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Author SHA1 Message Date
thomwolf 8d436dca5d fixing stronger 2019-12-05 13:55:50 +01:00
thomwolf 04dd3a6070 fixing tests 2019-12-05 13:53:07 +01:00
Thomas Wolf 199e3d4b72 Merge branch 'master' into rbert 2019-12-05 13:41:59 +01:00
thomwolf 1ba9eddb5b fix tests 2019-10-30 17:29:01 +01:00
Thomas Wolf 41886ec31a Merge branch 'master' into rbert 2019-10-30 17:22:17 +01:00
thomwolf ee0a99d050 fixes 2019-10-04 15:33:51 -04:00
thomwolf 90956e3b61 fixing 2019-10-03 18:56:57 -04:00
thomwolf bf3ae5d698 updated modeling_bert and tests 2019-10-03 18:21:12 -04:00
thomwolf cb1e14bdd7 remove specific rbert configurations 2019-10-03 18:20:59 -04:00
thomwolf 6609304cc5 updated configurations for robust loading 2019-10-03 18:20:44 -04:00
Richard Jackson 4bcfa63f60 minor docs update 2019-10-01 11:15:25 +01:00
Richard Jackson 5d50e1c2f6 fixes for roberta tokenizer 2019-10-01 09:45:54 +01:00
Richard Jackson 044ffed4d8 tidy up 2019-09-30 16:16:10 +01:00
Richard Jackson e3fa0654fe updated tests 2019-09-30 16:15:43 +01:00
Richard Jackson c77e760d8f minor fix 2019-09-30 14:57:53 +01:00
Richard Jackson 3270aa8ba9 updated test 2019-09-30 14:46:22 +01:00
Richard Jackson faa8b5a02e added nan check on RBERT mean operation and fixed argument order 2019-09-30 14:45:44 +01:00
Richard Jackson a9ebc571f7 fixed imports for new repo name 2019-09-30 10:25:39 +01:00
Richard Jackson bb1f2c0711 Merge branch 'master' into RBertForRobertA
# Conflicts:
#	pytorch_transformers/__init__.py
#	transformers/tests/modeling_bert_test.py
#	transformers/tests/modeling_roberta_test.py
2019-09-30 10:15:29 +01:00
Richard Jackson bf2b5c353c tidy up 2019-09-20 12:15:27 +01:00
Richard Jackson 67ca655587 tidy up 2019-09-20 12:05:58 +01:00
Richard Jackson 3e33bf9b48 Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/upstream/master' into RBertForRobertA 2019-09-20 11:58:22 +01:00
Richard Jackson fd896e71f6 updated docs and formatting 2019-09-20 11:56:01 +01:00
Richard Jackson 8783f2cfef updated docs 2019-09-20 11:42:15 +01:00
Richard Jackson 92ba7b4df2 bug fixes 2019-09-20 10:36:51 +01:00
Richard Jackson 912815ee2f added semeval readme to examples readme 2019-09-19 16:23:11 +01:00
Richard Jackson 29e98fd7b3 reverted semeval readme code from main README.md 2019-09-19 16:21:45 +01:00
Richard Jackson da518b3b81 added docstrings and examples 2019-09-19 16:19:20 +01:00
Richard Jackson 4a592f5662 added common test cases 2019-09-19 14:58:49 +01:00
Richard Jackson df14791ff5 Merge branch 'master' into RBertForRobertA
# Conflicts:
#	pytorch_transformers/__init__.py
2019-09-19 14:04:33 +01:00
Richard Jackson 340cb8ded3 refactor - removed unnecessary tokenisation classes 2019-09-19 13:30:05 +01:00
Richard Jackson eecc881248 refactor - extracted RBert head module 2019-09-13 10:14:51 +01:00
Richard Jackson 7c48fe74a6 first training of roberta 2019-09-12 12:54:15 +01:00
Richard Jackson 23adab6f7c docs 2019-09-12 10:04:36 +01:00
Richard Jackson 0035d095a6 renamed param in method 2019-09-12 09:58:23 +01:00
Richard Jackson f38bb27f8c typo 2019-09-11 19:22:49 +01:00
Richard Jackson ddf06ba304 added docs 2019-09-11 19:15:44 +01:00
Richard Jackson 204c34d301 added docs 2019-09-11 19:13:02 +01:00
Richard Jackson cacd42c078 renamed method 2019-09-11 18:58:37 +01:00
Richard Jackson 08469d3175 minor adjustment to tests 2019-09-11 18:54:21 +01:00
Richard Jackson 9d51b02794 tests passing 2019-09-11 18:16:39 +01:00
Richard Jackson 279e90672b changed signature of forward to no longer require entity indices 2019-09-11 17:46:47 +01:00
Richard Jackson 5c458fc971 minor cleanup 2019-09-11 16:09:34 +01:00
Richard Jackson 4cbd2e3677 new docs describing 93.36 SOTA 2019-09-11 12:22:52 +01:00
Richard Jackson 476adb8ab7 fixed some minor bugs 2019-09-11 11:53:53 +01:00
Richard Jackson 6295effdd4 updated docs 2019-09-10 22:56:02 +01:00
Richard Jackson c3fc0ebc36 docs 2019-09-10 22:51:32 +01:00
Richard Jackson a01a63d3e6 docs 2019-09-10 22:38:11 +01:00
Richard Jackson 18b65f190f 89.28 F1 with official script, training on 9 classes 2019-09-10 22:30:39 +01:00
Richard Jackson 05b5cc224d 89.07 F1 with official script 2019-09-10 21:19:26 +01:00
Richard Jackson 3d019c59d1 fixed bug with undirected labels data processor 2019-09-10 14:43:00 +01:00
Richard Jackson fffa2d60e7 docs update 2019-09-10 13:55:16 +01:00
Richard Jackson 4f17d02086 various bug fixes and doc updates 2019-09-10 13:52:43 +01:00
Richard Jackson 84f0b46bb3 added semeval output format 2019-09-09 16:34:25 +01:00
Richard Jackson 2d9808c40f RBert example code bugfixes 2019-09-09 15:44:57 +01:00
Richard Jackson 7cb1813206 RBert example code 2019-09-09 15:34:29 +01:00
Richard Jackson 621cd2a960 fixed missing Tokeniser import 2019-09-09 13:52:05 +01:00
Richard Jackson b6ffc981ed rbert model and test ready 2019-09-09 13:44:30 +01:00
Richard Jackson de13ac4637 rbert tokenizer and test ready 2019-09-09 13:32:56 +01:00
909 changed files with 53966 additions and 140903 deletions
+54 -86
View File
@@ -1,116 +1,87 @@
version: 2
jobs:
run_tests_torch_and_tf:
build_py3_torch_and_tf:
working_directory: ~/transformers
docker:
- image: circleci/python:3.6
environment:
OMP_NUM_THREADS: 1
- image: circleci/python:3.5
resource_class: xlarge
parallelism: 1
steps:
- checkout
- run: sudo pip install .[sklearn,tf-cpu,torch,testing]
- run: sudo pip install codecov pytest-cov
- run: python -m pytest -n 8 --dist=loadfile -s -v ./tests/ --cov
- run: sudo pip install torch
- run: sudo pip install tensorflow
- run: sudo pip install --progress-bar off .
- run: sudo pip install pytest codecov pytest-cov
- run: sudo pip install tensorboardX scikit-learn
- run: python -m pytest -sv ./transformers/tests/ --cov
- run: codecov
run_tests_torch:
build_py3_torch:
working_directory: ~/transformers
docker:
- image: circleci/python:3.7
environment:
OMP_NUM_THREADS: 1
- image: circleci/python:3.5
resource_class: xlarge
parallelism: 1
steps:
- checkout
- run: sudo pip install .[sklearn,torch,testing]
- run: sudo pip install codecov pytest-cov
- run: python -m pytest -n 8 --dist=loadfile -s -v ./tests/ --cov
- run: sudo pip install torch
- run: sudo pip install --progress-bar off .
- run: sudo pip install pytest codecov pytest-cov
- run: sudo pip install tensorboardX scikit-learn
- run: python -m pytest -sv ./transformers/tests/ --cov
- run: python -m pytest -sv ./examples/
- run: codecov
run_tests_tf:
build_py3_tf:
working_directory: ~/transformers
docker:
- image: circleci/python:3.7
environment:
OMP_NUM_THREADS: 1
- image: circleci/python:3.5
resource_class: xlarge
parallelism: 1
steps:
- checkout
- run: sudo pip install .[sklearn,tf-cpu,testing]
- run: sudo pip install codecov pytest-cov
- run: python -m pytest -n 8 --dist=loadfile -s -v ./tests/ --cov
- run: sudo pip install tensorflow
- run: sudo pip install --progress-bar off .
- run: sudo pip install pytest codecov pytest-cov
- run: sudo pip install tensorboardX scikit-learn
- run: python -m pytest -sv ./transformers/tests/ --cov
- run: codecov
run_tests_custom_tokenizers:
build_py2_torch:
working_directory: ~/transformers
docker:
- image: circleci/python:3.6
environment:
RUN_CUSTOM_TOKENIZERS: yes
steps:
- checkout
- run: sudo pip install .[mecab,testing]
- run: python -m pytest -sv ./tests/test_tokenization_bert_japanese.py
run_examples_torch:
working_directory: ~/transformers
docker:
- image: circleci/python:3.6
environment:
OMP_NUM_THREADS: 1
resource_class: xlarge
resource_class: large
parallelism: 1
steps:
- checkout
- run: sudo pip install .[sklearn,torch,testing]
- run: sudo pip install -r examples/requirements.txt
- run: python -m pytest -n 8 --dist=loadfile -s -v ./examples/
build_doc:
working_directory: ~/transformers
docker:
- image: circleci/python:3.6
- image: circleci/python:2.7
steps:
- checkout
- run: sudo pip install .[tf,torch,docs]
- run: cd docs && make html SPHINXOPTS="-W"
- store_artifacts:
path: ./docs/_build
- run: sudo pip install torch
- run: sudo pip install --progress-bar off .
- run: sudo pip install pytest codecov pytest-cov
- run: python -m pytest -sv ./transformers/tests/ --cov
- run: codecov
build_py2_tf:
working_directory: ~/transformers
resource_class: large
parallelism: 1
docker:
- image: circleci/python:2.7
steps:
- checkout
- run: sudo pip install tensorflow
- run: sudo pip install --progress-bar off .
- run: sudo pip install pytest codecov pytest-cov
- run: python -m pytest -sv ./transformers/tests/ --cov
- run: codecov
deploy_doc:
working_directory: ~/transformers
docker:
- image: circleci/python:3.6
- image: circleci/python:3.5
steps:
- add_ssh_keys:
fingerprints:
- "5b:7a:95:18:07:8c:aa:76:4c:60:35:88:ad:60:56:71"
fingerprints:
- "5b:7a:95:18:07:8c:aa:76:4c:60:35:88:ad:60:56:71"
- checkout
- run: sudo pip install .[tf,torch,docs]
- run: sudo pip install --progress-bar off -r docs/requirements.txt
- run: sudo pip install --progress-bar off -r requirements.txt
- run: ./.circleci/deploy.sh
check_code_quality:
working_directory: ~/transformers
docker:
- image: circleci/python:3.6
resource_class: medium
parallelism: 1
steps:
- checkout
# we need a version of isort with https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort/pull/1000
- run: sudo pip install git+git://github.com/timothycrosley/isort.git@e63ae06ec7d70b06df9e528357650281a3d3ec22#egg=isort
- run: sudo pip install .[tf,torch,quality]
- run: black --check --line-length 119 --target-version py35 examples templates tests src utils
- run: isort --check-only --recursive examples templates tests src utils
- run: flake8 examples templates tests src utils
check_repository_consistency:
working_directory: ~/transformers
docker:
- image: circleci/python:3.6
resource_class: small
parallelism: 1
steps:
- checkout
- run: sudo pip install requests
- run: python ./utils/link_tester.py
workflow_filters: &workflow_filters
filters:
branches:
@@ -120,12 +91,9 @@ workflows:
version: 2
build_and_test:
jobs:
- check_code_quality
- check_repository_consistency
- run_examples_torch
- run_tests_custom_tokenizers
- run_tests_torch_and_tf
- run_tests_torch
- run_tests_tf
- build_doc
- build_py3_torch_and_tf
- build_py3_torch
- build_py3_tf
- build_py2_torch
- build_py2_tf
- deploy_doc: *workflow_filters
+6 -29
View File
@@ -3,47 +3,24 @@ cd docs
function deploy_doc(){
echo "Creating doc at commit $1 and pushing to folder $2"
git checkout $1
if [ ! -z "$2" ]
if [ ! -z "$2" ]
then
if [ "$2" == "master" ]; then
echo "Pushing master"
make clean && make html && scp -r -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no _build/html/* $doc:$dir/$2/
cp -r _build/html/_static .
elif ssh -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no $doc "[ -d $dir/$2 ]"; then
if [ -d "$dir/$2" ]; then
echo "Directory" $2 "already exists"
scp -r -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no _static/* $doc:$dir/$2/_static/
else
echo "Pushing version" $2
make clean && make html
rm -rf _build/html/_static
cp -r _static _build/html
scp -r -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no _build/html $doc:$dir/$2
make clean && make html && scp -r -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no _build/html $doc:$dir/$2
fi
else
echo "Pushing stable"
make clean && make html
rm -rf _build/html/_static
cp -r _static _build/html
scp -r -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no _build/html/* $doc:$dir
echo "Pushing master"
make clean && make html && scp -r -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no _build/html/* $doc:$dir
fi
}
# You can find the commit for each tag on https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tags
deploy_doc "master" master
deploy_doc "master"
deploy_doc "b33a385" v1.0.0
deploy_doc "fe02e45" v1.1.0
deploy_doc "89fd345" v1.2.0
deploy_doc "fc9faa8" v2.0.0
deploy_doc "3ddce1d" v2.1.1
deploy_doc "3616209" v2.2.0
deploy_doc "d0f8b9a" v2.3.0
deploy_doc "6664ea9" v2.4.0
deploy_doc "fb560dc" v2.5.0
deploy_doc "b90745c" v2.5.1
deploy_doc "fbc5bf1" v2.6.0
deploy_doc "6f5a12a" v2.7.0
deploy_doc "11c3257" v2.8.0
deploy_doc "e7cfc1a" v2.9.0
deploy_doc "7cb203f" v2.9.1
deploy_doc "10d7239" v2.10.0
deploy_doc "b42586e" #v2.11.0 Latest stable release
+4 -4
View File
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
---
name: "\U0001F5A5 New benchmark"
about: Benchmark a part of this library and share your results
name: "\U0001F5A5 New Benchmark"
about: You benchmark a part of this library and would like to share your results
title: "[Benchmark]"
labels: ''
assignees: ''
---
# 🖥 Benchmarking `transformers`
# Benchmarking Transformers
## Benchmark
Which part of `transformers` did you benchmark?
Which part of Transformers did you benchmark?
## Set-up
@@ -1,20 +1,24 @@
---
name: "\U0001F31F New model addition"
name: "\U0001F31FNew model addition"
about: Submit a proposal/request to implement a new Transformer-based model
title: ''
labels: New model
labels: ''
assignees: ''
---
# 🌟 New model addition
# 🌟New model addition
## Model description
<!-- Important information -->
## Open source status
## Open Source status
* [ ] the model implementation is available: (give details)
* [ ] the model weights are available: (give details)
* [ ] who are the authors: (mention them, if possible by @gh-username)
* [ ] who are the authors: (mention them)
## Additional context
<!-- Add any other context about the problem here. -->
+25 -25
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@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
---
name: "\U0001F41B Bug Report"
about: Submit a bug report to help us improve transformers
about: Submit a bug report to help us improve PyTorch Transformers
title: ''
labels: ''
assignees: ''
---
# 🐛 Bug
## 🐛 Bug
## Information
<!-- Important information -->
Model I am using (Bert, XLNet ...):
Model I am using (Bert, XLNet....):
Language I am using the model on (English, Chinese ...):
Language I am using the model on (English, Chinese....):
The problem arises when using:
* [ ] the official example scripts: (give details below)
* [ ] my own modified scripts: (give details below)
The problem arise when using:
* [ ] the official example scripts: (give details)
* [ ] my own modified scripts: (give details)
The tasks I am working on is:
* [ ] an official GLUE/SQUaD task: (give the name)
* [ ] my own task or dataset: (give details below)
* [ ] my own task or dataset: (give details)
## To reproduce
## To Reproduce
Steps to reproduce the behavior:
@@ -31,22 +31,22 @@ Steps to reproduce the behavior:
2.
3.
<!-- If you have code snippets, error messages, stack traces please provide them here as well.
Important! Use code tags to correctly format your code. See https://help.github.com/en/github/writing-on-github/creating-and-highlighting-code-blocks#syntax-highlighting
Do not use screenshots, as they are hard to read and (more importantly) don't allow others to copy-and-paste your code.-->
<!-- If you have a code sample, error messages, stack traces, please provide it here as well. -->
## Expected behavior
<!-- A clear and concise description of what you would expect to happen. -->
<!-- A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen. -->
## Environment info
<!-- You can run the command `transformers-cli env` and copy-and-paste its output below.
Don't forget to fill out the missing fields in that output! -->
- `transformers` version:
- Platform:
- Python version:
- PyTorch version (GPU?):
- Tensorflow version (GPU?):
- Using GPU in script?:
- Using distributed or parallel set-up in script?:
## Environment
* OS:
* Python version:
* PyTorch version:
* PyTorch Transformers version (or branch):
* Using GPU ?
* Distributed of parallel setup ?
* Any other relevant information:
## Additional context
<!-- Add any other context about the problem here. -->
+7 -12
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@@ -1,25 +1,20 @@
---
name: "\U0001F680 Feature request"
about: Submit a proposal/request for a new transformers feature
name: "\U0001F680 Feature Request"
about: Submit a proposal/request for a new PyTorch Transformers feature
title: ''
labels: ''
assignees: ''
---
# 🚀 Feature request
## 🚀 Feature
<!-- A clear and concise description of the feature proposal.
Please provide a link to the paper and code in case they exist. -->
<!-- A clear and concise description of the feature proposal. Please provide a link to the paper and code in case they exist. -->
## Motivation
<!-- Please outline the motivation for the proposal. Is your feature request
related to a problem? e.g., I'm always frustrated when [...]. If this is related
to another GitHub issue, please link here too. -->
<!-- Please outline the motivation for the proposal. Is your feature request related to a problem? e.g., I'm always frustrated when [...]. If this is related to another GitHub issue, please link here too. -->
## Your contribution
## Additional context
<!-- Is there any way that you could help, e.g. by submitting a PR?
Make sure to read the CONTRIBUTING.MD readme:
https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md -->
<!-- Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here. -->
+24 -35
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@@ -1,58 +1,47 @@
---
name: "\U0001F4DA Migration from pytorch-pretrained-bert or pytorch-transformers"
about: Report a problem when migrating from pytorch-pretrained-bert or pytorch-transformers
to transformers
name: "\U0001F4DA Migration from PyTorch-pretrained-Bert"
about: Report a problem when migrating from PyTorch-pretrained-Bert to Transformers
title: ''
labels: Migration
labels: ''
assignees: ''
---
# 📚 Migration
## Information
## 📚 Migration
<!-- Important information -->
Model I am using (Bert, XLNet ...):
Model I am using (Bert, XLNet....):
Language I am using the model on (English, Chinese ...):
Language I am using the model on (English, Chinese....):
The problem arises when using:
* [ ] the official example scripts: (give details below)
* [ ] my own modified scripts: (give details below)
The problem arise when using:
* [ ] the official example scripts: (give details)
* [ ] my own modified scripts: (give details)
The tasks I am working on is:
* [ ] an official GLUE/SQUaD task: (give the name)
* [ ] my own task or dataset: (give details below)
* [ ] my own task or dataset: (give details)
## Details
Details of the issue:
<!-- A clear and concise description of the migration issue.
If you have code snippets, please provide it here as well.
Important! Use code tags to correctly format your code. See https://help.github.com/en/github/writing-on-github/creating-and-highlighting-code-blocks#syntax-highlighting
Do not use screenshots, as they are hard to read and (more importantly) don't allow others to copy-and-paste your code.
-->
<!-- A clear and concise description of the migration issue. If you have code snippets, please provide it here as well. -->
## Environment info
<!-- You can run the command `python transformers-cli env` and copy-and-paste its output below.
Don't forget to fill out the missing fields in that output! -->
- `transformers` version:
- Platform:
- Python version:
- PyTorch version (GPU?):
- Tensorflow version (GPU?):
- Using GPU in script?:
- Using distributed or parallel set-up in script?:
<!-- IMPORTANT: which version of the former library do you use? -->
* `pytorch-transformers` or `pytorch-pretrained-bert` version (or branch):
## Environment
* OS:
* Python version:
* PyTorch version:
* PyTorch Transformers version (or branch):
* Using GPU ?
* Distributed of parallel setup ?
* Any other relevant information:
## Checklist
- [ ] I have read the migration guide in the readme.
([pytorch-transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers#migrating-from-pytorch-transformers-to-transformers);
[pytorch-pretrained-bert](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers#migrating-from-pytorch-pretrained-bert-to-transformers))
- [ ] I checked if a related official extension example runs on my machine.
## Additional context
<!-- Add any other context about the problem here. -->
+4 -21
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@@ -1,29 +1,12 @@
---
name: "❓ Questions & Help"
about: Post your general questions on Stack Overflow tagged huggingface-transformers
name: "❓Questions & Help"
about: Start a general discussion related to PyTorch Transformers
title: ''
labels: ''
assignees: ''
---
# ❓ Questions & Help
## ❓ Questions & Help
<!-- The GitHub issue tracker is primarly intended for bugs, feature requests,
new models and benchmarks, and migration questions. For all other questions,
we direct you to Stack Overflow (SO) where a whole community of PyTorch and
Tensorflow enthusiast can help you out. Make sure to tag your question with the
right deep learning framework as well as the huggingface-transformers tag:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/huggingface-transformers
If your question wasn't answered after a period of time on Stack Overflow, you
can always open a question on GitHub. You should then link to the SO question
that you posted.
-->
## Details
<!-- Description of your issue -->
<!-- You should first ask your question on SO, and only if
you didn't get an answer ask it here on GitHub. -->
**A link to original question on Stack Overflow**:
<!-- A clear and concise description of the question. -->
-19
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@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
name: GitHub-hosted runner
on: push
jobs:
check_code_quality:
runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Set up Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v1
with:
python-version: 3.7
# - name: Install dependencies
# run: |
# pip install .[tf,torch,quality]
-32
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@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
name: Torch hub integration
on:
push:
branches:
- "*"
jobs:
torch_hub_integration:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
# no checkout necessary here.
- name: Extract branch name
run: echo "::set-env name=BRANCH::${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}"
- name: Check branch name
run: echo $BRANCH
- name: Set up Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v1
with:
python-version: 3.7
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
pip install torch
pip install numpy tokenizers filelock requests tqdm regex sentencepiece sacremoses packaging
- name: Torch hub list
run: |
python -c "import torch; print(torch.hub.list('huggingface/transformers:$BRANCH'))"
- name: Torch hub help
run: |
python -c "import torch; print(torch.hub.help('huggingface/transformers:$BRANCH', 'modelForSequenceClassification'))"
-54
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@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
name: Self-hosted runner (push)
on:
push:
branches:
- master
paths:
- "src/**"
- "tests/**"
- ".github/**"
# pull_request:
repository_dispatch:
jobs:
run_tests_torch_and_tf_gpu:
runs-on: self-hosted
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Python version
run: |
which python
python --version
pip --version
- name: Current dir
run: pwd
- run: nvidia-smi
- name: Create new python env (on self-hosted runners we have to handle isolation ourselves)
run: |
python -m venv .env
source .env/bin/activate
which python
python --version
pip --version
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
source .env/bin/activate
pip install torch
pip install .[sklearn,testing]
- name: Are GPUs recognized by our DL frameworks
run: |
source .env/bin/activate
python -c "import torch; print(torch.cuda.is_available())"
- name: Run all non-slow tests on GPU
env:
TF_FORCE_GPU_ALLOW_GROWTH: "true"
# TF_GPU_MEMORY_LIMIT: 4096
OMP_NUM_THREADS: 1
USE_CUDA: yes
run: |
source .env/bin/activate
python -m pytest -n 2 --dist=loadfile -s -v ./tests/
-50
View File
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
name: Self-hosted runner (scheduled)
on:
push:
branches:
- ci_*
repository_dispatch:
schedule:
- cron: "0 0 * * *"
jobs:
run_all_tests_torch_and_tf_gpu:
runs-on: self-hosted
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Python version
run: |
which python
python --version
pip --version
- name: Current dir
run: pwd
- run: nvidia-smi
- name: Create new python env (on self-hosted runners we have to handle isolation ourselves)
run: |
python -m venv .env
source .env/bin/activate
which python
python --version
pip --version
- name: Install dependencies
run: |
source .env/bin/activate
pip install .[sklearn,torch,testing]
- name: Are GPUs recognized by our DL frameworks
run: |
source .env/bin/activate
python -c "import torch; print(torch.cuda.is_available())"
- name: Run all tests on GPU
env:
TF_FORCE_GPU_ALLOW_GROWTH: "true"
OMP_NUM_THREADS: 1
RUN_SLOW: yes
USE_CUDA: yes
run: |
source .env/bin/activate
python -m pytest -n 1 --dist=loadfile -s -v ./tests/
+1 -15
View File
@@ -8,10 +8,6 @@ __pycache__/
# C extensions
*.so
# tests and logs
tests/fixtures
logs/
# Distribution / packaging
.Python
build/
@@ -120,7 +116,6 @@ dmypy.json
.pyre/
# vscode
.vs
.vscode
# Pycharm
@@ -135,10 +130,7 @@ proc_data
# examples
runs
/runs_old
/wandb
/examples/runs
/examples/**/*.args
examples/runs
# data
/data
@@ -147,9 +139,3 @@ serialization_dir
# emacs
*.*~
debug.env
# vim
.*.swp
#ctags
tags
+31 -129
View File
@@ -41,19 +41,16 @@ Did not find it? :( So we can act quickly on it, please follow these steps:
less than 30s;
* Provide the *full* traceback if an exception is raised.
To get the OS and software versions automatically, you can run the following command:
To get the OS and software versions, execute the following code and copy-paste
the output:
```bash
transformers-cli env
```
or from the root of the repository the following command:
```bash
python src/transformers/commands/transformers_cli.py env
import platform; print("Platform", platform.platform())
import sys; print("Python", sys.version)
import torch; print("PyTorch", torch.__version__)
import tensorflow; print("Tensorflow", tensorflow.__version__)
```
### Do you want to implement a new model?
Awesome! Please provide the following information:
@@ -65,8 +62,7 @@ Awesome! Please provide the following information:
If you are willing to contribute the model yourself, let us know so we can best
guide you.
We have added a **detailed guide and templates** to guide you in the process of adding a new model. You can find them
in the [`templates`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/templates) folder.
We have added a **detailed guide and templates** to guide you in the process of adding a new model. You can find them in the [`templates`](./templates) folder.
### Do you want a new feature (that is not a model)?
@@ -87,9 +83,7 @@ A world-class feature request addresses the following points:
If your issue is well written we're already 80% of the way there by the time you
post it.
We have added **templates** to guide you in the process of adding a new example script for training or testing the
models in the library. You can find them in the [`templates`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/templates)
folder.
We have added **templates** to guide you in the process of adding a new example script for training or testing the models in the library. You can find them in the [`templates`](./templates) folder.
## Start contributing! (Pull Requests)
@@ -106,10 +100,9 @@ Follow these steps to start contributing:
1. Fork the [repository](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) by
clicking on the 'Fork' button on the repository's page. This creates a copy of the code
under your GitHub user account.
under your github user account.
2. Clone your fork to your local disk, and add the base repository as a remote:
```bash
$ git clone git@github.com:<your Github handle>/transformers.git
$ cd transformers
@@ -121,77 +114,43 @@ Follow these steps to start contributing:
```bash
$ git checkout -b a-descriptive-name-for-my-changes
```
**do not** work on the `master` branch.
4. Set up a development environment by running the following command in a virtual environment:
```bash
$ pip install -e ".[dev]"
$ pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
```
(If transformers was already installed in the virtual environment, remove
it with `pip uninstall transformers` before reinstalling it in editable
mode with the `-e` flag.)
Right now, we need an unreleased version of `isort` to avoid a
[bug](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort/pull/1000):
```bash
$ pip install -U git+git://github.com/timothycrosley/isort.git@e63ae06ec7d70b06df9e528357650281a3d3ec22#egg=isort
```
5. Develop the features on your branch.
As you work on the features, you should make sure that the test suite
passes:
```bash
$ make test
```
`transformers` relies on `black` and `isort` to format its source code
consistently. After you make changes, format them with:
```bash
$ make style
```
`transformers` also uses `flake8` to check for coding mistakes. Quality
control runs in CI, however you can also run the same checks with:
```bash
$ make quality
```
Once you're happy with your changes, add changed files using `git add` and
make a commit with `git commit` to record your changes locally:
5. Develop the features on your branch. Add changed files using `git add` and
then `git commit` to record your changes locally:
```bash
$ git add modified_file.py
$ git commit
```
Please write [good commit
messages](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/).
It is a good idea to sync your copy of the code with the original
repository regularly. This way you can quickly account for changes:
messages](https://chris.beams.io/posts/git-commit/). It
is a good idea to sync your copy of the code with the original repository
regularly. This way you can quickly account for changes:
```bash
$ git fetch upstream
$ git rebase upstream/master
```
Push the changes to your account using:
```bash
$ git push -u origin a-descriptive-name-for-my-changes
```
6. Once you are satisfied (**and the checklist below is happy too**), go to the
webpage of your fork on GitHub. Click on 'Pull request' to send your changes
webpage of your fork on Github. Click on 'Pull request' to send your changes
to the project maintainers for review.
7. It's ok if maintainers ask you for changes. It happens to core contributors
too! So everyone can see the changes in the Pull request, work in your local
branch and push the changes to your fork. They will automatically appear in
@@ -207,71 +166,14 @@ Follow these steps to start contributing:
3. To indicate a work in progress please prefix the title with `[WIP]`. These
are useful to avoid duplicated work, and to differentiate it from PRs ready
to be merged;
4. Make sure existing tests pass;
5. Add high-coverage tests. No quality testing = no merge.
- If you are adding a new model, make sure that you use
`ModelTester.all_model_classes = (MyModel, MyModelWithLMHead,...)`, which triggers the common tests.
- If you are adding new `@slow` tests, make sure they pass using
`RUN_SLOW=1 python -m pytest tests/test_my_new_model.py`.
- If you are adding a new tokenizer, write tests, and make sure
`RUN_SLOW=1 python -m pytest tests/test_tokenization_{your_model_name}.py` passes.
CircleCI does not run the slow tests.
6. All public methods must have informative docstrings that work nicely with sphinx. See `modeling_ctrl.py` for an
example.
### Tests
An extensive test suite is included to test the library behavior and several examples. Library tests can be found in
the [tests folder](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/tests) and examples tests in the
[examples folder](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples).
We like `pytest` and `pytest-xdist` because it's faster. From the root of the
repository, here's how to run tests with `pytest` for the library:
```bash
$ python -m pytest -n auto --dist=loadfile -s -v ./tests/
```
and for the examples:
```bash
$ pip install -r examples/requirements.txt # only needed the first time
$ python -m pytest -n auto --dist=loadfile -s -v ./examples/
```
In fact, that's how `make test` and `make test-examples` are implemented!
You can specify a smaller set of tests in order to test only the feature
you're working on.
By default, slow tests are skipped. Set the `RUN_SLOW` environment variable to
`yes` to run them. This will download many gigabytes of models — make sure you
have enough disk space and a good Internet connection, or a lot of patience!
```bash
$ RUN_SLOW=yes python -m pytest -n auto --dist=loadfile -s -v ./tests/
$ RUN_SLOW=yes python -m pytest -n auto --dist=loadfile -s -v ./examples/
```
Likewise, set the `RUN_CUSTOM_TOKENIZERS` environment variable to `yes` to run
tests for custom tokenizers, which don't run by default either.
🤗 Transformers uses `pytest` as a test runner only. It doesn't use any
`pytest`-specific features in the test suite itself.
This means `unittest` is fully supported. Here's how to run tests with
`unittest`:
```bash
$ python -m unittest discover -s tests -t . -v
$ python -m unittest discover -s examples -t examples -v
```
4. Make sure pre-existing tests still pass;
5. Add high-coverage tests. No quality test, no merge;
6. All public methods must have informative doctrings;
### Style guide
For documentation strings, `transformers` follows the [google style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html).
Check our [documentation writing guide](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/docs#writing-documentation---specification)
for more information.
For documentation strings, `transformers` follows the [google
style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html).
#### This guide was heavily inspired by the awesome [scikit-learn guide to contributing](https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
-24
View File
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
.PHONY: quality style test test-examples
# Check that source code meets quality standards
quality:
black --check --line-length 119 --target-version py35 examples templates tests src utils
isort --check-only --recursive examples templates tests src utils
flake8 examples templates tests src utils
# Format source code automatically
style:
black --line-length 119 --target-version py35 examples templates tests src utils
isort --recursive examples templates tests src utils
# Run tests for the library
test:
python -m pytest -n auto --dist=loadfile -s -v ./tests/
# Run tests for examples
test-examples:
python -m pytest -n auto --dist=loadfile -s -v ./examples/
+65 -184
View File
@@ -19,14 +19,15 @@
</p>
<h3 align="center">
<p>State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing for PyTorch and TensorFlow 2.0
<p>State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing for TensorFlow 2.0 and PyTorch
</h3>
🤗 Transformers (formerly known as `pytorch-transformers` and `pytorch-pretrained-bert`) provides state-of-the-art general-purpose architectures (BERT, GPT-2, RoBERTa, XLM, DistilBert, XLNet, T5, CTRL...) for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG) with over thousands of pretrained models in 100+ languages and deep interoperability between PyTorch & TensorFlow 2.0.
[![](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/images/0)](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/links/0)[![](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/images/1)](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/links/1)[![](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/images/2)](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/links/2)[![](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/images/3)](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/links/3)[![](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/images/4)](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/links/4)[![](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/images/5)](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/links/5)[![](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/images/6)](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/links/6)[![](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/images/7)](https://sourcerer.io/fame/clmnt/huggingface/transformers/links/7)
🤗 Transformers (formerly known as `pytorch-transformers` and `pytorch-pretrained-bert`) provides state-of-the-art general-purpose architectures (BERT, GPT-2, RoBERTa, XLM, DistilBert, XLNet, CTRL...) for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG) with over 32+ pretrained models in 100+ languages and deep interoperability between TensorFlow 2.0 and PyTorch.
### Features
- As easy to use as pytorch-transformers
- As powerful and concise as Keras
- High performance on NLU and NLG tasks
- Low barrier to entry for educators and practitioners
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ State-of-the-art NLP for everyone
Lower compute costs, smaller carbon footprint
- Researchers can share trained models instead of always retraining
- Practitioners can reduce compute time and production costs
- Dozens of architectures with over 1,000 pretrained models, some in more than 100 languages
- 10 architectures with over 30 pretrained models, some in more than 100 languages
Choose the right framework for every part of a model's lifetime
- Train state-of-the-art models in 3 lines of code
@@ -54,22 +55,14 @@ Choose the right framework for every part of a model's lifetime
| [Online demo](#online-demo) | Experimenting with this repo’s text generation capabilities |
| [Quick tour: Usage](#quick-tour) | Tokenizers & models usage: Bert and GPT-2 |
| [Quick tour: TF 2.0 and PyTorch ](#Quick-tour-TF-20-training-and-PyTorch-interoperability) | Train a TF 2.0 model in 10 lines of code, load it in PyTorch |
| [Quick tour: pipelines](#quick-tour-of-pipelines) | Using Pipelines: Wrapper around tokenizer and models to use finetuned models |
| [Quick tour: Fine-tuning/usage scripts](#quick-tour-of-the-fine-tuningusage-scripts) | Using provided scripts: GLUE, SQuAD and Text generation |
| [Quick tour: Share your models ](#Quick-tour-of-model-sharing) | Upload and share your fine-tuned models with the community |
| [Migrating from pytorch-transformers to transformers](#Migrating-from-pytorch-transformers-to-transformers) | Migrating your code from pytorch-transformers to transformers |
| [Migrating from pytorch-pretrained-bert to pytorch-transformers](#Migrating-from-pytorch-pretrained-bert-to-transformers) | Migrating your code from pytorch-pretrained-bert to transformers |
| [Documentation](https://huggingface.co/transformers/) | Full API documentation and more |
| [Documentation][(v2.2.0/v2.2.1)](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v2.2.0) [(v2.1.1)](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v2.1.1) [(v2.0.0)](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v2.0.0) [(v1.2.0)](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v1.2.0) [(v1.1.0)](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v1.1.0) [(v1.0.0)](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v1.0.0) [(master)](https://huggingface.co/transformers) | Full API documentation and more |
## Installation
This repo is tested on Python 3.6+, PyTorch 1.0.0+ (PyTorch 1.3.1+ for examples) and TensorFlow 2.0.
You should install 🤗 Transformers in a [virtual environment](https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html). If you're unfamiliar with Python virtual environments, check out the [user guide](https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/).
Create a virtual environment with the version of Python you're going to use and activate it.
Now, if you want to use 🤗 Transformers, you can install it with pip. If you'd like to play with the examples, you must install it from source.
This repo is tested on Python 2.7 and 3.5+ (examples are tested only on python 3.5+), PyTorch 1.0.0+ and TensorFlow 2.0.0-rc1
### With pip
@@ -90,49 +83,35 @@ Please refer to [TensorFlow installation page](https://www.tensorflow.org/instal
When TensorFlow 2.0 and/or PyTorch has been installed, you can install from source by cloning the repository and running:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/huggingface/transformers
cd transformers
pip install .
```
When you update the repository, you should upgrade the transformers installation and its dependencies as follows:
```bash
git pull
pip install --upgrade .
pip install [--editable] .
```
### Run the examples
Examples are included in the repository but are not shipped with the library.
Therefore, in order to run the latest versions of the examples you also need to install from source. To do so, create a new virtual environment and follow these steps:
Therefore, in order to run the latest versions of the examples, you need to install from source, as described above.
Look at the [README](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/README.md) for how to run examples.
```bash
git clone https://github.com/huggingface/transformers
cd transformers
pip install [--editable] .
```
### Tests
A series of tests are included for the library and for some example scripts. Library tests can be found in the [tests folder](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/tests) and examples tests in the [examples folder](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples).
A series of tests are included for the library and the example scripts. Library tests can be found in the [tests folder](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/transformers/tests) and examples tests in the [examples folder](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples).
These tests can be run using `pytest` (install pytest if needed with `pip install pytest`).
Depending on which framework is installed (TensorFlow 2.0 and/or PyTorch), the irrelevant tests will be skipped. Ensure that both frameworks are installed if you want to execute all tests.
Here's the easiest way to run tests for the library:
You can run the tests from the root of the cloned repository with the commands:
```bash
pip install -e ".[testing]"
make test
python -m pytest -sv ./transformers/tests/
python -m pytest -sv ./examples/
```
and for the examples:
```bash
pip install -e ".[testing]"
pip install -r examples/requirements.txt
make test-examples
```
For details, refer to the [contributing guide](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#tests).
### Do you want to run a Transformer model on a mobile device?
You should check out our [`swift-coreml-transformers`](https://github.com/huggingface/swift-coreml-transformers) repo.
@@ -143,33 +122,22 @@ At some point in the future, you'll be able to seamlessly move from pre-training
## Model architectures
🤗 Transformers currently provides the following NLU/NLG architectures:
🤗 Transformers currently provides 10 NLU/NLG architectures:
1. **[BERT](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/bert.html)** (from Google) released with the paper [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805) by Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee and Kristina Toutanova.
2. **[GPT](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/gpt.html)** (from OpenAI) released with the paper [Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training](https://blog.openai.com/language-unsupervised/) by Alec Radford, Karthik Narasimhan, Tim Salimans and Ilya Sutskever.
3. **[GPT-2](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/gpt2.html)** (from OpenAI) released with the paper [Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners](https://blog.openai.com/better-language-models/) by Alec Radford*, Jeffrey Wu*, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei** and Ilya Sutskever**.
4. **[Transformer-XL](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/transformerxl.html)** (from Google/CMU) released with the paper [Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Context](https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.02860) by Zihang Dai*, Zhilin Yang*, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Quoc V. Le, Ruslan Salakhutdinov.
5. **[XLNet](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/xlnet.html)** (from Google/CMU) released with the paper [​XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08237) by Zhilin Yang*, Zihang Dai*, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Quoc V. Le.
6. **[XLM](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/xlm.html)** (from Facebook) released together with the paper [Cross-lingual Language Model Pretraining](https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07291) by Guillaume Lample and Alexis Conneau.
7. **[RoBERTa](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/roberta.html)** (from Facebook), released together with the paper a [Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692) by Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, Veselin Stoyanov.
8. **[DistilBERT](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/distilbert.html)** (from HuggingFace), released together with the paper [DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01108) by Victor Sanh, Lysandre Debut and Thomas Wolf. The same method has been applied to compress GPT2 into [DistilGPT2](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation), RoBERTa into [DistilRoBERTa](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation), Multilingual BERT into [DistilmBERT](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation) and a German version of DistilBERT.
9. **[CTRL](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/ctrl.html)** (from Salesforce) released with the paper [CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05858) by Nitish Shirish Keskar*, Bryan McCann*, Lav R. Varshney, Caiming Xiong and Richard Socher.
10. **[CamemBERT](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/camembert.html)** (from Inria/Facebook/Sorbonne) released with the paper [CamemBERT: a Tasty French Language Model](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03894) by Louis Martin*, Benjamin Muller*, Pedro Javier Ortiz Suárez*, Yoann Dupont, Laurent Romary, Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie, Djamé Seddah and Benoît Sagot.
11. **[ALBERT](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/albert.html)** (from Google Research and the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago) released with the paper [ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942), by Zhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel, Piyush Sharma, Radu Soricut.
12. **[T5](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/t5.html)** (from Google AI) released with the paper [Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683) by Colin Raffel and Noam Shazeer and Adam Roberts and Katherine Lee and Sharan Narang and Michael Matena and Yanqi Zhou and Wei Li and Peter J. Liu.
13. **[XLM-RoBERTa](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/xlmroberta.html)** (from Facebook AI), released together with the paper [Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.02116) by Alexis Conneau*, Kartikay Khandelwal*, Naman Goyal, Vishrav Chaudhary, Guillaume Wenzek, Francisco Guzmán, Edouard Grave, Myle Ott, Luke Zettlemoyer and Veselin Stoyanov.
14. **[MMBT](https://github.com/facebookresearch/mmbt/)** (from Facebook), released together with the paper a [Supervised Multimodal Bitransformers for Classifying Images and Text](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.02950.pdf) by Douwe Kiela, Suvrat Bhooshan, Hamed Firooz, Davide Testuggine.
15. **[FlauBERT](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/flaubert.html)** (from CNRS) released with the paper [FlauBERT: Unsupervised Language Model Pre-training for French](https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.05372) by Hang Le, Loïc Vial, Jibril Frej, Vincent Segonne, Maximin Coavoux, Benjamin Lecouteux, Alexandre Allauzen, Benoît Crabbé, Laurent Besacier, Didier Schwab.
16. **[BART](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/bart.html)** (from Facebook) released with the paper [BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.13461.pdf) by Mike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Omer Levy, Ves Stoyanov and Luke Zettlemoyer.
17. **[ELECTRA](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/electra.html)** (from Google Research/Stanford University) released with the paper [ELECTRA: Pre-training text encoders as discriminators rather than generators](https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.10555) by Kevin Clark, Minh-Thang Luong, Quoc V. Le, Christopher D. Manning.
18. **[DialoGPT](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/dialogpt.html)** (from Microsoft Research) released with the paper [DialoGPT: Large-Scale Generative Pre-training for Conversational Response Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00536) by Yizhe Zhang, Siqi Sun, Michel Galley, Yen-Chun Chen, Chris Brockett, Xiang Gao, Jianfeng Gao, Jingjing Liu, Bill Dolan.
19. **[Reformer](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/reformer.html)** (from Google Research) released with the paper [Reformer: The Efficient Transformer](https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04451) by Nikita Kitaev, Łukasz Kaiser, Anselm Levskaya.
20. **[MarianMT](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/marian.html)** Machine translation models trained using [OPUS](http://opus.nlpl.eu/) data by Jörg Tiedemann. The [Marian Framework](https://marian-nmt.github.io/) is being developed by the Microsoft Translator Team.
21. **[Longformer](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/longformer.html)** (from AllenAI) released with the paper [Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer](https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05150) by Iz Beltagy, Matthew E. Peters, Arman Cohan.
22. **[Other community models](https://huggingface.co/models)**, contributed by the [community](https://huggingface.co/users).
23. Want to contribute a new model? We have added a **detailed guide and templates** to guide you in the process of adding a new model. You can find them in the [`templates`](./templates) folder of the repository. Be sure to check the [contributing guidelines](./CONTRIBUTING.md) and contact the maintainers or open an issue to collect feedbacks before starting your PR.
1. **[BERT](https://github.com/google-research/bert)** (from Google) released with the paper [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805) by Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee and Kristina Toutanova.
2. **[GPT](https://github.com/openai/finetune-transformer-lm)** (from OpenAI) released with the paper [Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training](https://blog.openai.com/language-unsupervised/) by Alec Radford, Karthik Narasimhan, Tim Salimans and Ilya Sutskever.
3. **[GPT-2](https://blog.openai.com/better-language-models/)** (from OpenAI) released with the paper [Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners](https://blog.openai.com/better-language-models/) by Alec Radford*, Jeffrey Wu*, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei** and Ilya Sutskever**.
4. **[Transformer-XL](https://github.com/kimiyoung/transformer-xl)** (from Google/CMU) released with the paper [Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Context](https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.02860) by Zihang Dai*, Zhilin Yang*, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Quoc V. Le, Ruslan Salakhutdinov.
5. **[XLNet](https://github.com/zihangdai/xlnet/)** (from Google/CMU) released with the paper [​XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding](https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08237) by Zhilin Yang*, Zihang Dai*, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Quoc V. Le.
6. **[XLM](https://github.com/facebookresearch/XLM/)** (from Facebook) released together with the paper [Cross-lingual Language Model Pretraining](https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07291) by Guillaume Lample and Alexis Conneau.
7. **[RoBERTa](https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta)** (from Facebook), released together with the paper a [Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692) by Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, Veselin Stoyanov.
8. **[DistilBERT](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation)** (from HuggingFace), released together with the paper [DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01108) by Victor Sanh, Lysandre Debut and Thomas Wolf. The same method has been applied to compress GPT2 into [DistilGPT2](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation).
9. **[CTRL](https://github.com/salesforce/ctrl/)** (from Salesforce) released with the paper [CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generation](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05858) by Nitish Shirish Keskar*, Bryan McCann*, Lav R. Varshney, Caiming Xiong and Richard Socher.
10. **[CamemBERT](https://camembert-model.fr)** (from Inria/Facebook/Sorbonne) released with the paper [CamemBERT: a Tasty French Language Model](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03894) by Louis Martin*, Benjamin Muller*, Pedro Javier Ortiz Suárez*, Yoann Dupont, Laurent Romary, Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie, Djamé Seddah and Benoît Sagot.
11. **[ALBERT](https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/albert)** (from Google Research and the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago) released with the paper [ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942), by Zhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel, Piyush Sharma, Radu Soricut.
11. Want to contribute a new model? We have added a **detailed guide and templates** to guide you in the process of adding a new model. You can find them in the [`templates`](./templates) folder of the repository. Be sure to check the [contributing guidelines](./CONTRIBUTING.md) and contact the maintainers or open an issue to collect feedbacks before starting your PR.
These implementations have been tested on several datasets (see the example scripts) and should match the performances of the original implementations (e.g. ~93 F1 on SQuAD for BERT Whole-Word-Masking, ~88 F1 on RocStories for OpenAI GPT, ~18.3 perplexity on WikiText 103 for Transformer-XL, ~0.916 Pearson R coefficient on STS-B for XLNet). You can find more details on the performances in the Examples section of the [documentation](https://huggingface.co/transformers/examples.html).
These implementations have been tested on several datasets (see the example scripts) and should match the performances of the original implementations (e.g. ~93 F1 on SQuAD for BERT Whole-Word-Masking, ~88 F1 on RocStories for OpenAI GPT, ~18.3 perplexity on WikiText 103 for Transformer-XL, ~0.916 Peason R coefficient on STS-B for XLNet). You can find more details on the performances in the Examples section of the [documentation](https://huggingface.co/transformers/examples.html).
## Online demo
@@ -189,7 +157,7 @@ import torch
from transformers import *
# Transformers has a unified API
# for 10 transformer architectures and 30 pretrained weights.
# for 8 transformer architectures and 30 pretrained weights.
# Model | Tokenizer | Pretrained weights shortcut
MODELS = [(BertModel, BertTokenizer, 'bert-base-uncased'),
(OpenAIGPTModel, OpenAIGPTTokenizer, 'openai-gpt'),
@@ -198,10 +166,8 @@ MODELS = [(BertModel, BertTokenizer, 'bert-base-uncased'),
(TransfoXLModel, TransfoXLTokenizer, 'transfo-xl-wt103'),
(XLNetModel, XLNetTokenizer, 'xlnet-base-cased'),
(XLMModel, XLMTokenizer, 'xlm-mlm-enfr-1024'),
(DistilBertModel, DistilBertTokenizer, 'distilbert-base-cased'),
(RobertaModel, RobertaTokenizer, 'roberta-base'),
(XLMRobertaModel, XLMRobertaTokenizer, 'xlm-roberta-base'),
]
(DistilBertModel, DistilBertTokenizer, 'distilbert-base-uncased'),
(RobertaModel, RobertaTokenizer, 'roberta-base')]
# To use TensorFlow 2.0 versions of the models, simply prefix the class names with 'TF', e.g. `TFRobertaModel` is the TF 2.0 counterpart of the PyTorch model `RobertaModel`
@@ -269,7 +235,7 @@ valid_dataset = glue_convert_examples_to_features(data['validation'], tokenizer,
train_dataset = train_dataset.shuffle(100).batch(32).repeat(2)
valid_dataset = valid_dataset.batch(64)
# Prepare training: Compile tf.keras model with optimizer, loss and learning rate schedule
# Prepare training: Compile tf.keras model with optimizer, loss and learning rate schedule
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=3e-5, epsilon=1e-08, clipnorm=1.0)
loss = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
metric = tf.keras.metrics.SparseCategoricalAccuracy('accuracy')
@@ -299,16 +265,15 @@ print("sentence_2 is", "a paraphrase" if pred_2 else "not a paraphrase", "of sen
## Quick tour of the fine-tuning/usage scripts
**Important**
**Important**
Before running the fine-tuning scripts, please read the
[instructions](#run-the-examples) on how to
setup your environment to run the examples.
The library comprises several example scripts with SOTA performances for NLU and NLG tasks:
- `run_glue.py`: an example fine-tuning sequence classification models on nine different GLUE tasks (*sequence-level classification*)
- `run_squad.py`: an example fine-tuning question answering models on the question answering dataset SQuAD 2.0 (*token-level classification*)
- `run_ner.py`: an example fine-tuning token classification models on named entity recognition (*token-level classification*)
- `run_glue.py`: an example fine-tuning Bert, XLNet and XLM on nine different GLUE tasks (*sequence-level classification*)
- `run_squad.py`: an example fine-tuning Bert, XLNet and XLM on the question answering dataset SQuAD 2.0 (*token-level classification*)
- `run_generation.py`: an example using GPT, GPT-2, CTRL, Transformer-XL and XLNet for conditional language generation
- other model-specific examples (see the documentation).
@@ -318,7 +283,7 @@ Here are three quick usage examples for these scripts:
The [General Language Understanding Evaluation (GLUE) benchmark](https://gluebenchmark.com/) is a collection of nine sentence- or sentence-pair language understanding tasks for evaluating and analyzing natural language understanding systems.
Before running any of these GLUE tasks you should download the
Before running anyone of these GLUE tasks you should download the
[GLUE data](https://gluebenchmark.com/tasks) by running
[this script](https://gist.github.com/W4ngatang/60c2bdb54d156a41194446737ce03e2e)
and unpack it to some directory `$GLUE_DIR`.
@@ -333,15 +298,17 @@ pip install -r ./examples/requirements.txt
export GLUE_DIR=/path/to/glue
export TASK_NAME=MRPC
python ./examples/text-classification/run_glue.py \
python ./examples/run_glue.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-uncased \
--task_name $TASK_NAME \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir $GLUE_DIR/$TASK_NAME \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--per_device_eval_batch_size=8 \
--per_device_train_batch_size=8 \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size=8 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size=8 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 3.0 \
--output_dir /tmp/$TASK_NAME/
@@ -359,7 +326,8 @@ Parallel training is a simple way to use several GPUs (but is slower and less fl
```shell
export GLUE_DIR=/path/to/glue
python ./examples/text-classification/run_glue.py \
python ./examples/run_glue.py \
--model_type xlnet \
--model_name_or_path xlnet-large-cased \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
@@ -367,8 +335,8 @@ python ./examples/text-classification/run_glue.py \
--data_dir=${GLUE_DIR}/STS-B \
--output_dir=./proc_data/sts-b-110 \
--max_seq_length=128 \
--per_device_eval_batch_size=8 \
--per_device_train_batch_size=8 \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size=8 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size=8 \
--gradient_accumulation_steps=1 \
--max_steps=1200 \
--model_name=xlnet-large-cased \
@@ -384,15 +352,17 @@ On this machine we thus have a batch size of 32, please increase `gradient_accum
This example code fine-tunes the Bert Whole Word Masking model on the Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus (MRPC) corpus using distributed training on 8 V100 GPUs to reach a F1 > 92.
```bash
python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node 8 ./examples/text-classification/run_glue.py \
python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node 8 ./examples/run_glue.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking \
--task_name MRPC \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir $GLUE_DIR/MRPC/ \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--per_device_eval_batch_size=8 \
--per_device_train_batch_size=8 \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size=8 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size=8 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 3.0 \
--output_dir /tmp/mrpc_output/ \
@@ -416,11 +386,12 @@ Training with these hyper-parameters gave us the following results:
This example code fine-tunes BERT on the SQuAD dataset using distributed training on 8 V100 GPUs and Bert Whole Word Masking uncased model to reach a F1 > 93 on SQuAD:
```bash
python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=8 ./examples/question-answering/run_squad.py \
python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=8 ./examples/run_squad.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--train_file $SQUAD_DIR/train-v1.1.json \
--predict_file $SQUAD_DIR/dev-v1.1.json \
--learning_rate 3e-5 \
@@ -428,8 +399,8 @@ python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=8 ./examples/question-answer
--max_seq_length 384 \
--doc_stride 128 \
--output_dir ../models/wwm_uncased_finetuned_squad/ \
--per_device_eval_batch_size=3 \
--per_device_train_batch_size=3 \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size=3 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size=3 \
```
Training with these hyper-parameters gave us the following results:
@@ -449,15 +420,15 @@ The generation script includes the [tricks](https://github.com/rusiaaman/XLNet-g
Here is how to run the script with the small version of OpenAI GPT-2 model:
```shell
python ./examples/text-generation/run_generation.py \
python ./examples/run_generation.py \
--model_type=gpt2 \
--length=20 \
--model_name_or_path=gpt2 \
```
and from the Salesforce CTRL model:
and from the Salesforce CTRL model:
```shell
python ./examples/text-generation/run_generation.py \
python ./examples/run_generation.py \
--model_type=ctrl \
--length=20 \
--model_name_or_path=ctrl \
@@ -465,96 +436,6 @@ python ./examples/text-generation/run_generation.py \
--repetition_penalty=1.2 \
```
## Quick tour of model sharing
Starting with `v2.2.2`, you can now upload and share your fine-tuned models with the community, using the <abbr title="Command-line interface">CLI</abbr> that's built-in to the library.
**First, create an account on [https://huggingface.co/join](https://huggingface.co/join)**. Optionally, join an existing organization or create a new one. Then:
```shell
transformers-cli login
# log in using the same credentials as on huggingface.co
```
Upload your model:
```shell
transformers-cli upload ./path/to/pretrained_model/
# ^^ Upload folder containing weights/tokenizer/config
# saved via `.save_pretrained()`
transformers-cli upload ./config.json [--filename folder/foobar.json]
# ^^ Upload a single file
# (you can optionally override its filename, which can be nested inside a folder)
```
If you want your model to be namespaced by your organization name rather than your username, add the following flag to any command:
```shell
--organization organization_name
```
Your model will then be accessible through its identifier, a concatenation of your username (or organization name) and the folder name above:
```python
"username/pretrained_model"
# or if an org:
"organization_name/pretrained_model"
```
**Please add a README.md model card** to the repo under `model_cards/` with: model description, training params (dataset, preprocessing, hardware used, hyperparameters), evaluation results, intended uses & limitations, etc.
Your model now has a page on huggingface.co/models 🔥
Anyone can load it from code:
```python
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("namespace/pretrained_model")
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("namespace/pretrained_model")
```
List all your files on S3:
```shell
transformers-cli s3 ls
```
You can also delete unneeded files:
```shell
transformers-cli s3 rm …
```
## Quick tour of pipelines
New in version `v2.3`: `Pipeline` are high-level objects which automatically handle tokenization, running your data through a transformers model
and outputting the result in a structured object.
You can create `Pipeline` objects for the following down-stream tasks:
- `feature-extraction`: Generates a tensor representation for the input sequence
- `ner`: Generates named entity mapping for each word in the input sequence.
- `sentiment-analysis`: Gives the polarity (positive / negative) of the whole input sequence.
- `text-classification`: Initialize a `TextClassificationPipeline` directly, or see `sentiment-analysis` for an example.
- `question-answering`: Provided some context and a question refering to the context, it will extract the answer to the question in the context.
- `fill-mask`: Takes an input sequence containing a masked token (e.g. `<mask>`) and return list of most probable filled sequences, with their probabilities.
- `summarization`
- `translation_xx_to_yy`
```python
>>> from transformers import pipeline
# Allocate a pipeline for sentiment-analysis
>>> nlp = pipeline('sentiment-analysis')
>>> nlp('We are very happy to include pipeline into the transformers repository.')
[{'label': 'POSITIVE', 'score': 0.9978193640708923}]
# Allocate a pipeline for question-answering
>>> nlp = pipeline('question-answering')
>>> nlp({
... 'question': 'What is the name of the repository ?',
... 'context': 'Pipeline have been included in the huggingface/transformers repository'
... })
{'score': 0.5135612454720828, 'start': 35, 'end': 59, 'answer': 'huggingface/transformers'}
```
## Migrating from pytorch-transformers to transformers
Here is a quick summary of what you should take care of when migrating from `pytorch-transformers` to `transformers`.
@@ -686,7 +567,7 @@ for batch in train_data:
## Citation
We now have a paper you can cite for the 🤗 Transformers library:
```bibtex
```
@article{Wolf2019HuggingFacesTS,
title={HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing},
author={Thomas Wolf and Lysandre Debut and Victor Sanh and Julien Chaumond and Clement Delangue and Anthony Moi and Pierric Cistac and Tim Rault and R'emi Louf and Morgan Funtowicz and Jamie Brew},
-6
View File
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
coverage:
status:
project:
default:
informational: true
patch: off
+1 -2
View File
@@ -19,5 +19,4 @@ deploy_doc "fe02e45" v1.1.0
deploy_doc "89fd345" v1.2.0
deploy_doc "fc9faa8" v2.0.0
deploy_doc "3ddce1d" v2.1.1
deploy_doc "f2f3294" v2.2.0
deploy_doc "d0f8b9a" v2.3.0
deploy_doc "f2f3294" v2.2.0
+7
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
FROM pytorch/pytorch:latest
RUN git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/apex.git && cd apex && python setup.py install --cuda_ext --cpp_ext
RUN pip install transformers
WORKDIR /workspace
-26
View File
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
FROM ubuntu:18.04
LABEL maintainer="Hugging Face"
LABEL repository="transformers"
RUN apt update && \
apt install -y bash \
build-essential \
git \
curl \
ca-certificates \
python3 \
python3-pip && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists
RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir \
jupyter \
tensorflow-cpu \
torch
WORKDIR /workspace
COPY . transformers/
RUN cd transformers/ && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir .
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
-26
View File
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
FROM nvidia/cuda:10.1-cudnn7-runtime-ubuntu18.04
LABEL maintainer="Hugging Face"
LABEL repository="transformers"
RUN apt update && \
apt install -y bash \
build-essential \
git \
curl \
ca-certificates \
python3 \
python3-pip && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists
RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir \
jupyter \
tensorflow \
torch
WORKDIR /workspace
COPY . transformers/
RUN cd transformers/ && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir .
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
FROM ubuntu:18.04
LABEL maintainer="Hugging Face"
LABEL repository="transformers"
RUN apt update && \
apt install -y bash \
build-essential \
git \
curl \
ca-certificates \
python3 \
python3-pip && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists
RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir \
jupyter \
torch
WORKDIR /workspace
COPY . transformers/
RUN cd transformers/ && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir .
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
FROM nvidia/cuda:10.1-cudnn7-runtime-ubuntu18.04
LABEL maintainer="Hugging Face"
LABEL repository="transformers"
RUN apt update && \
apt install -y bash \
build-essential \
git \
curl \
ca-certificates \
python3 \
python3-pip && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists
RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir \
mkl \
torch
WORKDIR /workspace
COPY . transformers/
RUN cd transformers/ && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir .
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
FROM ubuntu:18.04
LABEL maintainer="Hugging Face"
LABEL repository="transformers"
RUN apt update && \
apt install -y bash \
build-essential \
git \
curl \
ca-certificates \
python3 \
python3-pip && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists
RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir \
mkl \
tensorflow-cpu
WORKDIR /workspace
COPY . transformers/
RUN cd transformers/ && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir .
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
FROM nvidia/cuda:10.1-cudnn7-runtime-ubuntu18.04
LABEL maintainer="Hugging Face"
LABEL repository="transformers"
RUN apt update && \
apt install -y bash \
build-essential \
git \
curl \
ca-certificates \
python3 \
python3-pip && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists
RUN python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir \
mkl \
tensorflow
WORKDIR /workspace
COPY . transformers/
RUN cd transformers/ && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir .
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
+13 -157
View File
@@ -1,33 +1,25 @@
# Generating the documentation
To generate the documentation, you first have to build it. Several packages are necessary to build the doc,
you can install them with the following command, at the root of the code repository:
you can install them using:
```bash
pip install -e ".[docs]"
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
---
**NOTE**
You only need to generate the documentation to inspect it locally (if you're planning changes and want to
check how they look like before committing for instance). You don't have to commit the built documentation.
---
## Packages installed
Here's an overview of all the packages installed. If you ran the previous command installing all packages from
Here's an overview of all the packages installed. If you ran the previous command installing all packages from
`requirements.txt`, you do not need to run the following commands.
Building it requires the package `sphinx` that you can
Building it requires the package `sphinx` that you can
install using:
```bash
pip install -U sphinx
```
You would also need the custom installed [theme](https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme) by
You would also need the custom installed [theme](https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme) by
[Read The Docs](https://readthedocs.org/). You can install it using the following command:
```bash
@@ -42,15 +34,19 @@ pip install recommonmark
## Building the documentation
Make sure that there is a symlink from the `example` file (in /examples) inside the source folder. Run the following
command to generate it:
```bash
ln -s ../../examples/README.md examples.md
```
Once you have setup `sphinx`, you can build the documentation by running the following command in the `/docs` folder:
```bash
make html
```
A folder called ``_build/html`` should have been created. You can now open the file ``_build/html/index.html`` in your
browser.
---
**NOTE**
@@ -69,143 +65,3 @@ It should build the static app that will be available under `/docs/_build/html`
Accepted files are reStructuredText (.rst) and Markdown (.md). Create a file with its extension and put it
in the source directory. You can then link it to the toc-tree by putting the filename without the extension.
## Preview the documentation in a pull request
Once you have made your pull request, you can check what the documentation will look like after it's merged by
following these steps:
- Look at the checks at the bottom of the conversation page of your PR (you may need to click on "show all checks" to
expand them).
- Click on "details" next to the `ci/circleci: build_doc` check.
- In the new window, click on the "Artifacts" tab.
- Locate the file "docs/_build/html/index.html" (or any specific page you want to check) and click on it to get a
preview.
## Writing Documentation - Specification
The `huggingface/transformers` documentation follows the
[Google documentation](https://sphinxcontrib-napoleon.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example_google.html) style. It is
mostly written in ReStructuredText
([Sphinx simple documentation](https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/index.html),
[Sourceforge complete documentation](https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html))
### Adding a new section
A section is a page held in the `Notes` toc-tree on the documentation. Adding a new section is done in two steps:
- Add a new file under `./source`. This file can either be ReStructuredText (.rst) or Markdown (.md).
- Link that file in `./source/index.rst` on the correct toc-tree.
### Adding a new model
When adding a new model:
- Create a file `xxx.rst` under `./source/model_doc`.
- Link that file in `./source/index.rst` on the `model_doc` toc-tree.
- Write a short overview of the model:
- Overview with paper & authors
- Paper abstract
- Tips and tricks and how to use it best
- Add the classes that should be linked in the model. This generally includes the configuration, the tokenizer, and
every model of that class (the base model, alongside models with additional heads), both in PyTorch and TensorFlow.
The order is generally:
- Configuration,
- Tokenizer
- PyTorch base model
- PyTorch head models
- TensorFlow base model
- TensorFlow head models
These classes should be added using the RST syntax. Usually as follows:
```
XXXConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XXXConfig
:members:
```
This will include every public method of the configuration. If for some reason you wish for a method not to be
displayed in the documentation, you can do so by specifying which methods should be in the docs:
```
XXXTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XXXTokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
```
### Writing source documentation
Values that should be put in `code` should either be surrounded by double backticks: \`\`like so\`\` or be written as
an object using the :obj: syntax: :obj:\`like so\`.
When mentionning a class, it is recommended to use the :class: syntax as the mentioned class will be automatically
linked by Sphinx: :class:\`transformers.XXXClass\`
When mentioning a function, it is recommended to use the :func: syntax as the mentioned method will be automatically
linked by Sphinx: :func:\`transformers.XXXClass.method\`
Links should be done as so (note the double underscore at the end): \`text for the link <./local-link-or-global-link#loc>\`__
#### Defining arguments in a method
Arguments should be defined with the `Args:` prefix, followed by a line return and an indentation.
The argument should be followed by its type, with its shape if it is a tensor, and a line return.
Another indentation is necessary before writing the description of the argument.
Here's an example showcasing everything so far:
```
Args:
input_ids (:obj:`torch.LongTensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length)`):
Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.
Indices can be obtained using :class:`transformers.AlbertTokenizer`.
See :func:`transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode` and
:func:`transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode_plus` for details.
`What are input IDs? <../glossary.html#input-ids>`__
```
#### Writing a multi-line code block
Multi-line code blocks can be useful for displaying examples. They are done like so:
```
Example::
# first line of code
# second line
# etc
```
The `Example` string at the beginning can be replaced by anything as long as there are two semicolons following it.
#### Writing a return block
Arguments should be defined with the `Args:` prefix, followed by a line return and an indentation.
The first line should be the type of the return, followed by a line return. No need to indent further for the elements
building the return.
Here's an example for tuple return, comprising several objects:
```
Returns:
:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` comprising various elements depending on the configuration (:class:`~transformers.BertConfig`) and inputs:
loss (`optional`, returned when ``masked_lm_labels`` is provided) ``torch.FloatTensor`` of shape ``(1,)``:
Total loss as the sum of the masked language modeling loss and the next sequence prediction (classification) loss.
prediction_scores (:obj:`torch.FloatTensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)`)
Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
```
Here's an example for a single value return:
```
Returns:
A list of integers in the range [0, 1]: 1 for a special token, 0 for a sequence token.
```
+32
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@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
alabaster==0.7.12
Babel==2.7.0
certifi==2019.6.16
chardet==3.0.4
commonmark==0.9.0
docutils==0.14
future==0.17.1
idna==2.8
imagesize==1.1.0
Jinja2==2.10.1
MarkupSafe==1.1.1
packaging==19.0
Pygments==2.4.2
pyparsing==2.4.0
pytz==2019.1
recommonmark==0.5.0
requests==2.22.0
six==1.12.0
snowballstemmer==1.9.0
Sphinx==2.1.2
sphinx-rtd-theme==0.4.3
sphinxcontrib-applehelp==1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-devhelp==1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp==1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-jsmath==1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-qthelp==1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml==1.1.3
urllib3==1.25.3
sphinx-markdown-tables==0.0.9
numpy==1.17.2
tensorflow==2.0.0rc2
torch==1.2.0
@@ -9,8 +9,4 @@
.highlight .kn, .highlight .nv, .highlight .s2, .highlight .ow {
color: #6670FF;
}
.highlight .gp {
color: #FB8D68;
}
-108
View File
@@ -1,72 +1,3 @@
/* Our DOM objects */
/* Version control */
.version-button {
background-color: #6670FF;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 5px;
font-size: 15px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.version-button:hover, .version-button:focus {
background-color: #A6B0FF;
}
.version-dropdown {
display: none;
background-color: #6670FF;
min-width: 160px;
overflow: auto;
font-size: 15px;
}
.version-dropdown a {
color: white;
padding: 3px 4px;
text-decoration: none;
display: block;
}
.version-dropdown a:hover {
background-color: #A6B0FF;
}
.version-show {
display: block;
}
/* Framework selector */
.framework-selector {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
justify-content: flex-end;
margin-right: 30px;
}
.framework-selector > button {
background-color: white;
color: #6670FF;
border: 1px solid #6670FF;
padding: 5px;
}
.framework-selector > button.selected{
background-color: #6670FF;
color: white;
border: 1px solid #6670FF;
padding: 5px;
}
/* Copy button */
a.copybtn {
margin: 3px;
}
/* The literal code blocks */
.rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content code.literal {
color: #6670FF;
@@ -85,7 +16,6 @@ a.copybtn {
/* The research field on top of the toc tree */
.wy-side-nav-search{
padding-top: 0;
background-color: #6670FF;
}
@@ -264,41 +194,3 @@ h2, .rst-content .toctree-wrapper p.caption, h3, h4, h5, h6, legend{
src: url(./Calibre-Thin.otf);
font-weight:400;
}
/**
* Nav Links to other parts of huggingface.co
*/
div.menu {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
padding-top: 20px;
padding-right: 20px;
z-index: 1000;
}
div.menu a {
font-size: 14px;
letter-spacing: 0.3px;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: white;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
background: linear-gradient(0deg, #6671ffb8, #9a66ffb8 50%);
padding: 10px 16px 6px 16px;
border-radius: 3px;
margin-left: 12px;
position: relative;
}
div.menu a:active {
top: 1px;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1750px) {
.wy-breadcrumbs {
margin-top: 32px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
div.menu {
display: none;
}
}
-180
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@@ -1,26 +1,3 @@
// These two things need to be updated at each release for the version selector.
// Last stable version
const stableVersion = "v2.11.0"
// Dictionary doc folder to label
const versionMapping = {
"master": "master",
"": "v2.11.0 (stable)",
"v2.10.0": "v2.10.0",
"v2.9.1": "v2.9.0/v2.9.1",
"v2.8.0": "v2.8.0",
"v2.7.0": "v2.7.0",
"v2.6.0": "v2.6.0",
"v2.5.1": "v2.5.0/v2.5.1",
"v2.4.0": "v2.4.0/v2.4.1",
"v2.3.0": "v2.3.0",
"v2.2.0": "v2.2.0/v2.2.1/v2.2.2",
"v2.1.1": "v2.1.1",
"v2.0.0": "v2.0.0",
"v1.2.0": "v1.2.0",
"v1.1.0": "v1.1.0",
"v1.0.0": "v1.0.0"
}
function addIcon() {
const huggingFaceLogo = "https://huggingface.co/landing/assets/transformers-docs/huggingface_logo.svg";
const image = document.createElement("img");
@@ -81,160 +58,6 @@ function addGithubButton() {
document.querySelector(".wy-side-nav-search .icon-home").insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', div);
}
function addVersionControl() {
// To grab the version currently in view, we parse the url
const parts = location.toString().split('/');
let versionIndex = parts.length - 2;
// Index page may not have a last part with filename.html so we need to go up
if (parts[parts.length - 1] != "" && ! parts[parts.length - 1].match(/\.html$/)) {
versionIndex = parts.length - 1;
}
// Main classes and models are nested so we need to go deeper
else if (parts[versionIndex] == "main_classes" || parts[versionIndex] == "model_doc") {
versionIndex = versionIndex - 1;
}
const version = parts[versionIndex];
// Menu with all the links,
const versionMenu = document.createElement("div");
const htmlLines = [];
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(versionMapping)) {
let baseUrlIndex = (version == "transformers") ? versionIndex + 1: versionIndex;
var urlParts = parts.slice(0, baseUrlIndex);
if (key != "") {
urlParts = urlParts.concat([key]);
}
urlParts = urlParts.concat(parts.slice(versionIndex+1));
htmlLines.push(`<a href="${urlParts.join('/')}">${value}</a>`);
}
versionMenu.classList.add("version-dropdown");
versionMenu.innerHTML = htmlLines.join('\n');
// Button for version selection
const versionButton = document.createElement("div");
versionButton.classList.add("version-button");
let label = (version == "transformers") ? stableVersion : version
versionButton.innerText = label.concat(" ▼");
// Toggle the menu when we click on the button
versionButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
versionMenu.classList.toggle("version-show");
});
// Hide the menu when we click elsewhere
window.addEventListener("click", (event) => {
if (event.target != versionButton){
versionMenu.classList.remove('version-show');
}
});
// Container
const div = document.createElement("div");
div.appendChild(versionButton);
div.appendChild(versionMenu);
div.style.paddingTop = '25px';
div.style.backgroundColor = '#6670FF';
div.style.display = 'block';
div.style.textAlign = 'center';
const scrollDiv = document.querySelector(".wy-side-scroll");
scrollDiv.insertBefore(div, scrollDiv.children[1]);
}
function addHfMenu() {
const div = `
<div class="menu">
<a href="/welcome">🔥 Sign in</a>
<a href="/models">🚀 Models</a>
</div>
`;
document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('afterbegin', div);
}
function platformToggle() {
const codeBlocks = Array.from(document.getElementsByClassName("highlight"));
const pytorchIdentifier = "## PYTORCH CODE";
const tensorflowIdentifier = "## TENSORFLOW CODE";
const promptSpanIdentifier = `<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>`
const pytorchSpanIdentifier = `<span class="c1">${pytorchIdentifier}</span>`;
const tensorflowSpanIdentifier = `<span class="c1">${tensorflowIdentifier}</span>`;
const getFrameworkSpans = filteredCodeBlock => {
const spans = filteredCodeBlock.element.innerHTML;
const pytorchSpanPosition = spans.indexOf(pytorchSpanIdentifier);
const tensorflowSpanPosition = spans.indexOf(tensorflowSpanIdentifier);
let pytorchSpans;
let tensorflowSpans;
if(pytorchSpanPosition < tensorflowSpanPosition){
const isPrompt = spans.slice(
spans.indexOf(tensorflowSpanIdentifier) - promptSpanIdentifier.length,
spans.indexOf(tensorflowSpanIdentifier)
) == promptSpanIdentifier;
const finalTensorflowSpanPosition = isPrompt ? tensorflowSpanPosition - promptSpanIdentifier.length : tensorflowSpanPosition;
pytorchSpans = spans.slice(pytorchSpanPosition + pytorchSpanIdentifier.length + 1, finalTensorflowSpanPosition);
tensorflowSpans = spans.slice(tensorflowSpanPosition + tensorflowSpanIdentifier.length + 1, spans.length);
}else{
const isPrompt = spans.slice(
spans.indexOf(pytorchSpanIdentifier) - promptSpanIdentifier.length,
spans.indexOf(pytorchSpanIdentifier)
) == promptSpanIdentifier;
const finalPytorchSpanPosition = isPrompt ? pytorchSpanPosition - promptSpanIdentifier.length : pytorchSpanPosition;
tensorflowSpans = spans.slice(tensorflowSpanPosition + tensorflowSpanIdentifier.length + 1, finalPytorchSpanPosition);
pytorchSpans = spans.slice(pytorchSpanPosition + pytorchSpanIdentifier.length + 1, spans.length);
}
return {
...filteredCodeBlock,
pytorchSample: pytorchSpans ,
tensorflowSample: tensorflowSpans
}
};
const createFrameworkButtons = sample => {
const pytorchButton = document.createElement("button");
pytorchButton.innerText = "PyTorch";
const tensorflowButton = document.createElement("button");
tensorflowButton.innerText = "TensorFlow";
const selectorDiv = document.createElement("div");
selectorDiv.classList.add("framework-selector");
selectorDiv.appendChild(pytorchButton);
selectorDiv.appendChild(tensorflowButton);
sample.element.parentElement.prepend(selectorDiv);
// Init on PyTorch
sample.element.innerHTML = sample.pytorchSample;
pytorchButton.classList.add("selected");
tensorflowButton.classList.remove("selected");
pytorchButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
sample.element.innerHTML = sample.pytorchSample;
pytorchButton.classList.add("selected");
tensorflowButton.classList.remove("selected");
});
tensorflowButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
sample.element.innerHTML = sample.tensorflowSample;
tensorflowButton.classList.add("selected");
pytorchButton.classList.remove("selected");
});
};
codeBlocks
.map(element => {return {element: element.firstChild, innerText: element.innerText}})
.filter(codeBlock => codeBlock.innerText.includes(pytorchIdentifier) && codeBlock.innerText.includes(tensorflowIdentifier))
.map(getFrameworkSpans)
.forEach(createFrameworkButtons);
}
/*!
* github-buttons v2.2.10
* (c) 2019 なつき
@@ -248,12 +71,9 @@ function parseGithubButtons (){"use strict";var e=window.document,t=e.location,o
function onLoad() {
addIcon();
addVersionControl();
addCustomFooter();
addGithubButton();
parseGithubButtons();
addHfMenu();
platformToggle();
}
window.addEventListener("load", onLoad);
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+2 -2
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@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ There is a growing field of study concerned with investigating the inner working
* Are Sixteen Heads Really Better than One? by Paul Michel, Omer Levy, Graham Neubig: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10650
* What Does BERT Look At? An Analysis of BERT's Attention by Kevin Clark, Urvashi Khandelwal, Omer Levy, Christopher D. Manning: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.04341
In order to help this new field develop, we have included a few additional features in the BERT/GPT/GPT-2 models to help people access the inner representations, mainly adapted from the great work of Paul Michel (https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10650):
In order to help this new field develop, we have included a few additional features in the BERT/GPT/GPT-2 models to help people access the inner representations, mainly adapted from the great work of Paul Michel (https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10650):
* accessing all the hidden-states of BERT/GPT/GPT-2,
* accessing all the attention weights for each head of BERT/GPT/GPT-2,
* retrieving heads output values and gradients to be able to compute head importance score and prune head as explained in https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10650.
To help you understand and use these features, we have added a specific example script: `bertology.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/bertology/run_bertology.py>`_ while extract information and prune a model pre-trained on GLUE.
To help you understand and use these features, we have added a specific example script: `bertology.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_bertology.py>`_ while extract information and prune a model pre-trained on GLUE.
+6 -15
View File
@@ -14,19 +14,19 @@
#
import os
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../../src'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../..'))
# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
project = u'transformers'
copyright = u'2020, huggingface'
copyright = u'2019, huggingface'
author = u'huggingface'
# The short X.Y version
version = u''
# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
release = u'2.11.0'
release = u'2.2.1'
# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
@@ -44,8 +44,7 @@ extensions = [
'sphinx.ext.napoleon',
'recommonmark',
'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
'sphinx_markdown_tables',
'sphinx_copybutton'
'sphinx_markdown_tables'
]
# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
@@ -75,8 +74,6 @@ exclude_patterns = [u'_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
pygments_style = None
# Remove the prompt when copying examples
copybutton_prompt_text = ">>> "
# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
@@ -108,12 +105,6 @@ html_static_path = ['_static']
#
# html_sidebars = {}
# This must be the name of an image file (path relative to the configuration
# directory) that is the favicon of the docs. Modern browsers use this as
# the icon for tabs, windows and bookmarks. It should be a Windows-style
# icon file (.ico).
html_favicon = 'favicon.ico'
# -- Options for HTMLHelp output ---------------------------------------------
@@ -190,8 +181,8 @@ epub_title = project
epub_exclude_files = ['search.html']
def setup(app):
app.add_css_file('css/huggingface.css')
app.add_css_file('css/code-snippets.css')
app.add_stylesheet('css/huggingface.css')
app.add_stylesheet('css/code-snippets.css')
app.add_js_file('js/custom.js')
# -- Extension configuration -------------------------------------------------
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
../../CONTRIBUTING.md
+26 -58
View File
@@ -3,16 +3,10 @@ Converting Tensorflow Checkpoints
A command-line interface is provided to convert original Bert/GPT/GPT-2/Transformer-XL/XLNet/XLM checkpoints in models than be loaded using the ``from_pretrained`` methods of the library.
.. note::
Since 2.3.0 the conversion script is now part of the transformers CLI (**transformers-cli**)
available in any transformers >= 2.3.0 installation.
The documentation below reflects the **transformers-cli convert** command format.
BERT
^^^^
You can convert any TensorFlow checkpoint for BERT (in particular `the pre-trained models released by Google <https://github.com/google-research/bert#pre-trained-models>`_\ ) in a PyTorch save file by using the `convert_bert_original_tf_checkpoint_to_pytorch.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/src/transformers/convert_bert_original_tf_checkpoint_to_pytorch.py>`_ script.
You can convert any TensorFlow checkpoint for BERT (in particular `the pre-trained models released by Google <https://github.com/google-research/bert#pre-trained-models>`_\ ) in a PyTorch save file by using the `convert_tf_checkpoint_to_pytorch.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/transformers/convert_tf_checkpoint_to_pytorch.py>`_ script.
This CLI takes as input a TensorFlow checkpoint (three files starting with ``bert_model.ckpt``\ ) and the associated configuration file (\ ``bert_config.json``\ ), and creates a PyTorch model for this configuration, loads the weights from the TensorFlow checkpoint in the PyTorch model and saves the resulting model in a standard PyTorch save file that can be imported using ``torch.load()`` (see examples in `run_bert_extract_features.py <https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-pretrained-BERT/tree/master/examples/run_bert_extract_features.py>`_\ , `run_bert_classifier.py <https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-pretrained-BERT/tree/master/examples/run_bert_classifier.py>`_ and `run_bert_squad.py <https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-pretrained-BERT/tree/master/examples/run_bert_squad.py>`_\ ).
@@ -26,33 +20,13 @@ Here is an example of the conversion process for a pre-trained ``BERT-Base Uncas
export BERT_BASE_DIR=/path/to/bert/uncased_L-12_H-768_A-12
transformers-cli convert --model_type bert \
--tf_checkpoint $BERT_BASE_DIR/bert_model.ckpt \
--config $BERT_BASE_DIR/bert_config.json \
--pytorch_dump_output $BERT_BASE_DIR/pytorch_model.bin
transformers bert \
$BERT_BASE_DIR/bert_model.ckpt \
$BERT_BASE_DIR/bert_config.json \
$BERT_BASE_DIR/pytorch_model.bin
You can download Google's pre-trained models for the conversion `here <https://github.com/google-research/bert#pre-trained-models>`__.
ALBERT
^^^^^^
Convert TensorFlow model checkpoints of ALBERT to PyTorch using the `convert_albert_original_tf_checkpoint_to_pytorch.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/src/transformers/convert_bert_original_tf_checkpoint_to_pytorch.py>`_ script.
The CLI takes as input a TensorFlow checkpoint (three files starting with ``model.ckpt-best``\ ) and the accompanying configuration file (\ ``albert_config.json``\ ), then creates and saves a PyTorch model. To run this conversion you will need to have TensorFlow and PyTorch installed.
Here is an example of the conversion process for the pre-trained ``ALBERT Base`` model:
.. code-block:: shell
export ALBERT_BASE_DIR=/path/to/albert/albert_base
transformers-cli convert --model_type albert \
--tf_checkpoint $ALBERT_BASE_DIR/model.ckpt-best \
--config $ALBERT_BASE_DIR/albert_config.json \
--pytorch_dump_output $ALBERT_BASE_DIR/pytorch_model.bin
You can download Google's pre-trained models for the conversion `here <https://github.com/google-research/albert#pre-trained-models>`__.
OpenAI GPT
^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -62,12 +36,10 @@ Here is an example of the conversion process for a pre-trained OpenAI GPT model,
export OPENAI_GPT_CHECKPOINT_FOLDER_PATH=/path/to/openai/pretrained/numpy/weights
transformers-cli convert --model_type gpt \
--tf_checkpoint $OPENAI_GPT_CHECKPOINT_FOLDER_PATH \
--pytorch_dump_output $PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT \
[--config OPENAI_GPT_CONFIG] \
[--finetuning_task_name OPENAI_GPT_FINETUNED_TASK] \
transformers gpt \
$OPENAI_GPT_CHECKPOINT_FOLDER_PATH \
$PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT \
[OPENAI_GPT_CONFIG]
OpenAI GPT-2
^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -78,11 +50,10 @@ Here is an example of the conversion process for a pre-trained OpenAI GPT-2 mode
export OPENAI_GPT2_CHECKPOINT_PATH=/path/to/gpt2/pretrained/weights
transformers-cli convert --model_type gpt2 \
--tf_checkpoint $OPENAI_GPT2_CHECKPOINT_PATH \
--pytorch_dump_output $PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT \
[--config OPENAI_GPT2_CONFIG] \
[--finetuning_task_name OPENAI_GPT2_FINETUNED_TASK]
transformers gpt2 \
$OPENAI_GPT2_CHECKPOINT_PATH \
$PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT \
[OPENAI_GPT2_CONFIG]
Transformer-XL
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -93,28 +64,27 @@ Here is an example of the conversion process for a pre-trained Transformer-XL mo
export TRANSFO_XL_CHECKPOINT_FOLDER_PATH=/path/to/transfo/xl/checkpoint
transformers-cli convert --model_type transfo_xl \
--tf_checkpoint $TRANSFO_XL_CHECKPOINT_FOLDER_PATH \
--pytorch_dump_output $PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT \
[--config TRANSFO_XL_CONFIG] \
[--finetuning_task_name TRANSFO_XL_FINETUNED_TASK]
transformers transfo_xl \
$TRANSFO_XL_CHECKPOINT_FOLDER_PATH \
$PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT \
[TRANSFO_XL_CONFIG]
XLNet
^^^^^
Here is an example of the conversion process for a pre-trained XLNet model:
Here is an example of the conversion process for a pre-trained XLNet model, fine-tuned on STS-B using the TensorFlow script:
.. code-block:: shell
export TRANSFO_XL_CHECKPOINT_PATH=/path/to/xlnet/checkpoint
export TRANSFO_XL_CONFIG_PATH=/path/to/xlnet/config
transformers-cli convert --model_type xlnet \
--tf_checkpoint $TRANSFO_XL_CHECKPOINT_PATH \
--config $TRANSFO_XL_CONFIG_PATH \
--pytorch_dump_output $PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT \
[--finetuning_task_name XLNET_FINETUNED_TASK] \
transformers xlnet \
$TRANSFO_XL_CHECKPOINT_PATH \
$TRANSFO_XL_CONFIG_PATH \
$PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT \
STS-B \
XLM
@@ -126,8 +96,6 @@ Here is an example of the conversion process for a pre-trained XLM model:
export XLM_CHECKPOINT_PATH=/path/to/xlm/checkpoint
transformers-cli convert --model_type xlm \
--tf_checkpoint $XLM_CHECKPOINT_PATH \
--pytorch_dump_output $PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT
[--config XML_CONFIG] \
[--finetuning_task_name XML_FINETUNED_TASK]
transformers xlm \
$XLM_CHECKPOINT_PATH \
$PYTORCH_DUMP_OUTPUT \
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Glossary
^^^^^^^^
General terms
-------------
- autoencoding models: see MLM
- autoregressive models: see CLM
- CLM: causal language modeling, a pretraining task where the model reads the texts in order and has to predict the
next word. It's usually done by reading the whole sentence but using a mask inside the model to hide the future
tokens at a certain timestep.
- MLM: masked language modeling, a pretraining task where the model sees a corrupted version of the texts, usually done
by masking some tokens randomly, and has to predict the original text.
- multimodal: a task taht combines texts with another kind of inputs (for instance images).
- NLG: natural language generation, all tasks related to generating text ( for instance talk with transformers,
translation)
- NLP: natural language processing, a generic way to say "deal with texts".
- NLU: natural language understanding, all tasks related to understanding what is in a text (for instance classifying
the whole text, individual words)
- pretrained model: a model that has been pretrained on some data (for instance all of Wikipedia). Pretraining methods
involve a self-supervised objective, which can be reading the text and trying to predict the next word (see CLM) or
masking some words and trying to predict them (see MLM).
- RNN: recurrent neural network, a type of model that uses a loop over a layer to process texts.
- seq2seq or sequence-to-sequence: models that generate a new sequence from an input, like translation models, or
summarization models (such as :doc:`Bart </model_doc/bart>` or :doc:`T5 </model_doc/t5>`).
- token: a part of a sentence, usually a word, but can also be a subword (non-common words are often split in subwords)
or a punctuation symbol.
Model inputs
------------
Every model is different yet bears similarities with the others. Therefore most models use the same inputs, which are
detailed here alongside usage examples.
.. _input-ids:
Input IDs
~~~~~~~~~
The input ids are often the only required parameters to be passed to the model as input. *They are token indices,
numerical representations of tokens building the sequences that will be used as input by the model*.
Each tokenizer works differently but the underlying mechanism remains the same. Here's an example using the BERT
tokenizer, which is a `WordPiece <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.08144.pdf>`__ tokenizer:
::
>>> from transformers import BertTokenizer
>>> tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-cased")
>>> sequence = "A Titan RTX has 24GB of VRAM"
The tokenizer takes care of splitting the sequence into tokens available in the tokenizer vocabulary.
::
>>> tokenized_sequence = tokenizer.tokenize(sequence)
The tokens are either words or subwords. Here for instance, "VRAM" wasn't in the model vocabulary, so it's been split
in "V", "RA" and "M". To indicate those tokens are not separate words but parts of the same word, a double-dash is
added for "RA" and "M":
::
>>> print(tokenized_sequence)
['A', 'Titan', 'R', '##T', '##X', 'has', '24', '##GB', 'of', 'V', '##RA', '##M']
These tokens can then be converted into IDs which are understandable by the model. This can be done by directly feeding
the sentence to the tokenizer, which leverages the Rust implementation of
`huggingface/tokenizers <https://github.com/huggingface/tokenizers>`__ for peak performance.
::
>>> encoded_sequence = tokenizer(sequence)["input_ids"]
The tokenizer returns a dictionary with all the arguments necessary for its corresponding model to work properly. The
token indices are under the key "input_ids":
::
>>> print(encoded_sequence)
[101, 138, 18696, 155, 1942, 3190, 1144, 1572, 13745, 1104, 159, 9664, 2107, 102]
Note that the tokenizer automatically adds "special tokens" (if the associated model rely on them) which are special
IDs the model sometimes uses. If we decode the previous sequence of ids,
::
>>> decoded_sequence = tokenizer.decode(encoded_sequence)
we will see
::
>>> print(decoded_sequence)
[CLS] A Titan RTX has 24GB of VRAM [SEP]
because this is the way a :class:`~transformers.BertModel` is going to expect its inputs.
.. _attention-mask:
Attention mask
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The attention mask is an optional argument used when batching sequences together. This argument indicates to the
model which tokens should be attended to, and which should not.
For example, consider these two sequences:
::
>>> from transformers import BertTokenizer
>>> tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-cased")
>>> sequence_a = "This is a short sequence."
>>> sequence_b = "This is a rather long sequence. It is at least longer than the sequence A."
>>> encoded_sequence_a = tokenizer(sequence_a)["input_ids"]
>>> encoded_sequence_b = tokenizer(sequence_b)["input_ids"]
The encoded versions have different lengths:
::
>>> len(encoded_sequence_a), len(encoded_sequence_b)
(8, 19)
Therefore, we can't be put then together in a same tensor as-is. The first sequence needs to be padded up to the length
of the second one, or the second one needs to be truncated down to the length of the first one.
In the first case, the list of IDs will be extended by the padding indices. We can pass a list to the tokenizer and ask
it to pad like this:
::
>>> padded_sequences = tokenizer([sequence_a, sequence_b], padding=True)
We can see that 0s have been added on the right of the first sentence to make it the same length as the second one:
::
>>> padded_sequences["input_ids"]
[[101, 1188, 1110, 170, 1603, 4954, 119, 102, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [101, 1188, 1110, 170, 1897, 1263, 4954, 119, 1135, 1110, 1120, 1655, 2039, 1190, 1103, 4954, 138, 119, 102]]
This can then be converted into a tensor in PyTorch or TensorFlow. The attention mask is a binary tensor indicating
the position of the padded indices so that the model does not attend to them. For the
:class:`~transformers.BertTokenizer`, :obj:`1` indicate a value that should be attended to while :obj:`0` indicate
a padded value. This attention mask is in the dictionary returned by the tokenizer under the key "attention_mask":
::
>>> padded_sequences["attention_mask"]
[[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]
.. _token-type-ids:
Token Type IDs
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Some models' purpose is to do sequence classification or question answering. These require two different sequences to
be encoded in the same input IDs. They are usually separated by special tokens, such as the classifier and separator
tokens. For example, the BERT model builds its two sequence input as such:
::
>>> # [CLS] SEQUENCE_A [SEP] SEQUENCE_B [SEP]
We can use our tokenizer to automatically generate such a sentence by passing the two sequences as two arguments (and
not a list like before) like this:
::
>>> from transformers import BertTokenizer
>>> tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-cased")
>>> sequence_a = "HuggingFace is based in NYC"
>>> sequence_b = "Where is HuggingFace based?"
>>> encoded_dict = tokenizer(sequence_a, sequence_b)
>>> decoded = tokenizer.decode(encoded_dict["input_ids"])
which will return:
::
>>> print(decoded)
[CLS] HuggingFace is based in NYC [SEP] Where is HuggingFace based? [SEP]
This is enough for some models to understand where one sequence ends and where another begins. However, other models
such as BERT have an additional mechanism, which are the token type IDs (also called segment IDs). They are a binary
mask identifying the different sequences in the model.
The tokenizer returns in the dictionary under the key "token_type_ids":
::
>>> encoded_dict['token_type_ids']
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
The first sequence, the "context" used for the question, has all its tokens represented by :obj:`0`, whereas the
question has all its tokens represented by :obj:`1`. Some models, like :class:`~transformers.XLNetModel` use an
additional token represented by a :obj:`2`.
.. _position-ids:
Position IDs
~~~~~~~~~~~~
The position IDs are used by the model to identify which token is at which position. Contrary to RNNs that have the
position of each token embedded within them, transformers are unaware of the position of each token. The position
IDs are created for this purpose.
They are an optional parameter. If no position IDs are passed to the model, they are automatically created as absolute
positional embeddings.
Absolute positional embeddings are selected in the range ``[0, config.max_position_embeddings - 1]``. Some models
use other types of positional embeddings, such as sinusoidal position embeddings or relative position embeddings.
.. _feed-forward-chunking:
Feed Forward Chunking
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In transformers two feed forward layers usually follows the self attention layer in each residual attention block.
The intermediate embedding size of the feed forward layers is often bigger than the hidden size of the model (e.g.,
for ``bert-base-uncased``).
For an input of size ``[batch_size, sequence_length]``, the memory required to store the intermediate feed forward
embeddings ``[batch_size, sequence_length, config.intermediate_size]`` can account for a large fraction of the memory
use. The authors of `Reformer: The Efficient Transformer <https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04451>`_ noticed that since the
computation is independent of the ``sequence_length`` dimension, it is mathematically equivalent to compute the output
embeddings of both feed forward layers ``[batch_size, config.hidden_size]_0, ..., [batch_size, config.hidden_size]_n``
individually and concat them afterward to ``[batch_size, sequence_length, config.hidden_size]`` with
``n = sequence_length``, which trades increased computation time against reduced memory use, but yields a
mathematically **equivalent** result.
For models employing the function :func:`~.transformers.apply_chunking_to_forward`, the ``chunk_size`` defines the
number of output embeddings that are computed in parallel and thus defines the trade-off between memory and time
complexity. If ``chunk_size`` is set to 0, no feed forward chunking is done.
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Transformers
================================================================================================================================================
State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing for Pytorch and TensorFlow 2.0.
🤗 Transformers (formerly known as `pytorch-transformers` and `pytorch-pretrained-bert`) provides general-purpose architectures
(BERT, GPT-2, RoBERTa, XLM, DistilBert, XLNet...) for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation
(NLG) with over 32+ pretrained models in 100+ languages and deep interoperability between TensorFlow 2.0 and PyTorch.
🤗 Transformers (formerly known as `pytorch-transformers` and `pytorch-pretrained-bert`) provides general-purpose
architectures (BERT, GPT-2, RoBERTa, XLM, DistilBert, XLNet...) for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural
Language Generation (NLG) with over 32+ pretrained models in 100+ languages and deep interoperability between
TensorFlow 2.0 and PyTorch.
This is the documentation of our repository `transformers <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers>`_.
This is the documentation of our repository `transformers <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers>`__.
Features
---------------------------------------------------
- As easy to use as pytorch-transformers
- As powerful and concise as Keras
- High performance on NLU and NLG tasks
- Low barrier to entry for educators and practitioners
@@ -38,144 +37,52 @@ Choose the right framework for every part of a model's lifetime:
Contents
---------------------------------
The documentation is organized in five parts:
The library currently contains PyTorch and Tensorflow implementations, pre-trained model weights, usage scripts and conversion utilities for the following models:
- **GET STARTED** contains a quick tour, the installation instructions and some useful information about our philosophy
and a glossary.
- **USING 🤗 TRANSFORMERS** contains general tutorials on how to use the library.
- **ADVANCED GUIDES** contains more advanced guides that are more specific to a given script or part of the library.
- **RESEARCH** focuses on tutorials that have less to do with how to use the library but more about general resarch in
transformers model
- **PACKAGE REFERENCE** contains the documentation of each public class and function.
The library currently contains PyTorch and Tensorflow implementations, pre-trained model weights, usage scripts and
conversion utilities for the following models:
1. `BERT <https://github.com/google-research/bert>`_ (from Google) released with the paper `BERT: Pre-training of Deep
Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding <https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805>`_ by Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei
Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova.
2. `GPT <https://github.com/openai/finetune-transformer-lm>`_ (from OpenAI) released with the paper `Improving Language
Understanding by Generative Pre-Training <https://blog.openai.com/language-unsupervised>`_ by Alec Radford, Karthik
Narasimhan, Tim Salimans, and Ilya Sutskever.
3. `GPT-2 <https://blog.openai.com/better-language-models>`_ (from OpenAI) released with the paper `Language Models are
Unsupervised Multitask Learners <https://blog.openai.com/better-language-models>`_ by Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu,
Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, and Ilya Sutskever.
4. `Transformer-XL <https://github.com/kimiyoung/transformer-xl>`_ (from Google/CMU) released with the paper
`Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Context <https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.02860>`_ by
Zihang Dai, Zhilin Yang, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Quoc V. Le, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov.
5. `XLNet <https://github.com/zihangdai/xlnet>`_ (from Google/CMU) released with the paper `​XLNet: Generalized
Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding <https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08237>`_ by Zhilin Yang, Zihang
Dai, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Quoc V. Le.
6. `XLM <https://github.com/facebookresearch/XLM>`_ (from Facebook) released together with the paper `Cross-lingual
Language Model Pretraining <https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07291>`_ by Guillaume Lample and Alexis Conneau.
7. `RoBERTa <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta>`_ (from Facebook), released together with
the paper a `Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach <https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692>`_ by Yinhan Liu, Myle
Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin
Stoyanov.
8. `DistilBERT <https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/distilbert.html>`_ (from HuggingFace) released together
with the paper `DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter
<https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01108>`_ by Victor Sanh, Lysandre Debut, and Thomas Wolf. The same method has been
applied to compress GPT2 into
`DistilGPT2 <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`_.
9. `CTRL <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/ctrl>`_ (from Salesforce), released together with the
paper `CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generation
<https://www.github.com/salesforce/ctrl>`_ by Nitish Shirish Keskar, Bryan McCann, Lav R. Varshney, Caiming Xiong,
and Richard Socher.
10. `CamemBERT <https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/camembert.html>`_ (from FAIR, Inria, Sorbonne Université)
released together with the paper `CamemBERT: a Tasty French Language Model <https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03894>`_ by
Louis Martin, Benjamin Muller, Pedro Javier Ortiz Suarez, Yoann Dupont, Laurent Romary, Eric Villemonte de la
Clergerie, Djame Seddah, and Benoît Sagot.
11. `ALBERT <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`_ (from Google Research), released together with the paper
`ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations <https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942>`_
by Zhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel, Piyush Sharma, and Radu Soricut.
12. `T5 <https://github.com/google-research/text-to-text-transfer-transformer>`_ (from Google) released with the paper
`Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer
<https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683>`_ by Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang,
Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, and Peter J. Liu.
13. `XLM-RoBERTa <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/xlmr>`_ (from Facebook AI), released together
with the paper `Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale <https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.02116>`_ by
Alexis Conneau, Kartikay Khandelwal, Naman Goyal, Vishrav Chaudhary, Guillaume Wenzek, Francisco Guzmán, Edouard
Grave, Myle Ott, Luke Zettlemoyer, and Veselin Stoyanov.
14. `MMBT <https://github.com/facebookresearch/mmbt/>`_ (from Facebook), released together with the paper a `Supervised
Multimodal Bitransformers for Classifying Images and Text <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.02950.pdf>`_ by Douwe Kiela,
Suvrat Bhooshan, Hamed Firooz, and Davide Testuggine.
15. `FlauBERT <https://github.com/getalp/Flaubert>`_ (from CNRS) released with the paper `FlauBERT: Unsupervised
Language Model Pre-training for French <https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.05372>`_ by Hang Le, Loïc Vial, Jibril Frej,
Vincent Segonne, Maximin Coavoux, Benjamin Lecouteux, Alexandre Allauzen, Benoît Crabbé, Laurent Besacier, and
Didier Schwab.
16. `BART <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/bart>`_ (from Facebook) released with the paper
`BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension
<https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.13461.pdf>`_ by Mike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad, Abdelrahman
Mohamed, Omer Levy, Ves Stoyanov, and Luke Zettlemoyer.
17. `ELECTRA <https://github.com/google-research/electra>`_ (from Google Research/Stanford University) released with
the paper `ELECTRA: Pre-training text encoders as discriminators rather than generators
<https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.10555>`_ by Kevin Clark, Minh-Thang Luong, Quoc V. Le, and Christopher D. Manning.
18. `DialoGPT <https://github.com/microsoft/DialoGPT>`_ (from Microsoft Research) released with the paper `DialoGPT:
Large-Scale Generative Pre-training for Conversational Response Generation <https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00536>`_ by
Yizhe Zhang, Siqi Sun, Michel Galley, Yen-Chun Chen, Chris Brockett, Xiang Gao, Jianfeng Gao, Jingjing Liu,
and Bill Dolan.
19. `Reformer <https://github.com/google/trax/tree/master/trax/models/reformer>`_ (from Google Research) released with
the paper `Reformer: The Efficient Transformer <https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04451>`_ by Nikita Kitaev, Łukasz
Kaiser, and Anselm Levskaya.
20. `MarianMT <https://marian-nmt.github.io/>`_ (developed by the Microsoft Translator Team) machine translation models
trained using `OPUS <http://opus.nlpl.eu/>`_ pretrained_models data by Jörg Tiedemann.
21. `Longformer <https://github.com/allenai/longformer>`_ (from AllenAI) released with the paper `Longformer: The
Long-Document Transformer <https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05150>`_ by Iz Beltagy, Matthew E. Peters, and Arman Cohan.
22. `Other community models <https://huggingface.co/models>`_, contributed by the `community
<https://huggingface.co/users>`_.
1. `BERT <https://github.com/google-research/bert>`_ (from Google) released with the paper `BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding <https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805>`_ by Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee and Kristina Toutanova.
2. `GPT <https://github.com/openai/finetune-transformer-lm>`_ (from OpenAI) released with the paper `Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training <https://blog.openai.com/language-unsupervised>`_ by Alec Radford, Karthik Narasimhan, Tim Salimans and Ilya Sutskever.
3. `GPT-2 <https://blog.openai.com/better-language-models>`_ (from OpenAI) released with the paper `Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners <https://blog.openai.com/better-language-models>`_ by Alec Radford*, Jeffrey Wu*, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei** and Ilya Sutskever**.
4. `Transformer-XL <https://github.com/kimiyoung/transformer-xl>`_ (from Google/CMU) released with the paper `Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Context <https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.02860>`_ by Zihang Dai*, Zhilin Yang*, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Quoc V. Le, Ruslan Salakhutdinov.
5. `XLNet <https://github.com/zihangdai/xlnet>`_ (from Google/CMU) released with the paper `​XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding <https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08237>`_ by Zhilin Yang*, Zihang Dai*, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Quoc V. Le.
6. `XLM <https://github.com/facebookresearch/XLM>`_ (from Facebook) released together with the paper `Cross-lingual Language Model Pretraining <https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07291>`_ by Guillaume Lample and Alexis Conneau.
7. `RoBERTa <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta>`_ (from Facebook), released together with the paper a `Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach <https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692>`_ by Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer, Veselin Stoyanov.
8. `DistilBERT <https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/distilbert.html>`_ (from HuggingFace) released together with the paper `DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter <https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01108>`_ by Victor Sanh, Lysandre Debut and Thomas Wolf. The same method has been applied to compress GPT2 into `DistilGPT2 <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`_.
9. `CTRL <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/ctrl>`_ (from Salesforce), released together with the paper `CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generation <https://www.github.com/salesforce/ctrl>`_ by Nitish Shirish Keskar*, Bryan McCann*, Lav R. Varshney, Caiming Xiong and Richard Socher.
10. `CamemBERT <https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/camembert.html>`_ (from FAIR, Inria, Sorbonne Université) released together with the paper `CamemBERT: a Tasty French Language Model <https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03894>`_ by Louis Martin, Benjamin Muller, Pedro Javier Ortiz Suarez, Yoann Dupont, Laurent Romary, Eric Villemonte de la Clergerie, Djame Seddah, and Benoît Sagot.
11. `ALBERT <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/albert>`_ (from Google Research), released together with the paper a `ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations <https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942>`_ by Zhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel, Piyush Sharma, Radu Soricut.
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
:caption: Get started
:caption: Notes
quicktour
installation
philosophy
glossary
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
:caption: Using 🤗 Transformers
task_summary
model_summary
training
preprocessing
serialization
model_sharing
multilingual
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
:caption: Advanced guides
quickstart
pretrained_models
examples
notebooks
serialization
converting_tensorflow_models
migration
bertology
torchscript
contributing
multilingual
benchmarks
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
:caption: Research
:caption: Main classes
bertology
benchmarks
main_classes/configuration
main_classes/model
main_classes/tokenizer
main_classes/optimizer_schedules
main_classes/processors
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 2
:caption: Package Reference
main_classes/configuration
main_classes/model
main_classes/tokenizer
main_classes/pipelines
main_classes/optimizer_schedules
main_classes/processors
model_doc/auto
model_doc/encoderdecoder
model_doc/bert
model_doc/gpt
model_doc/transformerxl
@@ -187,14 +94,3 @@ conversion utilities for the following models:
model_doc/ctrl
model_doc/camembert
model_doc/albert
model_doc/xlmroberta
model_doc/flaubert
model_doc/bart
model_doc/t5
model_doc/electra
model_doc/dialogpt
model_doc/reformer
model_doc/marian
model_doc/longformer
model_doc/retribert
model_doc/mobilebert
+29 -73
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@@ -1,102 +1,58 @@
# Installation
🤗 Transformers is tested on Python 3.6+, and PyTorch 1.1.0+ or TensorFlow 2.0+.
Transformers is tested on Python 2.7 and 3.5+ (examples are tested only on python 3.5+) and PyTorch 1.1.0
You should install 🤗 Transformers in a [virtual environment](https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html). If you're
unfamiliar with Python virtual environments, check out the [user guide](https://packaging.python.org/guides/installing-using-pip-and-virtual-environments/). Create a virtual environment with the version of Python you're going
to use and activate it.
## With pip
Now, if you want to use 🤗 Transformers, you can install it with pip. If you'd like to play with the examples, you
must install it from source.
PyTorch Transformers can be installed using pip as follows:
## Installation with pip
First you need to install one of, or both, TensorFlow 2.0 and PyTorch.
Please refer to [TensorFlow installation page](https://www.tensorflow.org/install/pip#tensorflow-2.0-rc-is-available)
and/or [PyTorch installation page](https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/#start-locally) regarding the specific
install command for your platform.
When TensorFlow 2.0 and/or PyTorch has been installed, 🤗 Transformers can be installed using pip as follows:
```bash
``` bash
pip install transformers
```
Alternatively, for CPU-support only, you can install 🤗 Transformers and PyTorch in one line with
## From source
```bash
pip install transformers[torch]
```
or 🤗 Transformers and TensorFlow 2.0 in one line with
```bash
pip install transformers[tf-cpu]
```
To check 🤗 Transformers is properly installed, run the following command:
```bash
python -c "from transformers import pipeline; print(pipeline('sentiment-analysis')('I hate you'))"
```
It should download a pretrained model then print something like
```bash
[{'label': 'NEGATIVE', 'score': 0.9991129040718079}]
```
(Note that TensorFlow will print additional stuff before that last statement.)
## Installing from source
To install from source, clone the repository and install with the following commands:
To install from source, clone the repository and install with:
``` bash
git clone https://github.com/huggingface/transformers.git
cd transformers
pip install -e .
pip install [--editable] .
```
Again, you can run
## Tests
```bash
python -c "from transformers import pipeline; print(pipeline('sentiment-analysis')('I hate you'))"
An extensive test suite is included to test the library behavior and several examples. Library tests can be found in the [tests folder](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/transformers/tests) and examples tests in the [examples folder](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples).
Tests can be run using `pytest` (install pytest if needed with `pip install pytest`).
Run all the tests from the root of the cloned repository with the commands:
``` bash
python -m pytest -sv ./transformers/tests/
python -m pytest -sv ./examples/
```
to check 🤗 Transformers is properly installed.
## OpenAI GPT original tokenization workflow
## Caching models
If you want to reproduce the original tokenization process of the `OpenAI GPT` paper, you will need to install `ftfy` (use version 4.4.3 if you are using Python 2) and `SpaCy`:
This library provides pretrained models that will be downloaded and cached locally. Unless you specify a location with
`cache_dir=...` when you use methods like `from_pretrained`, these models will automatically be downloaded in the
folder given by the shell environment variable ``TRANSFORMERS_CACHE``. The default value for it will be the PyTorch
cache home followed by ``/transformers/`` (even if you don't have PyTorch installed). This is (by order of priority):
``` bash
pip install spacy ftfy==4.4.3
python -m spacy download en
```
* shell environment variable ``ENV_TORCH_HOME``
* shell environment variable ``ENV_XDG_CACHE_HOME`` + ``/torch/``
* default: ``~/.cache/torch/``
If you don't install `ftfy` and `SpaCy`, the `OpenAI GPT` tokenizer will default to tokenize using BERT's `BasicTokenizer` followed by Byte-Pair Encoding (which should be fine for most usage, don't worry).
So if you don't have any specific environment variable set, the cache directory will be at
``~/.cache/torch/transformers/``.
## Note on model downloads (Continuous Integration or large-scale deployments)
**Note:** If you have set a shell enviromnent variable for one of the predecessors of this library
(``PYTORCH_TRANSFORMERS_CACHE`` or ``PYTORCH_PRETRAINED_BERT_CACHE``), those will be used if there is no shell
enviromnent variable for ``TRANSFORMERS_CACHE``.
### Note on model downloads (Continuous Integration or large-scale deployments)
If you expect to be downloading large volumes of models (more than 1,000) from our hosted bucket (for instance through
your CI setup, or a large-scale production deployment), please cache the model files on your end. It will be way
faster, and cheaper. Feel free to contact us privately if you need any help.
If you expect to be downloading large volumes of models (more than 1,000) from our hosted bucket (for instance through your CI setup, or a large-scale production deployment), please cache the model files on your end. It will be way faster, and cheaper. Feel free to contact us privately if you need any help.
## Do you want to run a Transformer model on a mobile device?
You should check out our [swift-coreml-transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/swift-coreml-transformers) repo.
It contains a set of tools to convert PyTorch or TensorFlow 2.0 trained Transformer models (currently contains `GPT-2`,
`DistilGPT-2`, `BERT`, and `DistilBERT`) to CoreML models that run on iOS devices.
It contains a set of tools to convert PyTorch or TensorFlow 2.0 trained Transformer models (currently contains `GPT-2`, `DistilGPT-2`, `BERT`, and `DistilBERT`) to CoreML models that run on iOS devices.
At some point in the future, you'll be able to seamlessly move from pre-training or fine-tuning models in PyTorch or
TensorFlow 2.0 to productizing them in CoreML, or prototype a model or an app in CoreML then research its
hyperparameters or architecture from PyTorch or TensorFlow 2.0. Super exciting!
At some point in the future, you'll be able to seamlessly move from pre-training or fine-tuning models in PyTorch to productizing them in CoreML,
or prototype a model or an app in CoreML then research its hyperparameters or architecture from PyTorch. Super exciting!
-6
View File
@@ -14,12 +14,6 @@ The base class ``PreTrainedModel`` implements the common methods for loading/sav
.. autoclass:: transformers.PreTrainedModel
:members:
``Helper Functions``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autofunction:: transformers.apply_chunking_to_forward
``TFPreTrainedModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ The ``.optimization`` module provides:
- an optimizer with weight decay fixed that can be used to fine-tuned models, and
- several schedules in the form of schedule objects that inherit from ``_LRSchedule``:
- a gradient accumulation class to accumulate the gradients of multiple batches
``AdamW``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -13,18 +12,12 @@ The ``.optimization`` module provides:
.. autoclass:: transformers.AdamW
:members:
``AdamWeightDecay``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AdamWeightDecay
.. autofunction:: transformers.create_optimizer
Schedules
----------------------------------------------------
Learning Rate Schedules
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. autofunction:: transformers.get_constant_schedule
@@ -36,6 +29,7 @@ Learning Rate Schedules
.. autofunction:: transformers.get_cosine_schedule_with_warmup
:members:
.. image:: /imgs/warmup_cosine_schedule.png
:target: /imgs/warmup_cosine_schedule.png
@@ -55,17 +49,3 @@ Learning Rate Schedules
.. image:: /imgs/warmup_linear_schedule.png
:target: /imgs/warmup_linear_schedule.png
:alt:
``Warmup``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.WarmUp
:members:
Gradient Strategies
----------------------------------------------------
``GradientAccumulator``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.GradientAccumulator
-73
View File
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
Pipelines
----------------------------------------------------
The pipelines are a great and easy way to use models for inference. These pipelines are objects that abstract most
of the complex code from the library, offering a simple API dedicated to several tasks, including Named Entity
Recognition, Masked Language Modeling, Sentiment Analysis, Feature Extraction and Question Answering.
There are two categories of pipeline abstractions to be aware about:
- The :func:`~transformers.pipeline` which is the most powerful object encapsulating all other pipelines
- The other task-specific pipelines, such as :class:`~transformers.TokenClassificationPipeline`
or :class:`~transformers.QuestionAnsweringPipeline`
The pipeline abstraction
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The `pipeline` abstraction is a wrapper around all the other available pipelines. It is instantiated as any
other pipeline but requires an additional argument which is the `task`.
.. autofunction:: transformers.pipeline
The task specific pipelines
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Parent class: Pipeline
=========================================
.. autoclass:: transformers.Pipeline
:members: predict, transform, save_pretrained
TokenClassificationPipeline
==========================================
.. autoclass:: transformers.TokenClassificationPipeline
NerPipeline
==========================================
This class is an alias of the :class:`~transformers.TokenClassificationPipeline` defined above. Please refer to that pipeline for
documentation and usage examples.
FillMaskPipeline
==========================================
.. autoclass:: transformers.FillMaskPipeline
FeatureExtractionPipeline
==========================================
.. autoclass:: transformers.FeatureExtractionPipeline
TextClassificationPipeline
==========================================
.. autoclass:: transformers.TextClassificationPipeline
QuestionAnsweringPipeline
==========================================
.. autoclass:: transformers.QuestionAnsweringPipeline
SummarizationPipeline
==========================================
.. autoclass:: transformers.SummarizationPipeline
TextGenerationPipeline
==========================================
.. autoclass:: transformers.TextGenerationPipeline
+5 -77
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@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ Additionally, the following method can be used to load values from a data file
Example usage
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
An example using these processors is given in the `run_glue.py <https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-transformers/blob/master/examples/text-classification/run_glue.py>`__ script.
An example using these processors is given in the
`run_glue.py <https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-transformers/blob/master/examples/run_glue.py>`__ script.
XNLI
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ XNLI
`The Cross-Lingual NLI Corpus (XNLI) <https://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/xnli/>`__ is a benchmark that evaluates
the quality of cross-lingual text representations.
XNLI is crowd-sourced dataset based on `MultiNLI <http://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/multinli/>`: pairs of text are labeled with textual entailment
annotations for 15 different languages (including both high-resource language such as English and low-resource languages such as Swahili).
annotations for 15 different languages (including both high-ressource language such as English and low-ressource languages such as Swahili).
It was released together with the paper
`XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representations <https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.05053>`__
@@ -73,81 +74,8 @@ This library hosts the processor to load the XNLI data:
Please note that since the gold labels are available on the test set, evaluation is performed on the test set.
An example using these processors is given in the
`run_xnli.py <https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-transformers/blob/master/examples/text-classification/run_xnli.py>`__ script.
SQuAD
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
`The Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) <https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer//>`__ is a benchmark that evaluates
the performance of models on question answering. Two versions are available, v1.1 and v2.0. The first version (v1.1) was released together with the paper
`SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text <https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.05250>`__. The second version (v2.0) was released alongside
the paper `Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuAD <https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03822>`__.
This library hosts a processor for each of the two versions:
Processors
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Those processors are:
- :class:`~transformers.data.processors.utils.SquadV1Processor`
- :class:`~transformers.data.processors.utils.SquadV2Processor`
They both inherit from the abstract class :class:`~transformers.data.processors.utils.SquadProcessor`
.. autoclass:: transformers.data.processors.squad.SquadProcessor
:members:
Additionally, the following method can be used to convert SQuAD examples into :class:`~transformers.data.processors.utils.SquadFeatures`
that can be used as model inputs.
.. automethod:: transformers.data.processors.squad.squad_convert_examples_to_features
These processors as well as the aforementionned method can be used with files containing the data as well as with the `tensorflow_datasets` package.
Examples are given below.
Example usage
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Here is an example using the processors as well as the conversion method using data files:
Example::
# Loading a V2 processor
processor = SquadV2Processor()
examples = processor.get_dev_examples(squad_v2_data_dir)
# Loading a V1 processor
processor = SquadV1Processor()
examples = processor.get_dev_examples(squad_v1_data_dir)
features = squad_convert_examples_to_features(
examples=examples,
tokenizer=tokenizer,
max_seq_length=max_seq_length,
doc_stride=args.doc_stride,
max_query_length=max_query_length,
is_training=not evaluate,
)
Using `tensorflow_datasets` is as easy as using a data file:
Example::
# tensorflow_datasets only handle Squad V1.
tfds_examples = tfds.load("squad")
examples = SquadV1Processor().get_examples_from_dataset(tfds_examples, evaluate=evaluate)
features = squad_convert_examples_to_features(
examples=examples,
tokenizer=tokenizer,
max_seq_length=max_seq_length,
doc_stride=args.doc_stride,
max_query_length=max_query_length,
is_training=not evaluate,
)
Another example using these processors is given in the
`run_squad.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/question-answering/run_squad.py>`__ script.
An example using these processors is given in the
`run_xnli.py <https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-transformers/blob/master/examples/run_xnli.py>`__ script.
+4 -28
View File
@@ -1,40 +1,16 @@
Tokenizer
----------------------------------------------------
A tokenizer is in charge of preparing the inputs for a model. The library comprise tokenizers for all the models. Most of the tokenizers are available in two flavors: a full python implementation and a "Fast" implementation based on the Rust library `tokenizers`. The "Fast" implementations allows (1) a significant speed-up in particular when doing batched tokenization and (2) additional methods to map between the original string (character and words) and the token space (e.g. getting the index of the token comprising a given character or the span of characters corresponding to a given token). Currently no "Fast" implementation is available for the SentencePiece-based tokenizers (for T5, ALBERT, CamemBERT, XLMRoBERTa and XLNet models).
The base class ``PreTrainedTokenizer`` implements the common methods for loading/saving a tokenizer either from a local file or directory, or from a pretrained tokenizer provided by the library (downloaded from HuggingFace's AWS S3 repository).
The base classes ``PreTrainedTokenizer`` and ``PreTrainedTokenizerFast`` implements the common methods for encoding string inputs in model inputs (see below) and instantiating/saving python and "Fast" tokenizers either from a local file or directory or from a pretrained tokenizer provided by the library (downloaded from HuggingFace's AWS S3 repository).
``PreTrainedTokenizer`` is the main entry point into tokenizers as it also implements the main methods for using all the tokenizers:
``PreTrainedTokenizer`` and ``PreTrainedTokenizerFast`` thus implements the main methods for using all the tokenizers:
- tokenizing (spliting strings in sub-word token strings), converting tokens strings to ids and back, and encoding/decoding (i.e. tokenizing + convert to integers),
- tokenizing, converting tokens to ids and back and encoding/decoding,
- adding new tokens to the vocabulary in a way that is independant of the underlying structure (BPE, SentencePiece...),
- managing special tokens like mask, beginning-of-sentence, etc tokens (adding them, assigning them to attributes in the tokenizer for easy access and making sure they are not split during tokenization)
``BatchEncoding`` holds the output of the tokenizer's encoding methods (``encode_plus`` and ``batch_encode_plus``) and is derived from a Python dictionary. When the tokenizer is a pure python tokenizer, this class behave just like a standard python dictionary and hold the various model inputs computed by these methodes (``input_ids``, ``attention_mask``...). When the tokenizer is a "Fast" tokenizer (i.e. backed by HuggingFace tokenizers library), this class provides in addition several advanced alignement methods which can be used to map between the original string (character and words) and the token space (e.g. getting the index of the token comprising a given character or the span of characters corresponding to a given token).
- managing special tokens (adding them, assigning them to roles, making sure they are not split during tokenization)
``PreTrainedTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer
:special-members: __call__
:members:
``PreTrainedTokenizerFast``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast
:special-members: __call__
:members:
``BatchEncoding``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BatchEncoding
:members:
``SpecialTokensMixin``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.SpecialTokensMixin
:members:
+8 -21
View File
@@ -1,30 +1,17 @@
# Migrating from previous packages
# Migrating from pytorch-pretrained-bert
## Migrating from pytorch-transformers to 🤗 Transformers
Here is a quick summary of what you should take care of when migrating from `pytorch-transformers` to 🤗 Transformers.
### Positional order of some models' keywords inputs (`attention_mask`, `token_type_ids`...) changed
To be able to use Torchscript (see #1010, #1204 and #1195) the specific order of some models **keywords inputs** (`attention_mask`, `token_type_ids`...) has been changed.
If you used to call the models with keyword names for keyword arguments, e.g. `model(inputs_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask, token_type_ids=token_type_ids)`, this should not cause any change.
If you used to call the models with positional inputs for keyword arguments, e.g. `model(inputs_ids, attention_mask, token_type_ids)`, you may have to double check the exact order of input arguments.
## Migrating from pytorch-pretrained-bert
Here is a quick summary of what you should take care of when migrating from `pytorch-pretrained-bert` to 🤗 Transformers
Here is a quick summary of what you should take care of when migrating from `pytorch-pretrained-bert` to `transformers`
### Models always output `tuples`
The main breaking change when migrating from `pytorch-pretrained-bert` to 🤗 Transformers is that the models forward method always outputs a `tuple` with various elements depending on the model and the configuration parameters.
The main breaking change when migrating from `pytorch-pretrained-bert` to `transformers` is that the models forward method always outputs a `tuple` with various elements depending on the model and the configuration parameters.
The exact content of the tuples for each model are detailled in the models' docstrings and the [documentation](https://huggingface.co/transformers/).
In pretty much every case, you will be fine by taking the first element of the output as the output you previously used in `pytorch-pretrained-bert`.
Here is a `pytorch-pretrained-bert` to 🤗 Transformers conversion example for a `BertForSequenceClassification` classification model:
Here is a `pytorch-pretrained-bert` to `transformers` conversion example for a `BertForSequenceClassification` classification model:
```python
# Let's load our model
@@ -33,14 +20,14 @@ model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
# If you used to have this line in pytorch-pretrained-bert:
loss = model(input_ids, labels=labels)
# Now just use this line in 🤗 Transformers to extract the loss from the output tuple:
# Now just use this line in transformers to extract the loss from the output tuple:
outputs = model(input_ids, labels=labels)
loss = outputs[0]
# In 🤗 Transformers you can also have access to the logits:
# In transformers you can also have access to the logits:
loss, logits = outputs[:2]
# And even the attention weights if you configure the model to output them (and other outputs too, see the docstrings and documentation)
# And even the attention weigths if you configure the model to output them (and other outputs too, see the docstrings and documentation)
model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased', output_attentions=True)
outputs = model(input_ids, labels=labels)
loss, logits, attentions = outputs
@@ -109,7 +96,7 @@ for batch in train_data:
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
### In 🤗 Transformers, optimizer and schedules are splitted and instantiated like this:
### In Transformers, optimizer and schedules are splitted and instantiated like this:
optimizer = AdamW(model.parameters(), lr=lr, correct_bias=False) # To reproduce BertAdam specific behavior set correct_bias=False
scheduler = get_linear_schedule_with_warmup(optimizer, num_warmup_steps=num_warmup_steps, num_training_steps=num_training_steps) # PyTorch scheduler
### and used like this:
+11 -78
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@@ -1,131 +1,64 @@
ALBERT
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The ALBERT model was proposed in `ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations <https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942>`_
by Zhenzhong Lan, Mingda Chen, Sebastian Goodman, Kevin Gimpel, Piyush Sharma, Radu Soricut. It presents
two parameter-reduction techniques to lower memory consumption and increase the training speed of BERT:
- Splitting the embedding matrix into two smaller matrices
- Using repeating layers split among groups
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Increasing model size when pretraining natural language representations often results in improved performance on
downstream tasks. However, at some point further model increases become harder due to GPU/TPU memory limitations,
longer training times, and unexpected model degradation. To address these problems, we present two parameter-reduction
techniques to lower memory consumption and increase the training speed of BERT. Comprehensive empirical evidence shows
that our proposed methods lead to models that scale much better compared to the original BERT. We also use a
self-supervised loss that focuses on modeling inter-sentence coherence, and show it consistently helps downstream
tasks with multi-sentence inputs. As a result, our best model establishes new state-of-the-art results on the GLUE,
RACE, and SQuAD benchmarks while having fewer parameters compared to BERT-large.*
Tips:
- ALBERT is a model with absolute position embeddings so it's usually advised to pad the inputs on
the right rather than the left.
- ALBERT uses repeating layers which results in a small memory footprint, however the computational cost remains
similar to a BERT-like architecture with the same number of hidden layers as it has to iterate through the same
number of (repeating) layers.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`_.
AlbertConfig
``AlbrtConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AlbertConfig
:members:
AlbertTokenizer
``AlbertTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AlbertTokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
:members:
AlbertModel
``AlbertModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AlbertModel
:members:
AlbertForMaskedLM
``AlbertForMaskedLM``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AlbertForMaskedLM
:members:
AlbertForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``AlbertForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AlbertForSequenceClassification
:members:
AlbertForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AlbertForMultipleChoice
:members:
AlbertForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AlbertForTokenClassification
:members:
AlbertForQuestionAnswering
``AlbertForQuestionAnswering``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AlbertForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFAlbertModel
``TFAlbertModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAlbertModel
:members:
TFAlbertForMaskedLM
``TFAlbertForMaskedLM``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAlbertForMaskedLM
:members:
TFAlbertForSequenceClassification
``TFAlbertForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAlbertForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFAlbertForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAlbertForMultipleChoice
:members:
TFAlbertForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAlbertForTokenClassification
:members:
TFAlbertForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAlbertForQuestionAnswering
:members:
+6 -86
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@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
AutoModels
-----------
In many cases, the architecture you want to use can be guessed from the name or the path of the pretrained model you
are supplying to the ``from_pretrained`` method.
In many cases, the architecture you want to use can be guessed from the name or the path of the pretrained model you are supplying to the ``from_pretrained`` method.
AutoClasses are here to do this job for you so that you automatically retrieve the relevant model given the name/path
to the pretrained weights/config/vocabulary:
AutoClasses are here to do this job for you so that you automatically retreive the relevant model given the name/path to the pretrained weights/config/vocabulary:
Instantiating one of ``AutoModel``, ``AutoConfig`` and ``AutoTokenizer`` will directly create a class of the relevant
architecture (ex: ``model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-cased')`` will create a instance of
:class:`~transformers.BertModel`).
Instantiating one of ``AutoModel``, ``AutoConfig`` and ``AutoTokenizer`` will directly create a class of the relevant architecture (ex: ``model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-cased')`` will create a instance of ``BertModel``).
``AutoConfig``
@@ -19,13 +15,6 @@ architecture (ex: ``model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-cased')`` will
:members:
``AutoTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AutoTokenizer
:members:
``AutoModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -33,77 +22,8 @@ architecture (ex: ``model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-cased')`` will
:members:
``AutoModelForPreTraining``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``AutoTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AutoModelForPreTraining
:members:
``AutoModelWithLMHead``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AutoModelWithLMHead
:members:
``AutoModelForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AutoModelForSequenceClassification
:members:
``AutoModelForQuestionAnswering``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AutoModelForQuestionAnswering
:members:
``AutoModelForTokenClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.AutoModelForTokenClassification
:members:
``TFAutoModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAutoModel
:members:
``TFAutoModelForPreTraining``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAutoModelForPreTraining
:members:
``TFAutoModelWithLMHead``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAutoModelWithLMHead
:members:
``TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification
:members:
``TFAutoModelForQuestionAnswering``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAutoModelForQuestionAnswering
:members:
``TFAutoModelForTokenClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFAutoModelForTokenClassification
.. autoclass:: transformers.AutoTokenizer
:members:
-71
View File
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
Bart
----------------------------------------------------
**DISCLAIMER:** If you see something strange,
file a `Github Issue <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/new?assignees=&labels=&template=bug-report.md&title>`__ and assign
@sshleifer
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Bart model was `proposed <https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13461>`_ by Mike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal, Marjan Ghazvininejad, Abdelrahman Mohamed, Omer Levy, Ves Stoyanov and Luke Zettlemoyer on 29 Oct, 2019.
According to the abstract,
- Bart uses a standard seq2seq/machine translation architecture with a bidirectional encoder (like BERT) and a left-to-right decoder (like GPT).
- The pretraining task involves randomly shuffling the order of the original sentences and a novel in-filling scheme, where spans of text are replaced with a single mask token.
- BART is particularly effective when fine tuned for text generation but also works well for comprehension tasks. It matches the performance of RoBERTa with comparable training resources on GLUE and SQuAD, achieves new state-of-the-art results on a range of abstractive dialogue, question answering, and summarization tasks, with gains of up to 6 ROUGE.
The Authors' code can be found `here <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/bart>`_
Implementation Notes:
- Bart doesn't use :obj:`token_type_ids` for sequence classification. Use BartTokenizer.encode to get the proper splitting.
- The forward pass of ``BartModel`` will create decoder inputs (using the helper function ``transformers.modeling_bart._prepare_bart_decoder_inputs``) if they are not passed. This is different than some other modeling APIs.
- Model predictions are intended to be identical to the original implementation. This only works, however, if the string you pass to ``fairseq.encode`` starts with a space.
- ``BartForConditionalGeneration.generate`` should be used for conditional generation tasks like summarization, see the example in that docstrings
- Models that load the ``"facebook/bart-large-cnn"`` weights will not have a ``mask_token_id``, or be able to perform mask filling tasks.
BartConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BartConfig
:members:
BartTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BartTokenizer
:members:
BartModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BartModel
:members: forward
.. autofunction:: transformers.modeling_bart._prepare_bart_decoder_inputs
BartForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BartForSequenceClassification
:members: forward
BartForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BartForQuestionAnswering
:members: forward
BartForConditionalGeneration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BartForConditionalGeneration
:members: generate, forward
+18 -62
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@@ -1,170 +1,126 @@
BERT
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The BERT model was proposed in `BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding <https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805>`__
by Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee and Kristina Toutanova. It's a bidirectional transformer
pre-trained using a combination of masked language modeling objective and next sentence prediction
on a large corpus comprising the Toronto Book Corpus and Wikipedia.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*We introduce a new language representation model called BERT, which stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations
from Transformers. Unlike recent language representation models, BERT is designed to pre-train deep bidirectional
representations from unlabeled text by jointly conditioning on both left and right context in all layers. As a result,
the pre-trained BERT model can be fine-tuned with just one additional output layer to create state-of-the-art models
for a wide range of tasks, such as question answering and language inference, without substantial task-specific
architecture modifications.*
*BERT is conceptually simple and empirically powerful. It obtains new state-of-the-art results on eleven natural
language processing tasks, including pushing the GLUE score to 80.5% (7.7% point absolute improvement), MultiNLI
accuracy to 86.7% (4.6% absolute improvement), SQuAD v1.1 question answering Test F1 to 93.2 (1.5 point absolute
improvement) and SQuAD v2.0 Test F1 to 83.1 (5.1 point absolute improvement).*
Tips:
- BERT is a model with absolute position embeddings so it's usually advised to pad the inputs on
the right rather than the left.
- BERT was trained with a masked language modeling (MLM) objective. It is therefore efficient at predicting masked
tokens and at NLU in general, but is not optimal for text generation. Models trained with a causal language
modeling (CLM) objective are better in that regard.
- Alongside MLM, BERT was trained using a next sentence prediction (NSP) objective using the [CLS] token as a sequence
approximate. The user may use this token (the first token in a sequence built with special tokens) to get a sequence
prediction rather than a token prediction. However, averaging over the sequence may yield better results than using
the [CLS] token.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/google-research/bert>`_.
BertConfig
``BertConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertConfig
:members:
BertTokenizer
``BertTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertTokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
BertTokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertTokenizerFast
:members:
BertModel
``BertModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertModel
:members:
BertForPreTraining
``BertForPreTraining``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertForPreTraining
:members:
BertForMaskedLM
``BertForMaskedLM``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertForMaskedLM
:members:
BertForNextSentencePrediction
``BertForNextSentencePrediction``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertForNextSentencePrediction
:members:
BertForSequenceClassification
``BertForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertForSequenceClassification
:members:
BertForMultipleChoice
``BertForMultipleChoice``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertForMultipleChoice
:members:
BertForTokenClassification
``BertForTokenClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertForTokenClassification
:members:
BertForQuestionAnswering
``BertForQuestionAnswering``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.BertForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFBertModel
``TFBertModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFBertModel
:members:
TFBertForPreTraining
``TFBertForPreTraining``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFBertForPreTraining
:members:
TFBertForMaskedLM
``TFBertForMaskedLM``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFBertForMaskedLM
:members:
TFBertForNextSentencePrediction
``TFBertForNextSentencePrediction``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFBertForNextSentencePrediction
:members:
TFBertForSequenceClassification
``TFBertForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFBertForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFBertForMultipleChoice
``TFBertForMultipleChoice``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFBertForMultipleChoice
:members:
TFBertForTokenClassification
``TFBertForTokenClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFBertForTokenClassification
:members:
TFBertForQuestionAnswering
``TFBertForQuestionAnswering``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFBertForQuestionAnswering
+14 -83
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@@ -1,119 +1,50 @@
CamemBERT
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
``CamembertConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The CamemBERT model was proposed in `CamemBERT: a Tasty French Language Model <https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.03894>`__
by Louis Martin, Benjamin Muller, Pedro Javier Ortiz Suárez, Yoann Dupont, Laurent Romary, Éric Villemonte de la
Clergerie, Djamé Seddah, and Benoît Sagot. It is based on Facebook's RoBERTa model released in 2019. It is a model
trained on 138GB of French text.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Pretrained language models are now ubiquitous in Natural Language Processing. Despite their success,
most available models have either been trained on English data or on the concatenation of data in multiple
languages. This makes practical use of such models --in all languages except English-- very limited. Aiming
to address this issue for French, we release CamemBERT, a French version of the Bi-directional Encoders for
Transformers (BERT). We measure the performance of CamemBERT compared to multilingual models in multiple
downstream tasks, namely part-of-speech tagging, dependency parsing, named-entity recognition, and natural
language inference. CamemBERT improves the state of the art for most of the tasks considered. We release the
pretrained model for CamemBERT hoping to foster research and downstream applications for French NLP.*
Tips:
- This implementation is the same as RoBERTa. Refer to the `documentation of RoBERTa <./roberta.html>`__ for usage
examples as well as the information relative to the inputs and outputs.
The original code can be found `here <https://camembert-model.fr/>`_.
CamembertConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CamembertConfig
:members:
CamembertTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``CamembertTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CamembertTokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
:members:
CamembertModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``CamembertModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CamembertModel
:members:
CamembertForMaskedLM
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``CamembertForMaskedLM``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CamembertForMaskedLM
:members:
CamembertForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``CamembertForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CamembertForSequenceClassification
:members:
CamembertForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``CamembertForMultipleChoice``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CamembertForMultipleChoice
:members:
CamembertForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``CamembertForTokenClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CamembertForTokenClassification
:members:
CamembertForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CamembertForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFCamembertModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFCamembertModel
:members:
TFCamembertForMaskedLM
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFCamembertForMaskedLM
:members:
TFCamembertForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFCamembertForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFCamembertForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFCamembertForTokenClassification
:members:
TFCamembertForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFCamembertForQuestionAnswering
:members:
+10 -41
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@@ -1,78 +1,47 @@
CTRL
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
CTRL model was proposed in `CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generation <https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05858>`_
by Nitish Shirish Keskar*, Bryan McCann*, Lav R. Varshney, Caiming Xiong and Richard Socher.
It's a causal (unidirectional) transformer pre-trained using language modeling on a very large
corpus of ~140 GB of text data with the first token reserved as a control code (such as Links, Books, Wikipedia etc.).
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Large-scale language models show promising text generation capabilities, but users cannot easily control particular
aspects of the generated text. We release CTRL, a 1.63 billion-parameter conditional transformer language model,
trained to condition on control codes that govern style, content, and task-specific behavior. Control codes were
derived from structure that naturally co-occurs with raw text, preserving the advantages of unsupervised learning
while providing more explicit control over text generation. These codes also allow CTRL to predict which parts of
the training data are most likely given a sequence. This provides a potential method for analyzing large amounts
of data via model-based source attribution.*
Tips:
- CTRL makes use of control codes to generate text: it requires generations to be started by certain words, sentences
or links to generate coherent text. Refer to the `original implementation <https://github.com/salesforce/ctrl>`__
for more information.
- CTRL is a model with absolute position embeddings so it's usually advised to pad the inputs on
the right rather than the left.
- CTRL was trained with a causal language modeling (CLM) objective and is therefore powerful at predicting the next
token in a sequence. Leveraging this feature allows CTRL to generate syntactically coherent text as
it can be observed in the `run_generation.py` example script.
- The PyTorch models can take the `past` as input, which is the previously computed key/value attention pairs. Using
this `past` value prevents the model from re-computing pre-computed values in the context of text generation.
See `reusing the past in generative models <../quickstart.html#using-the-past>`_ for more information on the usage
of this argument.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/salesforce/ctrl>`_.
Note: if you fine-tune a CTRL model using the Salesforce code (https://github.com/salesforce/ctrl),
you'll be able to convert from TF to our HuggingFace/Transformers format using the
``convert_tf_to_huggingface_pytorch.py`` script (see `issue #1654 <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/1654>`_).
CTRLConfig
``CTRLConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CTRLConfig
:members:
CTRLTokenizer
``CTRLTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CTRLTokenizer
:members: save_vocabulary
:members:
CTRLModel
``CTRLModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CTRLModel
:members:
CTRLLMHeadModel
``CTRLLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.CTRLLMHeadModel
:members:
TFCTRLModel
``TFCTRLModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFCTRLModel
:members:
TFCTRLLMHeadModel
``TFCTRLLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFCTRLLMHeadModel
-39
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@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
DialoGPT
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
DialoGPT was proposed in
`DialoGPT: Large-Scale Generative Pre-training for Conversational Response Generation <https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00536>`_
by Yizhe Zhang, Siqi Sun, Michel Galley, Yen-Chun Chen, Chris Brockett, Xiang Gao, Jianfeng Gao, Jingjing Liu, Bill Dolan.
It's a GPT2 Model trained on 147M conversation-like exchanges extracted from Reddit.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*We present a large, tunable neural conversational response generation model, DialoGPT (dialogue generative pre-trained transformer).
Trained on 147M conversation-like exchanges extracted from Reddit comment chains over a period spanning from 2005 through 2017, DialoGPT extends the Hugging Face PyTorch transformer to attain a performance close to human both in terms of automatic and human evaluation in single-turn dialogue settings.
We show that conversational systems that leverage DialoGPT generate more relevant, contentful and context-consistent responses than strong baseline systems.
The pre-trained model and training pipeline are publicly released to facilitate research into neural response generation and the development of more intelligent open-domain dialogue systems.*
Tips:
- DialoGPT is a model with absolute position embeddings so it's usually advised to pad the inputs on
the right rather than the left.
- DialoGPT was trained with a causal language modeling (CLM) objective on conversational data and is therefore powerful at response generation in open-domain dialogue systems.
- DialoGPT enables the user to create a chat bot in just 10 lines of code as shown on `DialoGPT's model card <https://huggingface.co/microsoft/DialoGPT-medium>`_.
Training:
In order to train or fine-tune DialoGPT, one can use causal language modeling training.
To cite the official paper:
*We follow the OpenAI GPT-2 to model a multiturn dialogue session
as a long text and frame the generation task as language modeling. We first
concatenate all dialog turns within a dialogue session into a long text
x_1,..., x_N (N is the sequence length), ended by the end-of-text token.*
For more information please confer to the original paper.
DialoGPT's architecture is based on the GPT2 model, so one can refer to GPT2's `docstring <https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/gpt2.html>`_.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/microsoft/DialoGPT>`_.
+10 -79
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@@ -1,138 +1,69 @@
DistilBERT
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The DistilBERT model was proposed in the blog post
`Smaller, faster, cheaper, lighter: Introducing DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT <https://medium.com/huggingface/distilbert-8cf3380435b5>`__,
and the paper `DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter <https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01108>`__.
DistilBERT is a small, fast, cheap and light Transformer model trained by distilling Bert base. It has 40% less
parameters than `bert-base-uncased`, runs 60% faster while preserving over 95% of Bert's performances as measured on
the GLUE language understanding benchmark.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*As Transfer Learning from large-scale pre-trained models becomes more prevalent in Natural Language Processing (NLP),
operating these large models in on-the-edge and/or under constrained computational training or inference budgets
remains challenging. In this work, we propose a method to pre-train a smaller general-purpose language representation
model, called DistilBERT, which can then be fine-tuned with good performances on a wide range of tasks like its larger
counterparts. While most prior work investigated the use of distillation for building task-specific models, we
leverage knowledge distillation during the pre-training phase and show that it is possible to reduce the size of a
BERT model by 40%, while retaining 97% of its language understanding capabilities and being 60% faster. To leverage
the inductive biases learned by larger models during pre-training, we introduce a triple loss combining language
modeling, distillation and cosine-distance losses. Our smaller, faster and lighter model is cheaper to pre-train
and we demonstrate its capabilities for on-device computations in a proof-of-concept experiment and a comparative
on-device study.*
Tips:
- DistilBert doesn't have `token_type_ids`, you don't need to indicate which token belongs to which segment. Just separate your segments with the separation token `tokenizer.sep_token` (or `[SEP]`)
- DistilBert doesn't have options to select the input positions (`position_ids` input). This could be added if necessary though, just let's us know if you need this option.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`_.
DistilBertConfig
``DistilBertConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.DistilBertConfig
:members:
DistilBertTokenizer
``DistilBertTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.DistilBertTokenizer
:members:
DistilBertTokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.DistilBertTokenizerFast
:members:
DistilBertModel
``DistilBertModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.DistilBertModel
:members:
DistilBertForMaskedLM
``DistilBertForMaskedLM``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.DistilBertForMaskedLM
:members:
DistilBertForSequenceClassification
``DistilBertForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.DistilBertForSequenceClassification
:members:
DistilBertForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.DistilBertForMultipleChoice
:members:
DistilBertForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.DistilBertForTokenClassification
:members:
DistilBertForQuestionAnswering
``DistilBertForQuestionAnswering``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.DistilBertForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFDistilBertModel
``TFDistilBertModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFDistilBertModel
:members:
TFDistilBertForMaskedLM
``TFDistilBertForMaskedLM``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFDistilBertForMaskedLM
:members:
TFDistilBertForSequenceClassification
``TFDistilBertForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFDistilBertForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFDistilBertForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFDistilBertForMultipleChoice
:members:
TFDistilBertForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFDistilBertForTokenClassification
:members:
TFDistilBertForQuestionAnswering
``TFDistilBertForQuestionAnswering``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFDistilBertForQuestionAnswering
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@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
ELECTRA
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The ELECTRA model was proposed in the paper.
`ELECTRA: Pre-training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than Generators <https://openreview.net/pdf?id=r1xMH1BtvB>`__.
ELECTRA is a new pre-training approach which trains two transformer models: the generator and the discriminator. The
generator's role is to replace tokens in a sequence, and is therefore trained as a masked language model. The discriminator,
which is the model we're interested in, tries to identify which tokens were replaced by the generator in the sequence.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Masked language modeling (MLM) pre-training methods such as BERT corrupt
the input by replacing some tokens with [MASK] and then train a model to
reconstruct the original tokens. While they produce good results when transferred
to downstream NLP tasks, they generally require large amounts of compute to be
effective. As an alternative, we propose a more sample-efficient pre-training task
called replaced token detection. Instead of masking the input, our approach
corrupts it by replacing some tokens with plausible alternatives sampled from a small
generator network. Then, instead of training a model that predicts the original
identities of the corrupted tokens, we train a discriminative model that predicts
whether each token in the corrupted input was replaced by a generator sample
or not. Thorough experiments demonstrate this new pre-training task is more
efficient than MLM because the task is defined over all input tokens rather than
just the small subset that was masked out. As a result, the contextual representations
learned by our approach substantially outperform the ones learned by BERT
given the same model size, data, and compute. The gains are particularly strong
for small models; for example, we train a model on one GPU for 4 days that
outperforms GPT (trained using 30x more compute) on the GLUE natural language
understanding benchmark. Our approach also works well at scale, where it
performs comparably to RoBERTa and XLNet while using less than 1/4 of their
compute and outperforms them when using the same amount of compute.*
Tips:
- ELECTRA is the pre-training approach, therefore there is nearly no changes done to the underlying model: BERT. The
only change is the separation of the embedding size and the hidden size -> The embedding size is generally smaller,
while the hidden size is larger. An additional projection layer (linear) is used to project the embeddings from
their embedding size to the hidden size. In the case where the embedding size is the same as the hidden size, no
projection layer is used.
- The ELECTRA checkpoints saved using `Google Research's implementation <https://github.com/google-research/electra>`__
contain both the generator and discriminator. The conversion script requires the user to name which model to export
into the correct architecture. Once converted to the HuggingFace format, these checkpoints may be loaded into all
available ELECTRA models, however. This means that the discriminator may be loaded in the `ElectraForMaskedLM` model,
and the generator may be loaded in the `ElectraForPreTraining` model (the classification head will be randomly
initialized as it doesn't exist in the generator).
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/google-research/electra>`_.
ElectraConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ElectraConfig
:members:
ElectraTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ElectraTokenizer
:members:
ElectraTokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ElectraTokenizerFast
:members:
ElectraModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ElectraModel
:members:
ElectraForPreTraining
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ElectraForPreTraining
:members:
ElectraForMaskedLM
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ElectraForMaskedLM
:members:
ElectraForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ElectraForSequenceClassification
:members:
ElectraForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ElectraForTokenClassification
:members:
ElectraForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ElectraForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFElectraModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFElectraModel
:members:
TFElectraForPreTraining
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFElectraForPreTraining
:members:
TFElectraForMaskedLM
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFElectraForMaskedLM
:members:
TFElectraForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFElectraForTokenClassification
:members:
TFElectraForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFElectraForQuestionAnswering
:members:
-23
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@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
Encoder Decoder Models
------------------------
This class can wrap an encoder model, such as ``BertModel`` and a decoder modeling with a language modeling head, such as ``BertForMaskedLM`` into a encoder-decoder model.
The ``EncoderDecoderModel`` class allows to instantiate a encoder decoder model using the ``from_encoder_decoder_pretrain`` class method taking a pretrained encoder and pretrained decoder model as an input.
The ``EncoderDecoderModel`` is saved using the standard ``save_pretrained()`` method and can also again be loaded using the standard ``from_pretrained()`` method.
An application of this architecture could be *summarization* using two pretrained Bert models as is shown in the paper: `Text Summarization with Pretrained Encoders <https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13461>`_ by Yang Liu and Mirella Lapata.
``EncoderDecoderConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.EncoderDecoderConfig
:members:
``EncoderDecoderModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.EncoderDecoderModel
:members:
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@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
FlauBERT
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The FlauBERT model was proposed in the paper
`FlauBERT: Unsupervised Language Model Pre-training for French <https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.05372>`__ by Hang Le et al.
It's a transformer pre-trained using a masked language modeling (MLM) objective (BERT-like).
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Language models have become a key step to achieve state-of-the art results in many different Natural Language
Processing (NLP) tasks. Leveraging the huge amount of unlabeled texts nowadays available, they provide an efficient
way to pre-train continuous word representations that can be fine-tuned for a downstream task, along with their
contextualization at the sentence level. This has been widely demonstrated for English using contextualized
representations (Dai and Le, 2015; Peters et al., 2018; Howard and Ruder, 2018; Radford et al., 2018; Devlin et
al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019b). In this paper, we introduce and share FlauBERT, a model learned on a very large
and heterogeneous French corpus. Models of different sizes are trained using the new CNRS (French National Centre
for Scientific Research) Jean Zay supercomputer. We apply our French language models to diverse NLP tasks (text
classification, paraphrasing, natural language inference, parsing, word sense disambiguation) and show that most
of the time they outperform other pre-training approaches. Different versions of FlauBERT as well as a unified
evaluation protocol for the downstream tasks, called FLUE (French Language Understanding Evaluation), are shared
to the research community for further reproducible experiments in French NLP.*
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/getalp/Flaubert>`_.
FlaubertConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.FlaubertConfig
:members:
FlaubertTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.FlaubertTokenizer
:members:
FlaubertModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.FlaubertModel
:members:
FlaubertWithLMHeadModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.FlaubertWithLMHeadModel
:members:
FlaubertForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.FlaubertForSequenceClassification
:members:
FlaubertForQuestionAnsweringSimple
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.FlaubertForQuestionAnsweringSimple
:members:
FlaubertForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.FlaubertForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFFlaubertModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFFlaubertModel
:members:
TFFlaubertWithLMHeadModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFFlaubertWithLMHeadModel
:members:
TFFlaubertForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFFlaubertForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFFlaubertForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFFlaubertForMultipleChoice
:members:
TFFlaubertForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFFlaubertForTokenClassification
:members:
TFFlaubertForQuestionAnsweringSimple
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFFlaubertForQuestionAnsweringSimple
:members:
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OpenAI GPT
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
OpenAI GPT model was proposed in `Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training <https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/openai-assets/research-covers/language-unsupervised/language_understanding_paper.pdf>`__
by Alec Radford, Karthik Narasimhan, Tim Salimans and Ilya Sutskever. It's a causal (unidirectional)
transformer pre-trained using language modeling on a large corpus will long range dependencies, the Toronto Book Corpus.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Natural language understanding comprises a wide range of diverse tasks such
as textual entailment, question answering, semantic similarity assessment, and
document classification. Although large unlabeled text corpora are abundant,
labeled data for learning these specific tasks is scarce, making it challenging for
discriminatively trained models to perform adequately. We demonstrate that large
gains on these tasks can be realized by generative pre-training of a language model
on a diverse corpus of unlabeled text, followed by discriminative fine-tuning on each
specific task. In contrast to previous approaches, we make use of task-aware input
transformations during fine-tuning to achieve effective transfer while requiring
minimal changes to the model architecture. We demonstrate the effectiveness of
our approach on a wide range of benchmarks for natural language understanding.
Our general task-agnostic model outperforms discriminatively trained models that
use architectures specifically crafted for each task, significantly improving upon the
state of the art in 9 out of the 12 tasks studied.*
Tips:
- GPT is a model with absolute position embeddings so it's usually advised to pad the inputs on
the right rather than the left.
- GPT was trained with a causal language modeling (CLM) objective and is therefore powerful at predicting the next
token in a sequence. Leveraging this feature allows GPT-2 to generate syntactically coherent text as
it can be observed in the `run_generation.py` example script.
`Write With Transformer <https://transformer.huggingface.co/doc/gpt>`__ is a webapp created and hosted by
Hugging Face showcasing the generative capabilities of several models. GPT is one of them.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/openai/finetune-transformer-lm>`_.
Note:
If you want to reproduce the original tokenization process of the `OpenAI GPT` paper, you will need to install
``ftfy`` and ``SpaCy``::
pip install spacy ftfy==4.4.3
python -m spacy download en
If you don't install ``ftfy`` and ``SpaCy``, the :class:`transformers.OpenAIGPTTokenizer` will default to tokenize using
BERT's :obj:`BasicTokenizer` followed by Byte-Pair Encoding (which should be fine for most usage, don't
worry).
OpenAIGPTConfig
``OpenAIGPTConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.OpenAIGPTConfig
:members:
OpenAIGPTTokenizer
``OpenAIGPTTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.OpenAIGPTTokenizer
:members: save_vocabulary
OpenAIGPTTokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.OpenAIGPTTokenizerFast
:members:
OpenAIGPTModel
``OpenAIGPTModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.OpenAIGPTModel
:members:
OpenAIGPTLMHeadModel
``OpenAIGPTLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.OpenAIGPTLMHeadModel
:members:
OpenAIGPTDoubleHeadsModel
``OpenAIGPTDoubleHeadsModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.OpenAIGPTDoubleHeadsModel
:members:
TFOpenAIGPTModel
``TFOpenAIGPTModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFOpenAIGPTModel
:members:
TFOpenAIGPTLMHeadModel
``TFOpenAIGPTLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFOpenAIGPTLMHeadModel
:members:
TFOpenAIGPTDoubleHeadsModel
``TFOpenAIGPTDoubleHeadsModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFOpenAIGPTDoubleHeadsModel
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OpenAI GPT2
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
OpenAI GPT-2 model was proposed in
`Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners <https://cdn.openai.com/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf>`_
by Alec Radford*, Jeffrey Wu*, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei** and Ilya Sutskever**.
It's a causal (unidirectional) transformer pre-trained using language modeling on a very large
corpus of ~40 GB of text data.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*GPT-2 is a large transformer-based language model with 1.5 billion parameters, trained on a dataset[1]
of 8 million web pages. GPT-2 is trained with a simple objective: predict the next word, given all of the previous
words within some text. The diversity of the dataset causes this simple goal to contain naturally occurring
demonstrations of many tasks across diverse domains. GPT-2 is a direct scale-up of GPT, with more than 10X
the parameters and trained on more than 10X the amount of data.*
Tips:
- GPT-2 is a model with absolute position embeddings so it's usually advised to pad the inputs on
the right rather than the left.
- GPT-2 was trained with a causal language modeling (CLM) objective and is therefore powerful at predicting the next
token in a sequence. Leveraging this feature allows GPT-2 to generate syntactically coherent text as
it can be observed in the `run_generation.py` example script.
- The PyTorch models can take the `past` as input, which is the previously computed key/value attention pairs. Using
this `past` value prevents the model from re-computing pre-computed values in the context of text generation.
See `reusing the past in generative models <../quickstart.html#using-the-past>`_ for more information on the usage
of this argument.
`Write With Transformer <https://transformer.huggingface.co/doc/gpt2-large>`__ is a webapp created and hosted by
Hugging Face showcasing the generative capabilities of several models. GPT-2 is one of them and is available in five
different sizes: small, medium, large, xl and a distilled version of the small checkpoint: distilgpt-2.
The original code can be found `here <https://openai.com/blog/better-language-models/>`_.
GPT2Config
``GPT2Config``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.GPT2Config
:members:
GPT2Tokenizer
``GPT2Tokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.GPT2Tokenizer
:members: save_vocabulary
GPT2TokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.GPT2TokenizerFast
:members:
GPT2Model
``GPT2Model``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.GPT2Model
:members:
GPT2LMHeadModel
``GPT2LMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.GPT2LMHeadModel
:members:
GPT2DoubleHeadsModel
``GPT2DoubleHeadsModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.GPT2DoubleHeadsModel
:members:
TFGPT2Model
``TFGPT2Model``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFGPT2Model
:members:
TFGPT2LMHeadModel
``TFGPT2LMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFGPT2LMHeadModel
:members:
TFGPT2DoubleHeadsModel
``TFGPT2DoubleHeadsModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFGPT2DoubleHeadsModel
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Longformer
----------------------------------------------------
**DISCLAIMER:** This model is still a work in progress, if you see something strange,
file a `Github Issue <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/new?assignees=&labels=&template=bug-report.md&title>`_
Overview
~~~~~~~~~
The Longformer model was presented in `Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer <https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.05150.pdf>`_ by Iz Beltagy, Matthew E. Peters, Arman Cohan.
Here the abstract:
*Transformer-based models are unable to process long sequences due to their self-attention operation, which scales quadratically with the sequence length. To address this limitation, we introduce the Longformer with an attention mechanism that scales linearly with sequence length, making it easy to process documents of thousands of tokens or longer. Longformer's attention mechanism is a drop-in replacement for the standard self-attention and combines a local windowed attention with a task motivated global attention. Following prior work on long-sequence transformers, we evaluate Longformer on character-level language modeling and achieve state-of-the-art results on text8 and enwik8. In contrast to most prior work, we also pretrain Longformer and finetune it on a variety of downstream tasks. Our pretrained Longformer consistently outperforms RoBERTa on long document tasks and sets new state-of-the-art results on WikiHop and TriviaQA.*
The Authors' code can be found `here <https://github.com/allenai/longformer>`_ .
Longformer Self Attention
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Longformer self attention employs self attention on both a "local" context and a "global" context.
Most tokens only attend "locally" to each other meaning that each token attends to its :math:`\frac{1}{2} w` previous tokens and :math:`\frac{1}{2} w` succeding tokens with :math:`w` being the window length as defined in `config.attention_window`. Note that `config.attention_window` can be of type ``list`` to define a different :math:`w` for each layer.
A selecetd few tokens attend "globally" to all other tokens, as it is conventionally done for all tokens in *e.g.* `BertSelfAttention`.
Note that "locally" and "globally" attending tokens are projected by different query, key and value matrices.
Also note that every "locally" attending token not only attends to tokens within its window :math:`w`, but also to all "globally" attending tokens so that global attention is *symmetric*.
The user can define which tokens attend "locally" and which tokens attend "globally" by setting the tensor `global_attention_mask` at run-time appropriately. `Longformer` employs the following logic for `global_attention_mask`: `0` - the token attends "locally", `1` - token attends "globally". For more information please also refer to :func:`~transformers.LongformerModel.forward` method.
Using Longformer self attention, the memory and time complexity of the query-key matmul operation, which usually represents the memory and time bottleneck, can be reduced from :math:`\mathcal{O}(n_s \times n_s)` to :math:`\mathcal{O}(n_s \times w)`, with :math:`n_s` being the sequence length and :math:`w` being the average window size. It is assumed that the number of "globally" attending tokens is insignificant as compared to the number of "locally" attending tokens.
For more information, please refer to the official `paper <https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.05150.pdf>`_ .
Training
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``LongformerForMaskedLM`` is trained the exact same way, ``RobertaForMaskedLM`` is trained and
should be used as follows:
::
input_ids = tokenizer.encode('This is a sentence from [MASK] training data', return_tensors='pt')
mlm_labels = tokenizer.encode('This is a sentence from the training data', return_tensors='pt')
loss = model(input_ids, labels=input_ids, masked_lm_labels=mlm_labels)[0]
LongformerConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.LongformerConfig
:members:
LongformerTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.LongformerTokenizer
:members:
LongformerTokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.LongformerTokenizerFast
:members:
LongformerModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.LongformerModel
:members:
LongformerForMaskedLM
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.LongformerForMaskedLM
:members:
LongformerForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.LongformerForSequenceClassification
:members:
LongformerForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.LongformerForMultipleChoice
:members:
LongformerForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.LongformerForTokenClassification
:members:
LongformerForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.LongformerForQuestionAnswering
:members:
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MarianMT
----------------------------------------------------
**DISCLAIMER:** If you see something strange,
file a `Github Issue <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/new?assignees=&labels=&template=bug-report.md&title>`__ and assign
@sshleifer. Translations should be similar, but not identical to, output in the test set linked to in each model card.
Implementation Notes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Each model is about 298 MB on disk, there are 1,000+ models.
- The list of supported language pairs can be found `here <https://huggingface.co/Helsinki-NLP>`__.
- The 1,000+ models were originally trained by `Jörg Tiedemann <https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/persons/j%C3%B6rg-tiedemann>`__ using the `Marian <https://marian-nmt.github.io/>`_ C++ library, which supports fast training and translation.
- All models are transformer encoder-decoders with 6 layers in each component. Each model's performance is documented in a model card.
- The 80 opus models that require BPE preprocessing are not supported.
- The modeling code is the same as ``BartForConditionalGeneration`` with a few minor modifications:
- static (sinusoid) positional embeddings (``MarianConfig.static_position_embeddings=True``)
- a new final_logits_bias (``MarianConfig.add_bias_logits=True``)
- no layernorm_embedding (``MarianConfig.normalize_embedding=False``)
- the model starts generating with pad_token_id (which has 0 token_embedding) as the prefix. (Bart uses <s/>)
- Code to bulk convert models can be found in ``convert_marian_to_pytorch.py``
Naming
~~~~~~
- All model names use the following format: ``Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-{src}-{tgt}``
- The language codes used to name models are inconsistent. Two digit codes can usually be found `here <https://developers.google.com/admin-sdk/directory/v1/languages>`_, three digit codes require googling "language code {code}".
- Codes formatted like ``es_AR`` are usually ``code_{region}``. That one is spanish documents from Argentina.
Multilingual Models
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
All model names use the following format: ``Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-{src}-{tgt}``:
- if ``src`` is in all caps, the model supports multiple input languages, you can figure out which ones by looking at the model card, or the Group Members `mapping <https://gist.github.com/sshleifer/6d20e7761931b08e73c3219027b97b8a>`_ .
- if ``tgt`` is in all caps, the model can output multiple languages, and you should specify a language code by prepending the desired output language to the src_text
- You can see a tokenizer's supported language codes in ``tokenizer.supported_language_codes``
Example of translating english to many romance languages, using language codes:
.. code-block:: python
from transformers import MarianMTModel, MarianTokenizer
src_text = [
'>>fr<< this is a sentence in english that we want to translate to french',
'>>pt<< This should go to portuguese',
'>>es<< And this to Spanish'
]
model_name = 'Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-en-ROMANCE'
tokenizer = MarianTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
print(tokenizer.supported_language_codes)
model = MarianMTModel.from_pretrained(model_name)
translated = model.generate(**tokenizer.prepare_translation_batch(src_text))
tgt_text = [tokenizer.decode(t, skip_special_tokens=True) for t in translated]
# ["c'est une phrase en anglais que nous voulons traduire en français",
# 'Isto deve ir para o português.',
# 'Y esto al español']
Sometimes, models were trained on collections of languages that do not resolve to a group. In this case, _ is used as a separator for src or tgt, as in ``'Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-en_el_es_fi-en_el_es_fi'``. These still require language codes.
There are many supported regional language codes, like ``>>es_ES<<`` (Spain) and ``>>es_AR<<`` (Argentina), that do not seem to change translations. I have not found these to provide different results than just using ``>>es<<``.
For Example:
- ``Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-NORTH_EU-NORTH_EU``: translates from all NORTH_EU languages (see `mapping <https://gist.github.com/sshleifer/6d20e7761931b08e73c3219027b97b8a>`_) to all NORTH_EU languages. Use a special language code like ``>>de<<`` to specify output language.
- ``Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-ROMANCE-en``: translates from many romance languages to english, no codes needed since there is only 1 tgt language.
.. code-block:: python
GROUP_MEMBERS = {
'ZH': ['cmn', 'cn', 'yue', 'ze_zh', 'zh_cn', 'zh_CN', 'zh_HK', 'zh_tw', 'zh_TW', 'zh_yue', 'zhs', 'zht', 'zh'],
'ROMANCE': ['fr', 'fr_BE', 'fr_CA', 'fr_FR', 'wa', 'frp', 'oc', 'ca', 'rm', 'lld', 'fur', 'lij', 'lmo', 'es', 'es_AR', 'es_CL', 'es_CO', 'es_CR', 'es_DO', 'es_EC', 'es_ES', 'es_GT', 'es_HN', 'es_MX', 'es_NI', 'es_PA', 'es_PE', 'es_PR', 'es_SV', 'es_UY', 'es_VE', 'pt', 'pt_br', 'pt_BR', 'pt_PT', 'gl', 'lad', 'an', 'mwl', 'it', 'it_IT', 'co', 'nap', 'scn', 'vec', 'sc', 'ro', 'la'],
'NORTH_EU': ['de', 'nl', 'fy', 'af', 'da', 'fo', 'is', 'no', 'nb', 'nn', 'sv'],
'SCANDINAVIA': ['da', 'fo', 'is', 'no', 'nb', 'nn', 'sv'],
'SAMI': ['se', 'sma', 'smj', 'smn', 'sms'],
'NORWAY': ['nb_NO', 'nb', 'nn_NO', 'nn', 'nog', 'no_nb', 'no'],
'CELTIC': ['ga', 'cy', 'br', 'gd', 'kw', 'gv']
}
Code to see available pretrained models:
.. code-block:: python
from transformers.hf_api import HfApi
model_list = HfApi().model_list()
org = "Helsinki-NLP"
model_ids = [x.modelId for x in model_list if x.modelId.startswith(org)]
suffix = [x.split('/')[1] for x in model_ids]
multi_models = [f'{org}/{s}' for s in suffix if s != s.lower()]
MarianConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MarianConfig
:members:
MarianTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MarianTokenizer
:members: prepare_translation_batch
MarianMTModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Pytorch version of marian-nmt's transformer.h (c++). Designed for the OPUS-NMT translation checkpoints.
Model API is identical to BartForConditionalGeneration.
Available models are listed at `Model List <https://huggingface.co/models?search=Helsinki-NLP>`__
This class inherits all functionality from ``BartForConditionalGeneration``, see that page for method signatures.
.. autoclass:: transformers.MarianMTModel
:members:
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MobileBERT
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The MobileBERT model was proposed in `MobileBERT: a Compact Task-Agnostic BERT
for Resource-Limited Devices <https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.02984>`__
by Zhiqing Sun, Hongkun Yu, Xiaodan Song, Renjie Liu, Yiming Yang, and Denny Zhou. It's a bidirectional transformer
based on the BERT model, which is compressed and accelerated using several approaches.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Natural Language Processing (NLP) has recently achieved great success by using huge pre-trained models with hundreds
of millions of parameters. However, these models suffer from heavy model sizes and high latency such that they cannot
be deployed to resource-limited mobile devices. In this paper, we propose MobileBERT for compressing and accelerating
the popular BERT model. Like the original BERT, MobileBERT is task-agnostic, that is, it can be generically applied
to various downstream NLP tasks via simple fine-tuning. Basically, MobileBERT is a thin version of BERT_LARGE, while
equipped with bottleneck structures and a carefully designed balance between self-attentions and feed-forward
networks. To train MobileBERT, we first train a specially designed teacher model, an inverted-bottleneck incorporated
BERT_LARGE model. Then, we conduct knowledge transfer from this teacher to MobileBERT. Empirical studies show that
MobileBERT is 4.3x smaller and 5.5x faster than BERT_BASE while achieving competitive results on well-known
benchmarks. On the natural language inference tasks of GLUE, MobileBERT achieves a GLUEscore o 77.7
(0.6 lower than BERT_BASE), and 62 ms latency on a Pixel 4 phone. On the SQuAD v1.1/v2.0 question answering task,
MobileBERT achieves a dev F1 score of 90.0/79.2 (1.5/2.1 higher than BERT_BASE).*
Tips:
- MobileBERT is a model with absolute position embeddings so it's usually advised to pad the inputs on
the right rather than the left.
- MobileBERT is similar to BERT and therefore relies on the masked language modeling (MLM) objective.
It is therefore efficient at predicting masked tokens and at NLU in general, but is not optimal for
text generation. Models trained with a causal language modeling (CLM) objective are better in that regard.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/google-research/mobilebert>`_.
MobileBertConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertConfig
:members:
MobileBertTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertTokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
MobileBertTokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertTokenizerFast
:members:
MobileBertModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertModel
:members:
MobileBertForPreTraining
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertForPreTraining
:members:
MobileBertForMaskedLM
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertForMaskedLM
:members:
MobileBertForNextSentencePrediction
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertForNextSentencePrediction
:members:
MobileBertForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertForSequenceClassification
:members:
MobileBertForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertForMultipleChoice
:members:
MobileBertForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertForTokenClassification
:members:
MobileBertForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.MobileBertForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFMobileBertModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFMobileBertModel
:members:
TFMobileBertForPreTraining
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFMobileBertForPreTraining
:members:
TFMobileBertForMaskedLM
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFMobileBertForMaskedLM
:members:
TFMobileBertForNextSentencePrediction
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFMobileBertForNextSentencePrediction
:members:
TFMobileBertForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFMobileBertForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFMobileBertForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFMobileBertForMultipleChoice
:members:
TFMobileBertForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFMobileBertForTokenClassification
:members:
TFMobileBertForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFMobileBertForQuestionAnswering
:members:
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Reformer
----------------------------------------------------
**DISCLAIMER:** This model is still a work in progress, if you see something strange,
file a `Github Issue <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/new?assignees=&labels=&template=bug-report.md&title>`_
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~
The Reformer model was presented in `Reformer: The Efficient Transformer <https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04451.pdf>`_ by Nikita Kitaev, Łukasz Kaiser, Anselm Levskaya.
Here the abstract:
*Large Transformer models routinely achieve state-of-the-art results on a number of tasks but training these models can be prohibitively costly, especially on long sequences. We introduce two techniques to improve the efficiency of Transformers. For one, we replace dot-product attention by one that uses locality-sensitive hashing, changing its complexity from O(L^2) to O(Llog(L)), where L is the length of the sequence. Furthermore, we use reversible residual layers instead of the standard residuals, which allows storing activations only once in the training process instead of N times, where N is the number of layers. The resulting model, the Reformer, performs on par with Transformer models while being much more memory-efficient and much faster on long sequences.*
The Authors' code can be found `here <https://github.com/google/trax/tree/master/trax/models/reformer>`_ .
Axial Positional Encodings
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Axial Positional Encodings were first implemented in Google's `trax library <https://github.com/google/trax/blob/4d99ad4965bab1deba227539758d59f0df0fef48/trax/layers/research/position_encodings.py#L29>`_ and developed by the authors of this model's paper. In models that are treating very long input sequences, the conventional position id encodings store an embedings vector of size :math:`d` being the ``config.hidden_size`` for every position :math:`i, \ldots, n_s`, with :math:`n_s` being ``config.max_embedding_size``. *E.g.*, having a sequence length of :math:`n_s = 2^{19} \approx 0.5M` and a ``config.hidden_size`` of :math:`d = 2^{10} \approx 1000` would result in a position encoding matrix:
.. math::
X_{i,j}, \text{ with } i \in \left[1,\ldots, d\right] \text{ and } j \in \left[1,\ldots, n_s\right]
which alone has over 500M parameters to store. Axial positional encodings factorize :math:`X_{i,j}` into two matrices:
.. math::
X^{1}_{i,j}, \text{ with } i \in \left[1,\ldots, d^1\right] \text{ and } j \in \left[1,\ldots, n_s^1\right]
and
.. math::
X^{2}_{i,j}, \text{ with } i \in \left[1,\ldots, d^2\right] \text{ and } j \in \left[1,\ldots, n_s^2\right]
with:
.. math::
d = d^1 + d^2 \text{ and } n_s = n_s^1 \times n_s^2 .
Therefore the following holds:
.. math::
X_{i,j} = \begin{cases}
X^{1}_{i, k}, & \text{if }\ i < d^1 \text{ with } k = j \mod n_s^1 \\
X^{2}_{i - d^1, l}, & \text{if } i \ge d^1 \text{ with } l = \lfloor\frac{j}{n_s^1}\rfloor
\end{cases}
Intuitively, this means that a position embedding vector :math:`x_j \in \mathbb{R}^{d}` is now the composition of two factorized embedding vectors: :math:`x^1_{k, l} + x^2_{l, k}`, where as the ``config.max_embedding_size`` dimension :math:`j` is factorized into :math:`k \text{ and } l`.
This design ensures that each position embedding vector :math:`x_j` is unique.
Using the above example again, axial position encoding with :math:`d^1 = 2^5, d^2 = 2^5, n_s^1 = 2^9, n_s^2 = 2^{10}` can drastically reduced the number of parameters to :math:`2^{14} + 2^{15} \approx 49000` parameters.
In practice, the parameter ``config.axial_pos_embds_dim`` is set to ``list``:math:`(d^1, d^2)` which sum has to be equal to ``config.hidden_size`` and ``config.axial_pos_shape`` is set to ``list``:math:`(n_s^1, n_s^2)` and which product has to be equal to ``config.max_embedding_size`` which during training has to be equal to the ``sequence length`` of the ``input_ids``.
LSH Self Attention
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In Locality sensitive hashing (LSH) self attention the key and query projection weights are tied. Therefore, the key query embedding vectors are also tied.
LSH self attention uses the locality sensitive
hashing mechanism proposed in `Practical and Optimal LSH for Angular Distance <https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02897>`_ to assign each of the tied key query embedding vectors to one of ``config.num_buckets`` possible buckets. The premise is that the more "similar" key query embedding vectors (in terms of *cosine similarity*) are to each other, the more likely they are assigned to the same bucket.
The accuracy of the LSH mechanism can be improved by increasing ``config.num_hashes`` or directly the argument ``num_hashes`` of the forward function so that the output of the LSH self attention better approximates the output of the "normal" full self attention.
The buckets are then sorted and chunked into query key embedding vector chunks each of length ``config.lsh_chunk_length``. For each chunk, the query embedding vectors attend to its key vectors (which are tied to themselves) and to the key embedding vectors of ``config.lsh_num_chunks_before`` previous neighboring chunks and ``config.lsh_num_chunks_after`` following neighboring chunks.
For more information, see the `original Paper <https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04451>`_ or this great `blog post <https://www.pragmatic.ml/reformer-deep-dive/>`_.
Note that ``config.num_buckets`` can also be factorized into a ``list``:math:`(n_{\text{buckets}}^1, n_{\text{buckets}}^2)`. This way instead of assigning the query key embedding vectors to one of :math:`(1,\ldots, n_{\text{buckets}})` they are assigned to one of :math:`(1-1,\ldots, n_{\text{buckets}}^1-1, \ldots, 1-n_{\text{buckets}}^2, \ldots, n_{\text{buckets}}^1-n_{\text{buckets}}^2)`. This is crucial for very long sequences to save memory.
When training a model from scratch, it is recommended to leave ``config.num_buckets=None``, so that depending on the sequence length a good value for ``num_buckets`` is calculated on the fly. This value will then automatically be saved in the config and should be reused for inference.
Using LSH self attention, the memory and time complexity of the query-key matmul operation can be reduced from :math:`\mathcal{O}(n_s \times n_s)` to :math:`\mathcal{O}(n_s \times \log(n_s))`, which usually represents the memory and time bottleneck in a transformer model, with :math:`n_s` being the sequence length.
Local Self Attention
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Local self attention is essentially a "normal" self attention layer with
key, query and value projections, but is chunked so that in each chunk of length ``config.local_chunk_length`` the query embedding vectors only attends to the key embedding vectors in its chunk and to the key embedding vectors of ``config.local_num_chunks_before`` previous neighboring chunks and ``config.local_num_chunks_after`` following neighboring chunks.
Using Local self attention, the memory and time complexity of the query-key matmul operation can be reduced from :math:`\mathcal{O}(n_s \times n_s)` to :math:`\mathcal{O}(n_s \times \log(n_s))`, which usually represents the memory and time bottleneck in a transformer model, with :math:`n_s` being the sequence length.
Training
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
During training, we must ensure that the sequence length is set to a value that can be divided by the least common multiple of ``config.lsh_chunk_length`` and ``config.local_chunk_length`` and that the parameters of the Axial Positional Encodings are correctly set as described above. Reformer is very memory efficient so that the model can easily be trained on sequences as long as 64000 tokens.
For training, the ``ReformerModelWithLMHead`` should be used as follows:
::
input_ids = tokenizer.encode('This is a sentence from the training data', return_tensors='pt')
loss = model(input_ids, labels=input_ids)[0]
ReformerConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ReformerConfig
:members:
ReformerTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ReformerTokenizer
:members:
ReformerModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ReformerModel
:members:
ReformerModelWithLMHead
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.ReformerModelWithLMHead
:members:
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RetriBERT
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The RetriBERT model was proposed in the blog post
`Explain Anything Like I'm Five: A Model for Open Domain Long Form Question Answering <https://yjernite.github.io/lfqa.html>`__,
RetriBERT is a small model that uses either a single or pair of Bert encoders with lower-dimension projection for dense semantic indexing of text.
Code to train and use the model can be found `here <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`_.
RetriBertConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RetriBertConfig
:members:
RetriBertTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RetriBertTokenizer
:members:
RetriBertTokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RetriBertTokenizerFast
:members:
RetriBertModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RetriBertModel
:members:
+9 -92
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RoBERTa
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The RoBERTa model was proposed in `RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach <https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692>`_
by Yinhan Liu, Myle Ott, Naman Goyal, Jingfei Du, Mandar Joshi, Danqi Chen, Omer Levy, Mike Lewis, Luke Zettlemoyer,
Veselin Stoyanov. It is based on Google's BERT model released in 2018.
It builds on BERT and modifies key hyperparameters, removing the next-sentence pretraining
objective and training with much larger mini-batches and learning rates.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Language model pretraining has led to significant performance gains but careful comparison between different
approaches is challenging. Training is computationally expensive, often done on private datasets of different sizes,
and, as we will show, hyperparameter choices have significant impact on the final results. We present a replication
study of BERT pretraining (Devlin et al., 2019) that carefully measures the impact of many key hyperparameters and
training data size. We find that BERT was significantly undertrained, and can match or exceed the performance of
every model published after it. Our best model achieves state-of-the-art results on GLUE, RACE and SQuAD. These
results highlight the importance of previously overlooked design choices, and raise questions about the source
of recently reported improvements. We release our models and code.*
Tips:
- This implementation is the same as :class:`~transformers.BertModel` with a tiny embeddings tweak as well as a
setup for Roberta pretrained models.
- RoBERTa has the same architecture as BERT, but uses a byte-level BPE as a tokenizer (same as GPT-2) and uses a
different pre-training scheme.
- RoBERTa doesn't have `token_type_ids`, you don't need to indicate which token belongs to which segment. Just separate your segments with the separation token `tokenizer.sep_token` (or `</s>`)
- `Camembert <./camembert.html>`__ is a wrapper around RoBERTa. Refer to this page for usage examples.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta>`_.
RobertaConfig
``RobertaConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RobertaConfig
:members:
RobertaTokenizer
``RobertaTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RobertaTokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
:members:
RobertaTokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RobertaTokenizerFast
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens
RobertaModel
``RobertaModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RobertaModel
:members:
RobertaForMaskedLM
``RobertaForMaskedLM``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RobertaForMaskedLM
:members:
RobertaForSequenceClassification
``RobertaForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RobertaForSequenceClassification
:members:
RobertaForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RobertaForMultipleChoice
:members:
RobertaForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RobertaForTokenClassification
:members:
RobertaForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.RobertaForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFRobertaModel
``TFRobertaModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFRobertaModel
:members:
TFRobertaForMaskedLM
``TFRobertaForMaskedLM``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFRobertaForMaskedLM
:members:
TFRobertaForSequenceClassification
``TFRobertaForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFRobertaForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFRobertaForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFRobertaForMultipleChoice
:members:
TFRobertaForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFRobertaForTokenClassification
:members:
TFRobertaForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFRobertaForQuestionAnswering
:members:
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T5
----------------------------------------------------
**DISCLAIMER:** This model is still a work in progress, if you see something strange,
file a `Github Issue <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/new?assignees=&labels=&template=bug-report.md&title>`_
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The T5 model was presented in `Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10683.pdf>`_ by Colin Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, Peter J. Liu in
Here the abstract:
*Transfer learning, where a model is first pre-trained on a data-rich task before being fine-tuned on a downstream task, has emerged as a powerful technique in natural language processing (NLP). The effectiveness of transfer learning has given rise to a diversity of approaches, methodology, and practice.
In this paper, we explore the landscape of transfer learning techniques for NLP by introducing a unified framework that converts every language problem into a text-to-text format.
Our systematic study compares pre-training objectives, architectures, unlabeled datasets, transfer approaches, and other factors on dozens of language understanding tasks.
By combining the insights from our exploration with scale and our new "Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus", we achieve state-of-the-art results on many benchmarks covering summarization, question answering, text classification, and more.
To facilitate future work on transfer learning for NLP, we release our dataset, pre-trained models, and code.*
Tips:
- T5 is an encoder-decoder model pre-trained on a multi-task mixture of unsupervised
and supervised tasks and for which each task is converted into a text-to-text format.
T5 works well on a variety of tasks out-of-the-box by prepending a different prefix to the input corresponding to each task, e.g.: for translation: *translate English to German: ..., summarize: ...*.
For more information about which prefix to use, it is easiest to look into Appendix D of the `paper <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10683.pdf>`_ .
- For sequence to sequence generation, it is recommended to use ``T5ForConditionalGeneration.generate()``. The method takes care of feeding the encoded input via cross-attention layers to the decoder and auto-regressively generates the decoder output.
- T5 uses relative scalar embeddings. Encoder input padding can be done on the left and on the right.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/google-research/text-to-text-transfer-transformer>`_.
Training
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
T5 is an encoder-decoder model and converts all NLP problems into a text-to-text format. It is trained using teacher forcing.
This means that for training we always need an input sequence and a target sequence.
The input sequence is fed to the model using ``input_ids``. The target sequence is shifted to the right, *i.e.* prepended by a start-sequence token and fed to the decoder using the `decoder_input_ids`. In teacher-forcing style, the target sequence is then appended by the EOS token and corresponds to the ``labels``. The PAD token is hereby used as the start-sequence token.
T5 can be trained / fine-tuned both in a supervised and unsupervised fashion.
- Unsupervised denoising training
In this setup spans of the input sequence are masked by so-called sentinel tokens (*a.k.a* unique mask tokens)
and the output sequence is formed as a concatenation of the same sentinel tokens and the *real* masked tokens.
Each sentinel token represents a unique mask token for this sentence and should start with ``<extra_id_1>``, ``<extra_id_2>``, ... up to ``<extra_id_100>``. As a default 100 sentinel tokens are available in ``T5Tokenizer``.
*E.g.* the sentence "The cute dog walks in the park" with the masks put on "cute dog" and "the" should be processed as follows:
::
input_ids = tokenizer.encode('The <extra_id_1> walks in <extra_id_2> park', return_tensors='pt')
labels = tokenizer.encode('<extra_id_1> cute dog <extra_id_2> the <extra_id_3> </s>', return_tensors='pt')
# the forward function automatically creates the correct decoder_input_ids
model(input_ids=input_ids, labels=labels)
- Supervised training
In this setup the input sequence and output sequence are standard sequence to sequence input output mapping.
In translation, *e.g.* the input sequence "The house is wonderful." and output sequence "Das Haus ist wunderbar." should
be processed as follows:
::
input_ids = tokenizer.encode('translate English to German: The house is wonderful. </s>', return_tensors='pt')
labels = tokenizer.encode('Das Haus ist wunderbar. </s>', return_tensors='pt')
# the forward function automatically creates the correct decoder_input_ids
model(input_ids=input_ids, labels=labels)
T5Config
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.T5Config
:members:
T5Tokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.T5Tokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
T5Model
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.T5Model
:members:
T5ForConditionalGeneration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.T5ForConditionalGeneration
:members:
TFT5Model
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFT5Model
:members:
TFT5ForConditionalGeneration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFT5ForConditionalGeneration
:members:
+6 -44
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@@ -1,81 +1,43 @@
Transformer XL
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Transformer-XL model was proposed in
`Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Context <https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.02860>`__
by Zihang Dai*, Zhilin Yang*, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Quoc V. Le, Ruslan Salakhutdinov.
It's a causal (uni-directional) transformer with relative positioning (sinusoïdal) embeddings which can reuse
previously computed hidden-states to attend to longer context (memory).
This model also uses adaptive softmax inputs and outputs (tied).
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Transformers have a potential of learning longer-term dependency, but are limited by a fixed-length context in the
setting of language modeling. We propose a novel neural architecture Transformer-XL that enables learning dependency
beyond a fixed length without disrupting temporal coherence. It consists of a segment-level recurrence mechanism and
a novel positional encoding scheme. Our method not only enables capturing longer-term dependency, but also resolves
the context fragmentation problem. As a result, Transformer-XL learns dependency that is 80% longer than RNNs and
450% longer than vanilla Transformers, achieves better performance on both short and long sequences, and is up
to 1,800+ times faster than vanilla Transformers during evaluation. Notably, we improve the state-of-the-art results
of bpc/perplexity to 0.99 on enwiki8, 1.08 on text8, 18.3 on WikiText-103, 21.8 on One Billion Word, and 54.5 on
Penn Treebank (without finetuning). When trained only on WikiText-103, Transformer-XL manages to generate reasonably
coherent, novel text articles with thousands of tokens.*
Tips:
- Transformer-XL uses relative sinusoidal positional embeddings. Padding can be done on the left or on the right.
The original implementation trains on SQuAD with padding on the left, therefore the padding defaults are set to left.
- Transformer-XL is one of the few models that has no sequence length limit.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/kimiyoung/transformer-xl>`_.
TransfoXLConfig
``TransfoXLConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TransfoXLConfig
:members:
TransfoXLTokenizer
``TransfoXLTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TransfoXLTokenizer
:members: save_vocabulary
TransfoXLTokenizerFast
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TransfoXLTokenizerFast
:members:
TransfoXLModel
``TransfoXLModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TransfoXLModel
:members:
TransfoXLLMHeadModel
``TransfoXLLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TransfoXLLMHeadModel
:members:
TFTransfoXLModel
``TFTransfoXLModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFTransfoXLModel
:members:
TFTransfoXLLMHeadModel
``TFTransfoXLLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFTransfoXLLMHeadModel
+11 -66
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@@ -1,123 +1,68 @@
XLM
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The XLM model was proposed in `Cross-lingual Language Model Pretraining <https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07291>`_
by Guillaume Lample*, Alexis Conneau*. It's a transformer pre-trained using one of the following objectives:
- a causal language modeling (CLM) objective (next token prediction),
- a masked language modeling (MLM) objective (Bert-like), or
- a Translation Language Modeling (TLM) object (extension of Bert's MLM to multiple language inputs)
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*Recent studies have demonstrated the efficiency of generative pretraining for English natural language understanding.
In this work, we extend this approach to multiple languages and show the effectiveness of cross-lingual pretraining.
We propose two methods to learn cross-lingual language models (XLMs): one unsupervised that only relies on monolingual
data, and one supervised that leverages parallel data with a new cross-lingual language model objective. We obtain
state-of-the-art results on cross-lingual classification, unsupervised and supervised machine translation. On XNLI,
our approach pushes the state of the art by an absolute gain of 4.9% accuracy. On unsupervised machine translation,
we obtain 34.3 BLEU on WMT'16 German-English, improving the previous state of the art by more than 9 BLEU. On
supervised machine translation, we obtain a new state of the art of 38.5 BLEU on WMT'16 Romanian-English, outperforming
the previous best approach by more than 4 BLEU. Our code and pretrained models will be made publicly available.*
Tips:
- XLM has many different checkpoints, which were trained using different objectives: CLM, MLM or TLM. Make sure to
select the correct objective for your task (e.g. MLM checkpoints are not suitable for generation).
- XLM has multilingual checkpoints which leverage a specific `lang` parameter. Check out the
`multi-lingual <../multilingual.html>`__ page for more information.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/facebookresearch/XLM/>`_.
XLMConfig
``XLMConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMConfig
:members:
XLMTokenizer
``XLMTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMTokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
:members:
XLMModel
``XLMModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMModel
:members:
XLMWithLMHeadModel
``XLMWithLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMWithLMHeadModel
:members:
XLMForSequenceClassification
``XLMForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMForSequenceClassification
:members:
XLMForQuestionAnsweringSimple
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMForQuestionAnsweringSimple
:members:
XLMForQuestionAnswering
``XLMForQuestionAnswering``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFXLMModel
``TFXLMModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMModel
:members:
TFXLMWithLMHeadModel
``TFXLMWithLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMWithLMHeadModel
:members:
TFXLMForSequenceClassification
``TFXLMForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFXLMForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMForMultipleChoice
:members:
TFXLMForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMForTokenClassification
:members:
TFXLMForQuestionAnsweringSimple
``TFXLMForQuestionAnsweringSimple``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMForQuestionAnsweringSimple
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XLM-RoBERTa
------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The XLM-RoBERTa model was proposed in `Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale <https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.02116>`__
by Alexis Conneau, Kartikay Khandelwal, Naman Goyal, Vishrav Chaudhary, Guillaume Wenzek, Francisco Guzmán,
Edouard Grave, Myle Ott, Luke Zettlemoyer and Veselin Stoyanov. It is based on Facebook's RoBERTa model released in 2019.
It is a large multi-lingual language model, trained on 2.5TB of filtered CommonCrawl data.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*This paper shows that pretraining multilingual language models at scale leads to significant performance gains for
a wide range of cross-lingual transfer tasks. We train a Transformer-based masked language model on one hundred
languages, using more than two terabytes of filtered CommonCrawl data. Our model, dubbed XLM-R, significantly
outperforms multilingual BERT (mBERT) on a variety of cross-lingual benchmarks, including +13.8% average accuracy
on XNLI, +12.3% average F1 score on MLQA, and +2.1% average F1 score on NER. XLM-R performs particularly well on
low-resource languages, improving 11.8% in XNLI accuracy for Swahili and 9.2% for Urdu over the previous XLM model.
We also present a detailed empirical evaluation of the key factors that are required to achieve these gains,
including the trade-offs between (1) positive transfer and capacity dilution and (2) the performance of high and
low resource languages at scale. Finally, we show, for the first time, the possibility of multilingual modeling
without sacrificing per-language performance; XLM-Ris very competitive with strong monolingual models on the GLUE
and XNLI benchmarks. We will make XLM-R code, data, and models publicly available.*
Tips:
- XLM-R is a multilingual model trained on 100 different languages. Unlike some XLM multilingual models, it does
not require `lang` tensors to understand which language is used, and should be able to determine the correct
language from the input ids.
- This implementation is the same as RoBERTa. Refer to the `documentation of RoBERTa <./roberta.html>`__ for usage
examples as well as the information relative to the inputs and outputs.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/xlmr>`_.
XLMRobertaConfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMRobertaConfig
:members:
XLMRobertaTokenizer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMRobertaTokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
XLMRobertaModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMRobertaModel
:members:
XLMRobertaForMaskedLM
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMRobertaForMaskedLM
:members:
XLMRobertaForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMRobertaForSequenceClassification
:members:
XLMRobertaForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMRobertaForMultipleChoice
:members:
XLMRobertaForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMRobertaForTokenClassification
:members:
XLMRobertaForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLMRobertaForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFXLMRobertaModel
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMRobertaModel
:members:
TFXLMRobertaForMaskedLM
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMRobertaForMaskedLM
:members:
TFXLMRobertaForSequenceClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMRobertaForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFXLMRobertaForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMRobertaForMultipleChoice
:members:
TFXLMRobertaForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMRobertaForTokenClassification
:members:
TFXLMRobertaForQuestionAnswering
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLMRobertaForQuestionAnswering
:members:
+11 -81
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@@ -1,140 +1,70 @@
XLNet
----------------------------------------------------
Overview
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The XLNet model was proposed in `XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding <https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08237>`_
by Zhilin Yang*, Zihang Dai*, Yiming Yang, Jaime Carbonell, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Quoc V. Le.
XLnet is an extension of the Transformer-XL model pre-trained using an autoregressive method
to learn bidirectional contexts by maximizing the expected likelihood over all permutations
of the input sequence factorization order.
The abstract from the paper is the following:
*With the capability of modeling bidirectional contexts, denoising autoencoding based pretraining like BERT achieves
better performance than pretraining approaches based on autoregressive language modeling. However, relying on
corrupting the input with masks, BERT neglects dependency between the masked positions and suffers from a
pretrain-finetune discrepancy. In light of these pros and cons, we propose XLNet, a generalized autoregressive
pretraining method that (1) enables learning bidirectional contexts by maximizing the expected likelihood over
all permutations of the factorization order and (2) overcomes the limitations of BERT thanks to its autoregressive
formulation. Furthermore, XLNet integrates ideas from Transformer-XL, the state-of-the-art autoregressive model,
into pretraining. Empirically, under comparable experiment settings, XLNet outperforms BERT on 20 tasks, often by
a large margin, including question answering, natural language inference, sentiment analysis, and document ranking.*
Tips:
- The specific attention pattern can be controlled at training and test time using the `perm_mask` input.
- Due to the difficulty of training a fully auto-regressive model over various factorization order,
XLNet is pretrained using only a sub-set of the output tokens as target which are selected
with the `target_mapping` input.
- To use XLNet for sequential decoding (i.e. not in fully bi-directional setting), use the `perm_mask` and
`target_mapping` inputs to control the attention span and outputs (see examples in `examples/text-generation/run_generation.py`)
- XLNet is one of the few models that has no sequence length limit.
The original code can be found `here <https://github.com/zihangdai/xlnet/>`_.
XLNetConfig
``XLNetConfig``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLNetConfig
:members:
XLNetTokenizer
``XLNetTokenizer``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLNetTokenizer
:members: build_inputs_with_special_tokens, get_special_tokens_mask,
create_token_type_ids_from_sequences, save_vocabulary
:members:
XLNetModel
``XLNetModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLNetModel
:members:
XLNetLMHeadModel
``XLNetLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLNetLMHeadModel
:members:
XLNetForSequenceClassification
``XLNetForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLNetForSequenceClassification
:members:
XLNetForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLNetForMultipleChoice
:members:
XLNetForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLNetForTokenClassification
:members:
XLNetForQuestionAnsweringSimple
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLNetForQuestionAnsweringSimple
:members:
XLNetForQuestionAnswering
``XLNetForQuestionAnswering``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.XLNetForQuestionAnswering
:members:
TFXLNetModel
``TFXLNetModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLNetModel
:members:
TFXLNetLMHeadModel
``TFXLNetLMHeadModel``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLNetLMHeadModel
:members:
TFXLNetForSequenceClassification
``TFXLNetForSequenceClassification``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLNetForSequenceClassification
:members:
TFLNetForMultipleChoice
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLNetForMultipleChoice
:members:
TFXLNetForTokenClassification
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLNetForTokenClassification
:members:
TFXLNetForQuestionAnsweringSimple
``TFXLNetForQuestionAnsweringSimple``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. autoclass:: transformers.TFXLNetForQuestionAnsweringSimple
-55
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@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
# Model upload and sharing
Starting with `v2.2.2`, you can now upload and share your fine-tuned models with the community, using the <abbr title="Command-line interface">CLI</abbr> that's built-in to the library.
**First, create an account on [https://huggingface.co/join](https://huggingface.co/join)**. Optionally, join an existing organization or create a new one. Then:
```shell
transformers-cli login
# log in using the same credentials as on huggingface.co
```
Upload your model:
```shell
transformers-cli upload ./path/to/pretrained_model/
# ^^ Upload folder containing weights/tokenizer/config
# saved via `.save_pretrained()`
transformers-cli upload ./config.json [--filename folder/foobar.json]
# ^^ Upload a single file
# (you can optionally override its filename, which can be nested inside a folder)
```
If you want your model to be namespaced by your organization name rather than your username, add the following flag to any command:
```shell
--organization organization_name
```
Your model will then be accessible through its identifier, a concatenation of your username (or organization name) and the folder name above:
```python
"username/pretrained_model"
# or if an org:
"organization_name/pretrained_model"
```
**Please add a README.md model card** to the repo under `model_cards/` with: model description, training params (dataset, preprocessing, hardware used, hyperparameters), evaluation results, intended uses & limitations, etc.
Your model now has a page on huggingface.co/models 🔥
Anyone can load it from code:
```python
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("namespace/pretrained_model")
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("namespace/pretrained_model")
```
List all your files on S3:
```shell
transformers-cli s3 ls
```
You can also delete unneeded files:
```shell
transformers-cli s3 rm …
```
-618
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@@ -1,618 +0,0 @@
Summary of the models
================================================
This is a summary of the models available in 🤗 Transformers. It assumes you’re familiar with the original
`transformer model <https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762>`_. For a gentle introduction check the `annotated transformer
<http://nlp.seas.harvard.edu/2018/04/03/attention.html>`_. Here we focus on the high-level differences between the
models. You can check them more in detail in their respective documentation. Also checkout the
:doc:`pretrained model page </pretrained_models>` to see the checkpoints available for each type of model and all `the
community models <https://huggingface.co/models>`_.
Each one of the models in the library falls into one of the following categories:
* :ref:`autoregressive-models`
* :ref:`autoencoding-models`
* :ref:`seq-to-seq-models`
* :ref:`multimodal-models`
Autoregressive models are pretrained on the classic language modeling task: guess the next token having read all the
previous ones. They correspond to the decoder of the original transformer model, and a mask is used on top of the full
sentence so that the attention heads can only see what was before in the next, and not what’s after. Although those
models can be fine-tuned and achieve great results on many tasks, the most natural application is text generation.
A typical example of such models is GPT.
Autoencoding models are pretrained by corrupting the input tokens in some way and trying to reconstruct the original
sentence. They correspond to the encoder of the original transformer model in the sense that they get access to the
full inputs without any mask. Those models usually build a bidirectional representation of the whole sentence. They can
be fine-tuned and achieve great results on many tasks such as text generation, but their most natural application is
sentence classification or token classification. A typical example of such models is BERT.
Note that the only difference between autoregressive models and autoencoding models is in the way the model is
pretrained. Therefore, the same architecture can be used for both autoregressive and autoencoding models. When a given
model has been used for both pretraining, we have put it in the category corresponding to the article it was first
introduced.
Sequence-to-sequence models use both the encoder and the decoder of the original transformer, either for translation
tasks or by transforming other tasks to sequence-to-sequence problems. They can be fine-tuned to many tasks but their
most natural applications are translation, summarization and question answering. The original transformer model is an
example of such a model (only for translation), T5 is an example that can be fine-tuned on other tasks.
Multimodal models mix text inputs with other kinds (like image) and are more specific to a given task.
.. _autoregressive-models:
Autoregressive models
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
As mentioned before, these models rely on the decoder part of the original transformer and use an attention mask so
that at each position, the model can only look at the tokens before in the attention heads.
Original GPT
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=openai-gpt">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-openai--gpt-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/gpt">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-openai--gpt-blueviolet">
</a>
`Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training <https://cdn.openai.com/research-covers/language-unsupervised/language_understanding_paper.pdf>`_,
Alec Radford et al.
The first autoregressive model based on the transformer architecture, pretrained on the Book Corpus dataset.
The library provides versions of the model for language modeling and multitask language modeling/multiple choice
classification.
GPT-2
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=gpt2">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-gpt2-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/gpt2">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-gpt2-blueviolet">
</a>
`Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners <https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf>`_,
Alec Radford et al.
A bigger and better version of GPT, pretrained on WebText (web pages from outgoing links in Reddit with 3 karmas or
more).
The library provides versions of the model for language modeling and multitask language modeling/multiple choice
classification.
CTRL
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=ctrl">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-ctrl-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/ctrl">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-ctrl-blueviolet">
</a>
`CTRL: A Conditional Transformer Language Model for Controllable Generation <https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05858>`_,
Nitish Shirish Keskar et al.
Same as the GPT model but adds the idea of control codes. Text is generated from a prompt (can be empty) and one (or
several) of those control codes which are then used to influence the text generation: generate with the style of
wikipedia article, a book or a movie review.
The library provides a version of the model for language modeling only.
Transformer-XL
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=transfo-xl">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-transfo--xl-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/transformerxl">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-transfo--xl-blueviolet">
</a>
`Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models Beyond a Fixed-Length Context <https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.02860>`_,
Zihang Dai et al.
Same as a regular GPT model, but introduces a recurrence mechanism for two consecutive segments (similar to a regular
RNNs with two consecutive inputs). In this context, a segment is a number of consecutive tokens (for instance 512) that
may span across multiple documents, and segments are fed in order to the model.
Basically, the hidden states of the previous segment are concatenated to the current input to compute the attention
scores. This allows the model to pay attention to information that was in the previous segment as well as the current
one. By stacking multiple attention layers, the receptive field can be increased to multiple previous segments.
This changes the positional embeddings to positional relative embeddings (as the regular positional embeddings would
give the same results in the current input and the current hidden state at a given position) and needs to make some
adjustments in the way attention scores are computed.
The library provides a version of the model for language modeling only.
.. _reformer:
Reformer
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=reformer">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-reformer-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/reformer">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-reformer-blueviolet">
</a>
`Reformer: The Efficient Transformer <https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.04451>`_,
Nikita Kitaev et al .
An autoregressive transformer model with lots of tricks to reduce memory footprint and compute time. Those tricks
include:
* Use :ref:`Axial position encoding <axial-pos-encoding>` (see below for more details). It’s a mechanism to avoid
having a huge positional encoding matrix (when the sequence length is very big) by factorizing it in smaller
matrices.
* Replace traditional attention by :ref:`LSH (local-sensitive hashing) attention <lsh-attention>` (see below for more
details). It's a technique to avoid compute the full product query-key in the attention layers.
* Avoid storing the intermediate results of each layer by using reversible transformer layers to obtain them during
the backward pass (subtracting the residuals from the input of the next layer gives them back) or recomputing them
for results inside a given layer (less efficient than storing them but saves memory).
* Compute the feedforward operations by chunks and not on the whole batch.
With those tricks, the model can be fed much larger sentences than traditional transformer autoregressive models.
**Note:** This model could be very well be used in an autoencoding setting, there is no checkpoint for such a
pretraining yet, though.
The library provides a version of the model for language modeling only.
XLNet
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=xlnet">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-xlnet-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/xlnet">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-xlnet-blueviolet">
</a>
`XLNet: Generalized Autoregressive Pretraining for Language Understanding <https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08237>`_,
Zhilin Yang et al.
XLNet is not a traditional autoregressive model but uses a training strategy that builds on that. It permutes the
tokens in the sentence, then allows the model to use the last n tokens to predict the token n+1. Since this is all done
with a mask, the sentence is actually fed in the model in the right order, but instead of masking the first n tokens
for n+1, XLNet uses a mask that hides the previous tokens in some given permutation of 1,...,sequence length.
XLNet also uses the same recurrence mechanism as TransformerXL to build long-term dependencies.
The library provides a version of the model for language modeling, token classification, sentence classification,
multiple choice classification and question answering.
.. _autoencoding-models:
Autoencoding models
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
As mentioned before, these models rely on the encoder part of the original transformer and use no mask so the model can
look at all the tokens in the attention heads. For pretraining, inputs are a corrupted version of the sentence, usually
obtained by masking tokens, and targets are the original sentences.
BERT
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=bert">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-bert-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/bert">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-bert-blueviolet">
</a>
`BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding <https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805>`_,
Jacob Devlin et al.
Corrupts the inputs by using random masking, more precisely, during pretraining, a given percentage of tokens (usually
15%) are masked by
* a special mask token with probability 0.8
* a random token different from the one masked with probability 0.1
* the same token with probability 0.1
The model must predict the original sentence, but has a second objective: inputs are two sentences A and B (with a
separation token in between). With probability 50%, the sentences are consecutive in the corpus, in the remaining 50%
they are not related. The model has to predict if the sentences are consecutive or not.
The library provides a version of the model for language modeling (traditional or masked), next sentence prediction,
token classification, sentence classification, multiple choice classification and question answering.
ALBERT
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=albert">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-albert-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/albert">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-albert-blueviolet">
</a>
`ALBERT: A Lite BERT for Self-supervised Learning of Language Representations <https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942>`_,
Zhenzhong Lan et al.
Same as BERT but with a few tweaks:
* Embedding size E is different from hidden size H justified because the embeddings are context independent (one
embedding vector represents one token) whereas hidden states are context dependent (one hidden state represents a
sequence of tokens) so it's more logical to have H >> E. Als, the embedding matrix is large since it's V x E (V
being the vocab size). If E < H, it has less parameters.
* Layers are split in groups that share parameters (to save memory).
* Next sentence prediction is replaced by a sentence ordering prediction: in the inputs, we have two sentences A et B
(that are consecutive) and we either feed A followed by B or B followed by A. The model must predict if they have
been swapped or not.
The library provides a version of the model for masked language modeling, token classification, sentence
classification, multiple choice classification and question answering.
RoBERTa
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=roberta">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-roberta-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/roberta">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-roberta-blueviolet">
</a>
`RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach <https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692>`_,
Yinhan Liu et al.
Same as BERT with better pretraining tricks:
* dynamic masking: tokens are masked differently at each epoch whereas BERT does it once and for all
* no NSP (next sentence prediction) loss and instead of putting just two sentences together, put a chunk of
contiguous texts together to reach 512 tokens (so sentences in in an order than may span other several documents)
* train with larger batches
* use BPE with bytes as a subunit and not characters (because of unicode characters)
The library provides a version of the model for masked language modeling, token classification, sentence
classification, multiple choice classification and question answering.
DistilBERT
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=distilbert">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-distilbert-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/distilbert">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-distilbert-blueviolet">
</a>
`DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter <https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01108>`_,
Victor Sanh et al.
Same as BERT but smaller. Trained by distillation of the pretrained BERT model, meaning it's been trained to predict
the same probabilities as the larger model. The actual objective is a combination of:
* finding the same probabilities as the teacher model
* predicting the masked tokens correctly (but no next-sentence objective)
* a cosine similarity between the hidden states of the student and the teacher model
The library provides a version of the model for masked language modeling, token classification, sentence classification
and question answering.
XLM
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=xlm">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-xlm-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/xlm">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-xlm-blueviolet">
</a>
`Cross-lingual Language Model Pretraining <https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07291>`_, Guillaume Lample and Alexis Conneau
A transformer model trained on several languages. There are three different type of training for this model and the
library provides checkpoints for all of them:
* Causal language modeling (CLM) which is the traditional autoregressive training (so this model could be in the
previous section as well). One of the languages is selected for each training sample, and the model input is a
sentence of 256 tokens that may span on several documents in one one those languages.
* Masked language modeling (MLM) which is like RoBERTa. One of the languages is selected for each training sample,
and the model input is a sentence of 256 tokens that may span on several documents in one one those languages, with
dynamic masking of the tokens.
* A combination of MLM and translation language modeling (TLM). This consists of concatenating a sentence in two
different languages, with random masking. To predict one of the masked token, the model can use both the
surrounding context in language 1 as well as the context given by language 2.
Checkpoints refer to which method was used for pretraining by having `clm`, `mlm` or `mlm-tlm` in their names. On top
of positional embeddings, the model has language embeddings. When training using MLM/CLM, this gives the model an
indication of the language used, and when training using MLM+TLM, an indication of which part of the input is in which
language.
The library provides a version of the model for language modeling, token classification, sentence classification and
question answering.
XLM-RoBERTa
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=xlm-roberta">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-xlm--roberta-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/xlmroberta">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-xlm--roberta-blueviolet">
</a>
`Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale <https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.02116>`_, Alexis Conneau et
al.
Uses RoBERTa tricks on the XLM approach, but does not use the translation language modeling objective, only using
masked language modeling on sentences coming from one language. However, the model is trained on many more languages
(100) and doesn't use the language embeddings, so it's capable of detecting the input language by itself.
The library provides a version of the model for masked language modeling, token classification, sentence
classification, multiple choice classification and question answering.
FlauBERT
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=flaubert">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-flaubert-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/flaubert">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-flaubert-blueviolet">
</a>
`FlauBERT: Unsupervised Language Model Pre-training for French <https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.05372>`_, Hang Le et al.
Like RoBERTa, without the sentence ordering prediction (so just trained on the MLM objective).
The library provides a version of the model for language modeling and sentence classification.
ELECTRA
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=electra">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-electra-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/electra">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-electra-blueviolet">
</a>
`ELECTRA: Pre-training Text Encoders as Discriminators Rather Than Generators <https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.10555>`_,
Kevin Clark et al.
ELECTRA is a transformer model pretrained with the use of another (small) masked language model. The inputs are
corrupted by that language model, which takes an input text that is randomly masked and outputs a text in which ELECTRA
has to predict which token is an original and which one has been replaced. Like for GAN training, the small language
model is trained for a few steps (but with the original texts as objective, not to fool the ELECTRA model like in a
traditional GAN setting) then the ELECTRA model is trained for a few steps.
The library provides a version of the model for masked language modeling, token classification and sentence
classification.
.. _longformer:
Longformer
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=longformer">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-longformer-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/longformer">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-longformer-blueviolet">
</a>
`Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer <https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05150>`_, Iz Beltagy et al.
A transformer model replacing the attention matrices by sparse matrices to go faster. Often, the local context (e.g.,
what are the two tokens left and right?) is enough to take action for a given token. Some preselected input tokens are
still given global attention, but the attention matrix has way less parameters, resulting in a speed-up. See the
:ref:`local attention section <local-attention>` for more information.
It is pretrained the same way a RoBERTa otherwise.
**Note:** This model could be very well be used in an autoregressive setting, there is no checkpoint for such a
pretraining yet, though.
The library provides a version of the model for masked language modeling, token classification, sentence
classification, multiple choice classification and question answering.
.. _seq-to-seq-models:
Sequence-to-sequence models
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
As mentioned before, these models keep both the encoder and the decoder of the original transformer.
BART
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=bart">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-bart-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/bart">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-bart-blueviolet">
</a>
`BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension
<https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13461>`_, Mike Lewis et al.
Sequence-to-sequence model with an encoder and a decoder. Encoder is fed a corrupted version of the tokens, decoder is
fed the tokens (but has a mask to hide the future words like a regular transformers decoder). For the encoder, on the
pretraining tasks, a composition of the following transformations are applied:
* mask random tokens (like in BERT)
* delete random tokens
* mask a span of k tokens with a single mask token (a span of 0 tokens is an insertion of a mask token)
* permute sentences
* rotate the document to make it start by a specific token
The library provides a version of this model for conditional generation and sequence classification.
MarianMT
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=marian">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-marian-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/marian">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-marian-blueviolet">
</a>
`Marian: Fast Neural Machine Translation in C++ <https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.00344>`_, Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt et al.
A framework for translation models, using the same models as BART
The library provides a version of this model for conditional generation.
T5
----------------------------------------------
.. raw:: html
<a href="https://huggingface.co/models?filter=t5">
<img alt="Models" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/All_model_pages-t5-blueviolet">
</a>
<a href="/model_doc/t5">
<img alt="Doc" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Model_documentation-t5-blueviolet">
</a>
`Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer <https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683>`_,
Colin Raffel et al.
Uses the traditional transformer model (except a slight change with the positional embeddings, which are learned at
each layer). To be able to operate on all NLP tasks, it transforms them in text-to-text problems by using certain
prefixes: “Summarize: …”, “question: …”, “translate English to German: …” and so forth.
The pretraining includes both supervised and self-supervised training. Supervised training is conducted on downstream
tasks provided by the GLUE and SuperGLUE benchmarks (changing them to text-to-text tasks as explained above).
Self-supervised training consists of corrupted pretrained, which means randomly removing 15% of the tokens and
replacing them by individual sentinel tokens (if several consecutive tokens are marked for removal, they are replaced
by one single sentinel token). The input of the encoder is the corrupted sentence, the input of the decoder the
original sentence and the target is then the dropped out tokens delimited by their sentinel tokens.
For instance, if we have the sentence “My dog is very cute .”, and we decide to remove the token dog, is and cute, the
input becomes “My <x> very <y> .” and the target is “<x> dog is <y> . <z>”
The library provides a version of this model for conditional generation.
.. _multimodal-models:
Multimodal models
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
There is one multimodal model in the library which has not been pretrained in the self-supervised fashion like the
others.
MMBT
----------------------------------------------
`Supervised Multimodal Bitransformers for Classifying Images and Text <https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.02950>`_, Douwe Kiela
et al.
A transformers model used in multimodal settings, combining a text and an image to make predictions. The transformer
model takes as inputs the embeddings of the tokenized text and a the final activations of a pretrained resnet on the
images (after the pooling layer) that goes through a linear layer (to go from number of features at the end of the
resnet to the hidden state dimension of the transformer).
The different inputs are concatenated, and on top of the positional embeddings, a segment embedding is added to let the
model know which part of the input vector corresponds to the text or the image.
The pretrained model only works for classification.
..
More information in this :doc:`model documentation </model_doc/mmbt>`.
TODO: write this page
More technical aspects
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Full vs sparse attention
----------------------------------------------
Most transformer models use full attention in the sense that the attention matrix is square. It can be a big
computational bottleneck when you have long texts. Longformer and reformer are models that try to be more efficient and
use a sparse version of the attention matrix to speed up training.
.. _lsh-attention:
**LSH attention**
:ref:`Reformer <reformer>` uses LSH attention. In the softmax(QK^t), only the biggest elements (in the softmax
dimension) of the matrix QK^t are going to give useful contributions. So for each query q in Q, we can only consider
the keys k in K that are close to q. A hash function is used to determine if q and k are close. The attention mask is
modified to mask the current token (except at the first position) because it will give a query and key equal (so very
similar to each other). Since the hash can be a bit random, several hash functions are used in practice (determined by
a n_rounds parameter) then are averaged together.
.. _local-attention:
**Local attention**
:ref:`Longformer <longformer>` uses local attention: often, the local context (e.g., what are the two tokens left and
right?) is enough to take action for a given token. Also, by stacking attention layers that have a small window, the
last layer will have a receptive field of more than just the tokens on the window, allowing them to build a
representation of the whole sentence.
Some preselected input tokens are also given global attention: for those few tokens, the attention matrix can access
all tokens and this process is symmetric: all other tokens have access to those specific tokens (on top of the ones in
their local window). This is shown in Figure 2d of the paper, see below for a sample attention mask:
.. image:: imgs/local_attention_mask.png
:scale: 50 %
:align: center
Using those attention matrices with less parameters then allows the model to have inputs having a bigger sequence
length.
Other tricks
----------------------------------------------
.. _axial-pos-encoding:
**Axial positional encodings**
:ref:`Reformer <reformer>` uses axial positional encodings: in traditional transformer models, the positional encoding
E is a matrix of size :math:`l` by :math:`d`, :math:`l` being the sequence length and :math:`d` the dimension of the
hidden state. If you have very long texts, this matrix can be huge and take way too much space on the GPU.
To alleviate that, axial positional encodings consists in factorizing that big matrix E in two smaller matrices E1 and
E2, with dimensions :math:`l_{1} \times d_{1}` and :math:`l_{2} \times d_{2}`, such that :math:`l_{1} \times l_{2} = l`
and :math:`d_{1} + d_{2} = d` (with the product for the lengths, this ends up being way smaller). The embedding for
time step :math:`j` in E is obtained by concatenating the embeddings for timestep :math:`j \% l1` in E1 and
:math:`j // l1` in E2.
+12 -26
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@@ -36,11 +36,10 @@ Here is an example using the ``xlm-clm-enfr-1024`` checkpoint (Causal language m
.. code-block::
>>> import torch
>>> from transformers import XLMTokenizer, XLMWithLMHeadModel
import torch
from transformers import XLMTokenizer, XLMWithLMHeadModel
>>> tokenizer = XLMTokenizer.from_pretrained("xlm-clm-enfr-1024")
>>> model = XLMWithLMHeadModel.from_pretrained("xlm-clm-enfr-1024")
tokenizer = XLMTokenizer.from_pretrained("xlm-clm-1024-enfr")
The different languages this model/tokenizer handles, as well as the ids of these languages are visible using the
@@ -48,15 +47,14 @@ The different languages this model/tokenizer handles, as well as the ids of thes
.. code-block::
>>> print(tokenizer.lang2id)
{'en': 0, 'fr': 1}
print(tokenizer.lang2id) # {'en': 0, 'fr': 1}
These ids should be used when passing a language parameter during a model pass. Let's define our inputs:
.. code-block::
>>> input_ids = torch.tensor([tokenizer.encode("Wikipedia was used to")]) # batch size of 1
input_ids = torch.tensor([tokenizer.encode("Wikipedia was used to")]) # batch size of 1
We should now define the language embedding by using the previously defined language id. We want to create a tensor
@@ -64,21 +62,21 @@ filled with the appropriate language ids, of the same size as input_ids. For eng
.. code-block::
>>> language_id = tokenizer.lang2id['en'] # 0
>>> langs = torch.tensor([language_id] * input_ids.shape[1]) # torch.tensor([0, 0, 0, ..., 0])
language_id = tokenizer.lang2id['en'] # 0
langs = torch.tensor([language_id] * input_ids.shape[1]) # torch.tensor([0, 0, 0, ..., 0])
>>> # We reshape it to be of size (batch_size, sequence_length)
>>> langs = langs.view(1, -1) # is now of shape [1, sequence_length] (we have a batch size of 1)
# We reshape it to be of size (batch_size, sequence_length)
langs = langs.view(1, -1) # is now of shape [1, sequence_length] (we have a batch size of 1)
You can then feed it all as input to your model:
.. code-block::
>>> outputs = model(input_ids, langs=langs)
outputs = model(input_ids, langs=langs)
The example `run_generation.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/text-generation/run_generation.py>`__
The example `run_generation.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_generation.py>`__
can generate text using the CLM checkpoints from XLM, using the language embeddings.
XLM without Language Embeddings
@@ -102,16 +100,4 @@ BERT has two checkpoints that can be used for multi-lingual tasks:
- ``bert-base-multilingual-cased`` (Masked language modeling + Next sentence prediction, 104 languages)
These checkpoints do not require language embeddings at inference time. They should identify the language
used in the context and infer accordingly.
XLM-RoBERTa
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
XLM-RoBERTa was trained on 2.5TB of newly created clean CommonCrawl data in 100 languages. It provides strong
gains over previously released multi-lingual models like mBERT or XLM on downstream taks like classification,
sequence labeling and question answering.
Two XLM-RoBERTa checkpoints can be used for multi-lingual tasks:
- ``xlm-roberta-base`` (Masked language modeling, 100 languages)
- ``xlm-roberta-large`` (Masked language modeling, 100 languages)
used in the context and infer accordingly.
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
../../notebooks/README.md
+16
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@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
Notebooks
================================================
We include `three Jupyter Notebooks <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/notebooks>`_ that can be used to check that the predictions of the PyTorch model are identical to the predictions of the original TensorFlow model.
*
The first NoteBook (\ `Comparing-TF-and-PT-models.ipynb <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/notebooks/Comparing-TF-and-PT-models.ipynb>`_\ ) extracts the hidden states of a full sequence on each layers of the TensorFlow and the PyTorch models and computes the standard deviation between them. In the given example, we get a standard deviation of 1.5e-7 to 9e-7 on the various hidden state of the models.
*
The second NoteBook (\ `Comparing-TF-and-PT-models-SQuAD.ipynb <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/notebooks/Comparing-TF-and-PT-models-SQuAD.ipynb>`_\ ) compares the loss computed by the TensorFlow and the PyTorch models for identical initialization of the fine-tuning layer of the ``BertForQuestionAnswering`` and computes the standard deviation between them. In the given example, we get a standard deviation of 2.5e-7 between the models.
*
The third NoteBook (\ `Comparing-TF-and-PT-models-MLM-NSP.ipynb <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/notebooks/Comparing-TF-and-PT-models-MLM-NSP.ipynb>`_\ ) compares the predictions computed by the TensorFlow and the PyTorch models for masked token language modeling using the pre-trained masked language modeling model.
Please follow the instructions given in the notebooks to run and modify them.
-73
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@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
Philosophy
==========
🤗 Transformers is an opinionated library built for:
- NLP researchers and educators seeking to use/study/extend large-scale transformers models
- hands-on practitioners who want to fine-tune those models and/or serve them in production
- engineers who just want to download a pretrained model and use it to solve a given NLP task.
The library was designed with two strong goals in mind:
- Be as easy and fast to use as possible:
- We strongly limited the number of user-facing abstractions to learn, in fact, there are almost no abstractions,
just three standard classes required to use each model: :doc:`configuration <main_classes/configuration>`,
:doc:`models <main_classes/model>` and :doc:`tokenizer <main_classes/tokenizer>`.
- All of these classes can be initialized in a simple and unified way from pretrained instances by using a common
:obj:`from_pretrained()` instantiation method which will take care of downloading (if needed), caching and
loading the related class instance and associated data (configurations' hyper-parameters, tokenizers' vocabulary,
and models' weights) from a pretrained checkpoint provided on
`Hugging Face Hub <https://huggingface.co/models>`__ or your own saved checkpoint.
- On top of those three base classes, the library provides two APIs: :func:`~transformers.pipeline` for quickly
using a model (plus its associated tokenizer and configuration) on a given task and
:func:`~transformers.Trainer`/:func:`~transformers.TFTrainer` to quickly train or fine-tune a given model.
- As a consequence, this library is NOT a modular toolbox of building blocks for neural nets. If you want to
extend/build-upon the library, just use regular Python/PyTorch/TensorFlow/Keras modules and inherit from the base
classes of the library to reuse functionalities like model loading/saving.
- Provide state-of-the-art models with performances as close as possible to the original models:
- We provide at least one example for each architecture which reproduces a result provided by the official authors
of said architecture.
- The code is usually as close to the original code base as possible which means some PyTorch code may be not as
*pytorchic* as it could be as a result of being converted TensorFlow code and vice versa.
A few other goals:
- Expose the models' internals as consistently as possible:
- We give access, using a single API, to the full hidden-states and attention weights.
- Tokenizer and base model's API are standardized to easily switch between models.
- Incorporate a subjective selection of promising tools for fine-tuning/investigating these models:
- A simple/consistent way to add new tokens to the vocabulary and embeddings for fine-tuning.
- Simple ways to mask and prune transformer heads.
- Switch easily between PyTorch and TensorFlow 2.0, allowing training using one framwork and inference using another.
Main concepts
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The library is build around three types of classes for each model:
- **Model classes** such as :class:`~transformers.BertModel`, which are 30+ PyTorch models
(`torch.nn.Module <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module>`__) or Keras models
(`tf.keras.Model <https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/Model>`__) that work with the pretrained
weights provided in the library.
- **Configuration classes** such as :class:`~transformers.BertConfig`, which store all the parameters required to build
a model. You don't always need to instantiate these yourself. In particular, if you are using a pretrained model
without any modification, creating the model will automatically take care of instantiating the configuration (which
is part of the model).
- **Tokenizer classes** such as :class:`~transformers.BertTokenizer`, which store the vocabulary for each model and
provide methods for encoding/decoding strings in a list of token embeddings indices to be fed to a model.
All these classes can be instantiated from pretrained instances and saved locally using two methods:
- :obj:`from_pretrained()` let you instantiate a model/configuration/tokenizer from a pretrained version either
provided by the library itself (the suported models are provided in the list :doc:`here <pretrained_models>`
or stored locally (or on a server) by the user,
- :obj:`save_pretrained()` let you save a model/configuration/tokenizer locally so that it can be reloaded using
:obj:`from_pretrained()`.
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@@ -1,373 +0,0 @@
Preprocessing data
==================
In this tutorial, we'll explore how to preprocess your data using 🤗 Transformers. The main tool for this is what we
call a :doc:`tokenizer <main_classes/tokenizer>`. You can build one using the tokenizer class associated to the model
you would like to use, or directly with the :class:`~transformers.AutoTokenizer` class.
As we saw in the :doc:`quicktour </quicktour>`, the tokenizer will first split a given text in words (or part of words,
punctuation symbols, etc.) usually called `tokens`. Then it will convert those `tokens` into numbers, to be able to
build a tensor out of them and feed them to the model. It will also add any additional inputs the model might expect to
work properly.
.. note::
If you plan on using a pretrained model, it's important to use the associated pretrained tokenizer: it will split
the text you give it in tokens the same way for the pretraining corpus, and it will use the same correspondence
token to index (that we usually call a `vocab`) as during pretraining.
To automatically download the vocab used during pretraining or fine-tuning a given model, you can use the
:func:`~transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained` method:
::
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-cased')
Base use
~~~~~~~~
A :class:`~transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer` has many methods, but the only one you need to remember for preprocessing
is its ``__call__``: you just need to feed your sentence to your tokenizer object.
::
encoded_input = tokenizer("Hello, I'm a single sentence!")
print(encoded_input)
This will return a dictionary string to list of ints like this one:
::
{'input_ids': [101, 138, 18696, 155, 1942, 3190, 1144, 1572, 13745, 1104, 159, 9664, 2107, 102],
'token_type_ids': [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
'attention_mask': [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]}
The `input_ids <glossary.html#input-ids>`__ are the indices corresponding to each token in our sentence. We will see
below what the `attention_mask <glossary.html#attention-mask>`__ is used for and in
:ref:`the next section <sentence-pairs>` the goal of `token_type_ids <glossary.html#token-type-ids>`__.
The tokenizer can decode a list of token ids in a proper sentence:
::
tokenizer.decode(encoded_input["input_ids"])
which should return
::
"[CLS] Hello, I'm a single sentence! [SEP]"
As you can see, the tokenizer automatically added some special tokens that the model expect. Not all model need special
tokens; for instance, if we had used` gtp2-medium` instead of `bert-base-cased` to create our tokenizer, we would have
seen the same sentence as the original one here. You can disable this behavior (which is only advised if you have added
those special tokens yourself) by passing ``add_special_tokens=False``.
If you have several sentences you want to process, you can do this efficiently by sending them as a list to the
tokenizer:
::
batch_sentences = ["Hello I'm a single sentence",
"And another sentence",
"And the very very last one"]
encoded_inputs = tokenizer(batch_sentences)
print(encoded_inputs)
We get back a dictionary once again, this time with values being list of list of ints:
::
{'input_ids': [[101, 8667, 146, 112, 182, 170, 1423, 5650, 102],
[101, 1262, 1330, 5650, 102],
[101, 1262, 1103, 1304, 1304, 1314, 1141, 102]],
'token_type_ids': [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],
'attention_mask': [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]}
If the purpose of sending several sentences at a time to the tokenizer is to build a batch to feed the model, you will
probably want:
- To pad each sentence to the maximum length there is in your batch.
- To truncate each sentence to the maximum length the model can accept (if applicable).
- To return tensors.
You can do all of this by using the following options when feeding your list of sentences to the tokenizer:
::
## PYTORCH CODE
batch = tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors="pt")
print(batch)
## TENSORFLOW CODE
batch = tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors="tf")
print(batch)
which should now return a dictionary string to tensor like this:
::
{'input_ids': tensor([[ 101, 8667, 146, 112, 182, 170, 1423, 5650, 102],
[ 101, 1262, 1330, 5650, 102, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[ 101, 1262, 1103, 1304, 1304, 1314, 1141, 102, 0]]),
'token_type_ids': tensor([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]),
'attention_mask': tensor([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0]])}
We can now see what the `attention_mask <glossary.html#attention-mask>`__ is all about: it points out which tokens the
model should pay attention to and which ones it should not (because they represent padding in this case).
Note that if your model does not have a maximum length associated to it, the command above will throw a warning. You
can safely ignore it. You can also pass ``verbose=False`` to stop the tokenizer to throw those kinds of warnings.
.. _sentence-pairs:
Preprocessing pairs of sentences
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Sometimes you need to feed pair of sentences to your model. For instance, if you want to classify if two sentences in a
pair are similar, or for question-answering models, which take a context and a question. For BERT models, the input is
then represented like this:
::
[CLS] Sequence A [SEP] Sequence B [SEP]
You can encode a pair of sentences in the format expected by your model by supplying the two sentences as two arguments
(not a list since a list of two sentences will be interpreted as a batch of two single sentences, as we saw before).
::
encoded_input = tokenizer("How old are you?", "I'm 6 years old")
print(encoded_input)
This will once again return a dict string to list of ints:
::
{'input_ids': [101, 1731, 1385, 1132, 1128, 136, 102, 146, 112, 182, 127, 1201, 1385, 102],
'token_type_ids': [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
'attention_mask': [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]}
This shows us what the `token_type_ids <glossary.html#token-type-ids>`__ are for: they indicate to the model which part
of the inputs correspond to the first sentence and which part corresponds to the second sentence. Note that
`token_type_ids` are not required or handled by all models. By default, a tokenizer will only return the inputs that
its associated model expects. You can force the return (or the non-return) of any of those special arguments by
using ``return_input_ids`` or ``return_token_type_ids``.
If we decode the token ids we obtained, we will see that the special tokens have been properly added.
::
tokenizer.decode(encoded_input["input_ids"])
will return:
::
"[CLS] How old are you? [SEP] I'm 6 years old [SEP]"
If you have a list of pairs of sequences you want to process, you should feed them as two lists to your tokenizer: the
list of first sentences and the list of second sentences:
::
batch_sentences = ["Hello I'm a single sentence",
"And another sentence",
"And the very very last one"]
batch_of_second_sentences = ["I'm a sentence that goes with the first sentence",
"And I should be encoded with the second sentence",
"And I go with the very last one"]
encoded_inputs = tokenizer(batch_sentences, batch_of_second_sentences)
print(encoded_inputs)
will return a dict with the values being list of lists of ints:
::
{'input_ids': [[101, 8667, 146, 112, 182, 170, 1423, 5650, 102, 146, 112, 182, 170, 5650, 1115, 2947, 1114, 1103, 1148, 5650, 102],
[101, 1262, 1330, 5650, 102, 1262, 146, 1431, 1129, 12544, 1114, 1103, 1248, 5650, 102],
[101, 1262, 1103, 1304, 1304, 1314, 1141, 102, 1262, 146, 1301, 1114, 1103, 1304, 1314, 1141, 102]],
'token_type_ids': [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],
'attention_mask': [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]}
To double-check what is fed to the model, we can decode each list in `input_ids` one by one:
::
for ids in encoded_inputs["input_ids"]:
print(tokenizer.decode(ids))
which will return:
::
[CLS] Hello I'm a single sentence [SEP] I'm a sentence that goes with the first sentence [SEP]
[CLS] And another sentence [SEP] And I should be encoded with the second sentence [SEP]
[CLS] And the very very last one [SEP] And I go with the very last one [SEP]
Once again, you can automatically pad your inputs to the maximum sentence length in the batch, truncate to the maximum
length the model can accept and return tensors directly with the following:
::
## PYTORCH CODE
batch = tokenizer(batch_sentences, batch_of_second_sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors="pt")
## TENSORFLOW CODE
batch = tokenizer(batch_sentences, batch_of_second_sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors="tf")
Everything you always wanted to know about padding and truncation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We have seen the commands that will work for most cases (pad your batch to the length of the maximum sentence and
truncate to the maximum length the mode can accept). However, the API supports more strategies if you need them. The
three arguments you need to know for this are :obj:`padding`, :obj:`truncation` and :obj:`max_length`.
- :obj:`padding` controls the padding. It can be a boolean or a string which should be:
- :obj:`True` or :obj:`'longest'` to pad to the longest sequence in the batch (doing no padding if you only provide
a single sequence).
- :obj:`'max_length'` to pad to a length specified by the :obj:`max_length` argument or the maximum length accepted
by the model if no :obj:`max_length` is provided (``max_length=None``). If you only provide a single sequence,
padding will still be applied to it.
- :obj:`False` or :obj:`'do_not_pad'` to not pad the sequences. As we have seen before, this is the default
behavior.
- :obj:`truncation` controls the truncation. It can be a boolean or a string which should be:
- :obj:`True` or :obj:`'only_first'` truncate to a maximum length specified by the :obj:`max_length` argument or
the maximum length accepted by the model if no :obj:`max_length` is provided (``max_length=None``). This will
only truncate the first sentence of a pair if a pair of sequence (or a batch of pairs of sequences) is provided.
- :obj:`'only_second'` truncate to a maximum length specified by the :obj:`max_length` argument or the maximum
length accepted by the model if no :obj:`max_length` is provided (``max_length=None``). This will only truncate
the second sentence of a pair if a pair of sequence (or a batch of pairs of sequences) is provided.
- :obj:`'longest_first'` truncate to a maximum length specified by the :obj:`max_length` argument or the maximum
length accepted by the model if no :obj:`max_length` is provided (``max_length=None``). This will truncate token
by token, removing a token from the longest sequence in the pair until the proper length is reached.
- :obj:`False` or :obj:`'do_not_truncate'` to not truncate the sequences. As we have seen before, this is the
default behavior.
- :obj:`max_length` to control the length of the padding/truncation. It can be an integer or :obj:`None`, in which case
it will default to the maximum length the model can accept. If the model has no specific maximum input length,
truncation/padding to :obj:`max_length` is deactivated.
Here is a table summarizing the recommend way to setup padding and truncation. If you use pair of inputs sequence in
any of the following examples, you can replace :obj:`truncation=True` by a :obj:`STRATEGY` selected in
:obj:`['only_first', 'only_second', 'longest_first']`, i.e. :obj:`truncation='only_second'` or
:obj:`truncation= 'longest_first'` to control how both sequence in the pair are truncated as detailed before.
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Truncation | Padding | Instruction |
+======================================+===================================+=============================================================================================+
| no truncation | no padding | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences)` |
| +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | padding to max sequence in batch | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=True)` or |
| | | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding='longest')` |
| +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | padding to max model input length | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding='max_length')` |
| +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | padding to specific length | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding='max_length', max_length=42)` |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| truncation to max model input length | no padding | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, truncation=True)` or |
| | | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, truncation=STRATEGY)` |
| +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | padding to max sequence in batch | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=True, truncation=True)` or |
| | | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=True, truncation=STRATEGY)` |
| +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | padding to max model input length | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding='max_length', truncation=True)` or |
| | | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding='max_length', truncation=STRATEGY)` |
| +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | padding to specific length | Not possible |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| truncation to specific length | no padding | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, truncation=True, max_length=42)` or |
| | | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, truncation=STRATEGY, max_length=42)` |
| +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | padding to max sequence in batch | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, max_length=42)` or |
| | | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding=True, truncation=STRATEGY, max_length=42)` |
| +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | padding to max model input length | Not possible |
| +-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | padding to specific length | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding='max_length', truncation=True, max_length=42)` or |
| | | :obj:`tokenizer(batch_sentences, padding='max_length', truncation=STRATEGY, max_length=42)` |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Pre-tokenized inputs
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The tokenizer also accept pre-tokenized inputs. This is particularly useful when you want to compute labels and extract
predictions in `named entity recognition (NER) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Named-entity_recognition>`__ or
`part-of-speech tagging (POS tagging) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part-of-speech_tagging>`__.
If you want to use pre-tokenized inputs, just set :obj:`is_pretokenized=True` when passing your inputs to the
tokenizer. For instance:
::
encoded_input = tokenizer(["Hello", "I'm", "a", "single", "sentence"], is_pretokenized=True)
print(encoded_input)
will return:
::
{'input_ids': [101, 8667, 146, 112, 182, 170, 1423, 5650, 102],
'token_type_ids': [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
'attention_mask': [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]}
Note that the tokenizer still adds the ids of special tokens (if applicable) unless you pass
``add_special_tokens=False``.
This works exactly as before for batch of sentences or batch of pairs of sentences. You can encode a batch of sentences
like this:
::
batch_sentences = [["Hello", "I'm", "a", "single", "sentence"],
["And", "another", "sentence"],
["And", "the", "very", "very", "last", "one"]]
encoded_inputs = tokenizer(batch_sentences, is_pretokenized=True)
or a batch of pair sentences like this:
::
batch_of_second_sentences = [["I'm", "a", "sentence", "that", "goes", "with", "the", "first", "sentence"],
["And", "I", "should", "be", "encoded", "with", "the", "second", "sentence"],
["And", "I", "go", "with", "the", "very", "last", "one"]]
encoded_inputs = tokenizer(batch_sentences, batch_of_second_sentences, is_pretokenized=True)
And you can add padding, truncation as well as directly return tensors like before:
::
## PYTORCH CODE
batch = tokenizer(batch_sentences,
batch_of_second_sentences,
is_pretokenized=True,
padding=True,
truncation=True,
return_tensors="pt")
## TENSORFLOW CODE
batch = tokenizer(batch_sentences,
batch_of_second_sentences,
is_pretokenized=True,
padding=True,
truncation=True,
return_tensors="tf")
+15 -174
View File
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ Pretrained models
Here is the full list of the currently provided pretrained models together with a short presentation of each model.
For a list that includes community-uploaded models, refer to `https://huggingface.co/models <https://huggingface.co/models>`__.
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Architecture | Shortcut name | Details of the model |
@@ -22,12 +21,10 @@ For a list that includes community-uploaded models, refer to `https://huggingfac
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-base-multilingual-uncased`` | | (Original, not recommended) 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on lower-cased text in the top 102 languages with the largest Wikipedias |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/bert/blob/master/multilingual.md>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-base-multilingual-cased`` | | (New, **recommended**) 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on cased text in the top 104 languages with the largest Wikipedias |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/bert/blob/master/multilingual.md>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-base-chinese`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
@@ -35,80 +32,35 @@ For a list that includes community-uploaded models, refer to `https://huggingfac
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-base-german-cased`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on cased German text by Deepset.ai |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on deepset.ai website <https://deepset.ai/german-bert>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 340M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on lower-cased English text using Whole-Word-Masking |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/bert/#bert>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-large-cased-whole-word-masking`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 340M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on cased English text using Whole-Word-Masking |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/bert/#bert>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 340M parameters. |
| | | | The ``bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking`` model fine-tuned on SQuAD |
| | | |
| | | (see details of fine-tuning in the `example section <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-large-cased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 340M parameters |
| | | | The ``bert-large-cased-whole-word-masking`` model fine-tuned on SQuAD |
| | | |
| | | (see `details of fine-tuning in the example section <https://huggingface.co/transformers/examples.html>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-base-cased-finetuned-mrpc`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | The ``bert-base-cased`` model fine-tuned on MRPC |
| | | |
| | | (see `details of fine-tuning in the example section <https://huggingface.co/transformers/examples.html>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-base-german-dbmdz-cased`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on cased German text by DBMDZ |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on dbmdz repository <https://github.com/dbmdz/german-bert>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``bert-base-german-dbmdz-uncased`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on uncased German text by DBMDZ |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on dbmdz repository <https://github.com/dbmdz/german-bert>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``cl-tohoku/bert-base-japanese`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on Japanese text. Text is tokenized with MeCab and WordPiece. |
| | | | `MeCab <https://taku910.github.io/mecab/>`__ is required for tokenization. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on cl-tohoku repository <https://github.com/cl-tohoku/bert-japanese>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``cl-tohoku/bert-base-japanese-whole-word-masking`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on Japanese text using Whole-Word-Masking. Text is tokenized with MeCab and WordPiece. |
| | | | `MeCab <https://taku910.github.io/mecab/>`__ is required for tokenization. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on cl-tohoku repository <https://github.com/cl-tohoku/bert-japanese>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``cl-tohoku/bert-base-japanese-char`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on Japanese text. Text is tokenized into characters. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on cl-tohoku repository <https://github.com/cl-tohoku/bert-japanese>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``cl-tohoku/bert-base-japanese-char-whole-word-masking`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on Japanese text using Whole-Word-Masking. Text is tokenized into characters. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on cl-tohoku repository <https://github.com/cl-tohoku/bert-japanese>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``TurkuNLP/bert-base-finnish-cased-v1`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on cased Finnish text. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on turkunlp.org <http://turkunlp.org/FinBERT/>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``TurkuNLP/bert-base-finnish-uncased-v1`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on uncased Finnish text. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on turkunlp.org <http://turkunlp.org/FinBERT/>`__). |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``wietsedv/bert-base-dutch-cased`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | Trained on cased Dutch text. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details on wietsedv repository <https://github.com/wietsedv/bertje/>`__). |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GPT | ``openai-gpt`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters. |
| | | | OpenAI GPT English model |
@@ -166,67 +118,42 @@ For a list that includes community-uploaded models, refer to `https://huggingfac
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| RoBERTa | ``roberta-base`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 125M parameters |
| | | | RoBERTa using the BERT-base architecture |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``roberta-large`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 355M parameters |
| | | | RoBERTa using the BERT-large architecture |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``roberta-large-mnli`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 355M parameters |
| | | | ``roberta-large`` fine-tuned on `MNLI <http://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/multinli/>`__. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``distilroberta-base`` | | 6-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 82M parameters |
| | | | The DistilRoBERTa model distilled from the RoBERTa model `roberta-base` checkpoint. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``roberta-base-openai-detector`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 125M parameters |
| | | | ``roberta-base`` fine-tuned by OpenAI on the outputs of the 1.5B-parameter GPT-2 model. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/openai/gpt-2-output-dataset/tree/master/detector>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``roberta-large-openai-detector`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 355M parameters |
| | | | ``roberta-large`` fine-tuned by OpenAI on the outputs of the 1.5B-parameter GPT-2 model. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/openai/gpt-2-output-dataset/tree/master/detector>`__) |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DistilBERT | ``distilbert-base-uncased`` | | 6-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 66M parameters |
| | | | The DistilBERT model distilled from the BERT model `bert-base-uncased` checkpoint |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``distilbert-base-uncased-distilled-squad`` | | 6-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 66M parameters |
| | | | The DistilBERT model distilled from the BERT model `bert-base-uncased` checkpoint, with an additional linear layer. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``distilbert-base-cased`` | | 6-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 65M parameters |
| | | | The DistilBERT model distilled from the BERT model `bert-base-cased` checkpoint |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``distilbert-base-cased-distilled-squad`` | | 6-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 65M parameters |
| | | | The DistilBERT model distilled from the BERT model `bert-base-cased` checkpoint, with an additional question answering layer. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``distilgpt2`` | | 6-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 82M parameters |
| | | | The DistilGPT2 model distilled from the GPT2 model `gpt2` checkpoint. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``distilroberta-base`` | | 6-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 82M parameters |
| | | | The DistilRoBERTa model distilled from the RoBERTa model `roberta-base` checkpoint. |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``distilbert-base-german-cased`` | | 6-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 66M parameters |
| | | | The German DistilBERT model distilled from the German DBMDZ BERT model `bert-base-german-dbmdz-cased` checkpoint. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``distilbert-base-multilingual-cased`` | | 6-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 134M parameters |
| | | | The multilingual DistilBERT model distilled from the Multilingual BERT model `bert-base-multilingual-cased` checkpoint. |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation>`__) |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CTRL | ``ctrl`` | | 48-layer, 1280-hidden, 16-heads, 1.6B parameters |
@@ -234,126 +161,40 @@ For a list that includes community-uploaded models, refer to `https://huggingfac
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CamemBERT | ``camembert-base`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters |
| | | | CamemBERT using the BERT-base architecture |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/camembert>`__) |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ALBERT | ``albert-base-v1`` | | 12 repeating layers, 128 embedding, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 11M parameters |
| | | | ALBERT base model |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`__) |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/albert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``albert-large-v1`` | | 24 repeating layers, 128 embedding, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 17M parameters |
| | | | ALBERT large model |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`__) |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/albert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``albert-xlarge-v1`` | | 24 repeating layers, 128 embedding, 2048-hidden, 16-heads, 58M parameters |
| | | | ALBERT xlarge model |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`__) |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/albert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``albert-xxlarge-v1`` | | 12 repeating layer, 128 embedding, 4096-hidden, 64-heads, 223M parameters |
| | | | ALBERT xxlarge model |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`__) |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/albert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``albert-base-v2`` | | 12 repeating layers, 128 embedding, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 11M parameters |
| | | | ALBERT base model with no dropout, additional training data and longer training |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`__) |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/albert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``albert-large-v2`` | | 24 repeating layers, 128 embedding, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 17M parameters |
| | | | ALBERT large model with no dropout, additional training data and longer training |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`__) |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/albert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``albert-xlarge-v2`` | | 24 repeating layers, 128 embedding, 2048-hidden, 16-heads, 58M parameters |
| | | | ALBERT xlarge model with no dropout, additional training data and longer training |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`__) |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/albert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``albert-xxlarge-v2`` | | 12 repeating layer, 128 embedding, 4096-hidden, 64-heads, 223M parameters |
| | | | ALBERT xxlarge model with no dropout, additional training data and longer training |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/ALBERT>`__) |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| T5 | ``t5-small`` | | ~60M parameters with 6-layers, 512-hidden-state, 2048 feed-forward hidden-state, 8-heads, |
| | | | Trained on English text: the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``t5-base`` | | ~220M parameters with 12-layers, 768-hidden-state, 3072 feed-forward hidden-state, 12-heads, |
| | | | Trained on English text: the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``t5-large`` | | ~770M parameters with 24-layers, 1024-hidden-state, 4096 feed-forward hidden-state, 16-heads, |
| | | | Trained on English text: the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``t5-3B`` | | ~2.8B parameters with 24-layers, 1024-hidden-state, 16384 feed-forward hidden-state, 32-heads, |
| | | | Trained on English text: the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``t5-11B`` | | ~11B parameters with 24-layers, 1024-hidden-state, 65536 feed-forward hidden-state, 128-heads, |
| | | | Trained on English text: the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4) |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| XLM-RoBERTa | ``xlm-roberta-base`` | | ~125M parameters with 12-layers, 768-hidden-state, 3072 feed-forward hidden-state, 8-heads, |
| | | | Trained on on 2.5 TB of newly created clean CommonCrawl data in 100 languages |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``xlm-roberta-large`` | | ~355M parameters with 24-layers, 1027-hidden-state, 4096 feed-forward hidden-state, 16-heads, |
| | | | Trained on 2.5 TB of newly created clean CommonCrawl data in 100 languages |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| FlauBERT | ``flaubert/flaubert_small_cased`` | | 6-layer, 512-hidden, 8-heads, 54M parameters |
| | | | FlauBERT small architecture |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/getalp/Flaubert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``flaubert/flaubert_base_uncased`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 137M parameters |
| | | | FlauBERT base architecture with uncased vocabulary |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/getalp/Flaubert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``flaubert/flaubert_base_cased`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 138M parameters |
| | | | FlauBERT base architecture with cased vocabulary |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/getalp/Flaubert>`__) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``flaubert/flaubert_large_cased`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 373M parameters |
| | | | FlauBERT large architecture |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/getalp/Flaubert>`__) |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Bart | ``facebook/bart-large`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 406M parameters |
| | | |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/bart>`_) |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``facebook/bart-base`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 16-heads, 139M parameters |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``facebook/bart-large-mnli`` | | Adds a 2 layer classification head with 1 million parameters |
| | | | bart-large base architecture with a classification head, finetuned on MNLI |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``facebook/bart-large-cnn`` | | 12-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 406M parameters (same as base) |
| | | | bart-large base architecture finetuned on cnn summarization task |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``facebook/mbart-large-en-ro`` | | 12-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 880M parameters |
| | | | bart-large architecture pretrained on cc25 multilingual data , finetuned on WMT english romanian translation. |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| DialoGPT | ``DialoGPT-small`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 124M parameters |
| | | | Trained on English text: 147M conversation-like exchanges extracted from Reddit. |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``DialoGPT-medium`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 355M parameters |
| | | | Trained on English text: 147M conversation-like exchanges extracted from Reddit. |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``DialoGPT-large`` | | 36-layer, 1280-hidden, 20-heads, 774M parameters |
| | | | Trained on English text: 147M conversation-like exchanges extracted from Reddit. |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Reformer | ``reformer-enwik8`` | | 12-layer, 1024-hidden, 8-heads, 149M parameters |
| | | | Trained on English Wikipedia data - enwik8. |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``reformer-crime-and-punishment`` | | 6-layer, 256-hidden, 2-heads, 3M parameters |
| | | | Trained on English text: Crime and Punishment novel by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| MarianMT | ``Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt-{src}-{tgt}`` | | 12-layer, 512-hidden, 8-heads, ~74M parameter Machine translation models. Parameter counts vary depending on vocab size. |
| | | | (see `model list <https://huggingface.co/Helsinki-NLP>`_) |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Longformer | ``allenai/longformer-base-4096`` | | 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, ~149M parameters |
| | | | Starting from RoBERTa-base checkpoint, trained on documents of max length 4,096 |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | ``allenai/longformer-large-4096`` | | 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, ~435M parameters |
| | | | Starting from RoBERTa-large checkpoint, trained on documents of max length 4,096 |
| | | (see `details <https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/albert>`__) |
+-------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
.. <https://huggingface.co/transformers/examples.html>`__
+222
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
# Quickstart
## Philosophy
Transformers is an opinionated library built for NLP researchers seeking to use/study/extend large-scale transformers models.
The library was designed with two strong goals in mind:
- be as easy and fast to use as possible:
- we strongly limited the number of user-facing abstractions to learn, in fact there are almost no abstractions, just three standard classes required to use each model: configuration, models and tokenizer,
- all of these classes can be initialized in a simple and unified way from pretrained instances by using a common `from_pretrained()` instantiation method which will take care of downloading (if needed), caching and loading the related class from a pretrained instance supplied in the library or your own saved instance.
- as a consequence, this library is NOT a modular toolbox of building blocks for neural nets. If you want to extend/build-upon the library, just use regular Python/PyTorch modules and inherit from the base classes of the library to reuse functionalities like model loading/saving.
- provide state-of-the-art models with performances as close as possible to the original models:
- we provide at least one example for each architecture which reproduces a result provided by the official authors of said architecture,
- the code is usually as close to the original code base as possible which means some PyTorch code may be not as *pytorchic* as it could be as a result of being converted TensorFlow code.
A few other goals:
- expose the models' internals as consistently as possible:
- we give access, using a single API to the full hidden-states and attention weights,
- tokenizer and base model's API are standardized to easily switch between models.
- incorporate a subjective selection of promising tools for fine-tuning/investigating these models:
- a simple/consistent way to add new tokens to the vocabulary and embeddings for fine-tuning,
- simple ways to mask and prune transformer heads.
## Main concepts
The library is build around three type of classes for each models:
- **model classes** which are PyTorch models (`torch.nn.Modules`) of the 8 models architectures currently provided in the library, e.g. `BertModel`
- **configuration classes** which store all the parameters required to build a model, e.g. `BertConfig`. You don't always need to instantiate these your-self, in particular if you are using a pretrained model without any modification, creating the model will automatically take care of instantiating the configuration (which is part of the model)
- **tokenizer classes** which store the vocabulary for each model and provide methods for encoding/decoding strings in list of token embeddings indices to be fed to a model, e.g. `BertTokenizer`
All these classes can be instantiated from pretrained instances and saved locally using two methods:
- `from_pretrained()` let you instantiate a model/configuration/tokenizer from a pretrained version either provided by the library itself (currently 27 models are provided as listed [here](https://huggingface.co/transformers/pretrained_models.html)) or stored locally (or on a server) by the user,
- `save_pretrained()` let you save a model/configuration/tokenizer locally so that it can be reloaded using `from_pretrained()`.
We'll finish this quickstart tour by going through a few simple quick-start examples to see how we can instantiate and use these classes. The rest of the documentation is organized in two parts:
- the **MAIN CLASSES** section details the common functionalities/method/attributes of the three main type of classes (configuration, model, tokenizer) plus some optimization related classes provided as utilities for training,
- the **PACKAGE REFERENCE** section details all the variants of each class for each model architectures and in particular the input/output that you should expect when calling each of them.
## Quick tour: Usage
Here are two examples showcasing a few `Bert` and `GPT2` classes and pre-trained models.
See full API reference for examples for each model class.
### BERT example
Let's start by preparing a tokenized input (a list of token embeddings indices to be fed to Bert) from a text string using `BertTokenizer`
```python
import torch
from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertModel, BertForMaskedLM
# OPTIONAL: if you want to have more information on what's happening under the hood, activate the logger as follows
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
# Load pre-trained model tokenizer (vocabulary)
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
# Tokenize input
text = "[CLS] Who was Jim Henson ? [SEP] Jim Henson was a puppeteer [SEP]"
tokenized_text = tokenizer.tokenize(text)
# Mask a token that we will try to predict back with `BertForMaskedLM`
masked_index = 8
tokenized_text[masked_index] = '[MASK]'
assert tokenized_text == ['[CLS]', 'who', 'was', 'jim', 'henson', '?', '[SEP]', 'jim', '[MASK]', 'was', 'a', 'puppet', '##eer', '[SEP]']
# Convert token to vocabulary indices
indexed_tokens = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(tokenized_text)
# Define sentence A and B indices associated to 1st and 2nd sentences (see paper)
segments_ids = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
# Convert inputs to PyTorch tensors
tokens_tensor = torch.tensor([indexed_tokens])
segments_tensors = torch.tensor([segments_ids])
```
Let's see how we can use `BertModel` to encode our inputs in hidden-states:
```python
# Load pre-trained model (weights)
model = BertModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
# Set the model in evaluation mode to deactivate the DropOut modules
# This is IMPORTANT to have reproducible results during evaluation!
model.eval()
# If you have a GPU, put everything on cuda
tokens_tensor = tokens_tensor.to('cuda')
segments_tensors = segments_tensors.to('cuda')
model.to('cuda')
# Predict hidden states features for each layer
with torch.no_grad():
# See the models docstrings for the detail of the inputs
outputs = model(tokens_tensor, token_type_ids=segments_tensors)
# Transformers models always output tuples.
# See the models docstrings for the detail of all the outputs
# In our case, the first element is the hidden state of the last layer of the Bert model
encoded_layers = outputs[0]
# We have encoded our input sequence in a FloatTensor of shape (batch size, sequence length, model hidden dimension)
assert tuple(encoded_layers.shape) == (1, len(indexed_tokens), model.config.hidden_size)
```
And how to use `BertForMaskedLM` to predict a masked token:
```python
# Load pre-trained model (weights)
model = BertForMaskedLM.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
model.eval()
# If you have a GPU, put everything on cuda
tokens_tensor = tokens_tensor.to('cuda')
segments_tensors = segments_tensors.to('cuda')
model.to('cuda')
# Predict all tokens
with torch.no_grad():
outputs = model(tokens_tensor, token_type_ids=segments_tensors)
predictions = outputs[0]
# confirm we were able to predict 'henson'
predicted_index = torch.argmax(predictions[0, masked_index]).item()
predicted_token = tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens([predicted_index])[0]
assert predicted_token == 'henson'
```
### OpenAI GPT-2
Here is a quick-start example using `GPT2Tokenizer` and `GPT2LMHeadModel` class with OpenAI's pre-trained model to predict the next token from a text prompt.
First let's prepare a tokenized input from our text string using `GPT2Tokenizer`
```python
import torch
from transformers import GPT2Tokenizer, GPT2LMHeadModel
# OPTIONAL: if you want to have more information on what's happening, activate the logger as follows
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
# Load pre-trained model tokenizer (vocabulary)
tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained('gpt2')
# Encode a text inputs
text = "Who was Jim Henson ? Jim Henson was a"
indexed_tokens = tokenizer.encode(text)
# Convert indexed tokens in a PyTorch tensor
tokens_tensor = torch.tensor([indexed_tokens])
```
Let's see how to use `GPT2LMHeadModel` to generate the next token following our text:
```python
# Load pre-trained model (weights)
model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained('gpt2')
# Set the model in evaluation mode to deactivate the DropOut modules
# This is IMPORTANT to have reproducible results during evaluation!
model.eval()
# If you have a GPU, put everything on cuda
tokens_tensor = tokens_tensor.to('cuda')
model.to('cuda')
# Predict all tokens
with torch.no_grad():
outputs = model(tokens_tensor)
predictions = outputs[0]
# get the predicted next sub-word (in our case, the word 'man')
predicted_index = torch.argmax(predictions[0, -1, :]).item()
predicted_text = tokenizer.decode(indexed_tokens + [predicted_index])
assert predicted_text == 'Who was Jim Henson? Jim Henson was a man'
```
Examples for each model class of each model architecture (Bert, GPT, GPT-2, Transformer-XL, XLNet and XLM) can be found in the [documentation](#documentation).
#### Using the past
GPT-2 as well as some other models (GPT, XLNet, Transfo-XL, CTRL) make use of a `past` or `mems` attribute which can be used to prevent re-computing the key/value pairs when using sequential decoding. It is useful when generating sequences as a big part of the attention mechanism benefits from previous computations.
Here is a fully-working example using the `past` with `GPT2LMHeadModel` and argmax decoding (which should only be used as an example, as argmax decoding introduces a lot of repetition):
```python
from transformers import GPT2LMHeadModel, GPT2Tokenizer
import torch
tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained("gpt2")
model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained('gpt2')
generated = tokenizer.encode("The Manhattan bridge")
context = torch.tensor([generated])
past = None
for i in range(100):
print(i)
output, past = model(context, past=past)
token = torch.argmax(output[0, :])
generated += [token.tolist()]
context = token.unsqueeze(0)
sequence = tokenizer.decode(generated)
print(sequence)
```
The model only requires a single token as input as all the previous tokens' key/value pairs are contained in the `past`.
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Quick tour
==========
Let's have a quick look at the 🤗 Transformers library features. The library downloads pretrained models for
Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks, such as analyzing the sentiment of a text, and Natural Language Generation (NLG),
such as completing a prompt with new text or translating in another language.
First we will see how to easily leverage the pipeline API to quickly use those pretrained models at inference. Then, we
will dig a little bit more and see how the library gives you access to those models and helps you preprocess your data.
.. note::
All code examples presented in the documentation have a switch on the top left for Pytorch versus TensorFlow. If
not, the code is expected to work for both backends without any change needed.
Getting started on a task with a pipeline
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The easiest way to use a pretrained model on a given task is to use :func:`~transformers.pipeline`. 🤗 Transformers
provides the following tasks out of the box:
- Sentiment analysis: is a text positive or negative?
- Text generation (in English): provide a prompt and the model will generate what follows.
- Name entity recognition (NER): in an input sentence, label each word with the entity it represents (person, place,
etc.)
- Question answering: provide the model with some context and a question, extract the answer from the context.
- Filling masked text: given a text with masked words (e.g., replaced by ``[MASK]``), fill the blanks.
- Summarization: generate a summary of a long text.
- Translation: translate a text in another language.
- Feature extraction: return a tensor representation of the text.
Let's see how this work for sentiment analysis (the other tasks are all covered in the
:doc:`task summary </task_summary>`):
.. code-block::
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> classifier = pipeline('sentiment-analysis')
When typing this command for the first time, a pretrained model and its tokenizer are downloaded and cached. We will
look at both later on, but as an introduction the tokenizer's job is to preprocess the text for the model, which is
then responsible for making predictions. The pipeline groups all of that together, and post-process the predictions to
make them readable. For instance:
.. code-block::
>>> classifier('We are very happy to show you the 🤗 Transformers library.')
[{'label': 'POSITIVE', 'score': 0.9997795224189758}]
That's encouraging! You can use it on a list of sentences, which will be preprocessed then fed to the model as a
`batch`, returning a list of dictionaries like this one:
.. code-block::
>>> results = classifier(["We are very happy to show you the 🤗 Transformers library.",
... "We hope you don't hate it."])
>>> for result in results:
... print(f"label: {result['label']}, with score: {round(result['score'], 4)}")
label: POSITIVE, with score: 0.9998
label: NEGATIVE, with score: 0.5309
You can see the second sentence has been classified as negative (it needs to be positive or negative) but its score is
fairly neutral.
By default, the model downloaded for this pipeline is called "distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english". We can
look at its `model page <https://huggingface.co/distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english>`__ to get more
information about it. It uses the :doc:`DistilBERT architecture </model_doc/distilbert>` and has been fine-tuned on a
dataset called SST-2 for the sentiment analysis task.
Let's say we want to use another model; for instance, one that has been trained on French data. We can search through
the `model hub <https://huggingface.co/models>`__ that gathers models pretrained on a lot of data by research labs, but
also community models (usually fine-tuned versions of those big models on a specific dataset). Applying the tags
"French" and "text-classification" gives back a suggestion "nlptown/bert-base-multilingual-uncased-sentiment". Let's
see how we can use it.
You can directly pass the name of the model to use to :func:`~transformers.pipeline`:
.. code-block::
>>> classifier = pipeline('sentiment-analysis', model="nlptown/bert-base-multilingual-uncased-sentiment")
This classifier can now deal with texts in English, French, but also Dutch, German, Italian and Spanish! You can also
replace that name by a local folder where you have saved a pretrained model (see below). You can also pass a model
object and its associated tokenizer.
We will need two classes for this. The first is :class:`~transformers.AutoTokenizer`, which we will use to download the
tokenizer associated to the model we picked and instantiate it. The second is
:class:`~transformers.AutoModelForSequenceClassification` (or
:class:`~transformers.TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification` if you are using TensorFlow), which we will use to download
the model itself. Note that if we were using the library on an other task, the class of the model would change. The
:doc:`task summary </task_summary>` tutorial summarizes which class is used for which task.
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification
Now, to download the models and tokenizer we found previously, we just have to use the
:func:`~transformers.AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained` method (feel free to replace ``model_name`` by
any other model from the model hub):
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> model_name = "nlptown/bert-base-multilingual-uncased-sentiment"
>>> model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> pipe = pipeline('sentiment-analysis', model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> model_name = "nlptown/bert-base-multilingual-uncased-sentiment"
>>> # This model only exists in PyTorch, so we use the `from_pt` flag to import that model in TensorFlow.
>>> model = TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name, from_pt=True)
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> classifier = pipeline('sentiment-analysis', model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
If you don't find a model that has been pretrained on some data similar to yours, you will need to fine-tune a
pretrained model on your data. We provide :doc:`example scripts </examples>` to do so. Once you're done, don't forget
to share your fine-tuned model on the hub with the community, using :doc:`this tutorial </model_sharing>`.
.. _pretrained-model:
Under the hood: pretrained models
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Let's now see what happens beneath the hood when using those pipelines. As we saw, the model and tokenizer are created
using the :obj:`from_pretrained` method:
::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification
>>> model_name = "distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english"
>>> pt_model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification
>>> model_name = "distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english"
>>> tf_model = TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
Using the tokenizer
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We mentioned the tokenizer is responsible for the preprocessing of your texts. First, it will split a given text in
words (or part of words, punctuation symbols, etc.) usually called `tokens`. There are multiple rules that can govern
that process, which is why we need to instantiate the tokenizer using the name of the model, to make sure we use the
same rules as when the model was pretrained.
The second step is to convert those `tokens` into numbers, to be able to build a tensor out of them and feed them to
the model. To do this, the tokenizer has a `vocab`, which is the part we download when we instantiate it with the
:obj:`from_pretrained` method, since we need to use the same `vocab` as when the model was pretrained.
To apply these steps on a given text, we can just feed it to our tokenizer:
.. code-block::
>>> inputs = tokenizer("We are very happy to show you the 🤗 Transformers library.")
This returns a dictionary string to list of ints. It contains the `ids of the tokens <glossary.html#input-ids>`__,
as mentioned before, but also additional arguments that will be useful to the model. Here for instance, we also have an
`attention mask <glossary.html#attention-mask>`__ that the model will use to have a better understanding of the sequence:
.. code-block::
>>> print(inputs)
{'input_ids': [101, 2057, 2024, 2200, 3407, 2000, 2265, 2017, 1996, 100, 19081, 3075, 1012, 102], 'attention_mask': [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]}
You can pass a list of sentences directly to your tokenizer. If your goal is to send them through your model as a
batch, you probably want to pad them all to the same length, truncate them to the maximum length the model can accept
and get tensors back. You can specify all of that to the tokenizer:
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> pt_batch = tokenizer(
... ["We are very happy to show you the 🤗 Transformers library.", "We hope you don't hate it."],
... padding=True,
... truncation=True,
... return_tensors="pt"
... )
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> tf_batch = tokenizer(
... ["We are very happy to show you the 🤗 Transformers library.", "We hope you don't hate it."],
... padding=True,
... truncation=True,
... return_tensors="tf"
... )
The padding is automatically applied on the side the model expect it (in this case, on the right), with the
padding token the model was pretrained with. The attention mask is also adapted to take the padding into account:
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> for key, value in pt_batch.items():
... print(f"{key}: {value.numpy().tolist()}")
input_ids: [[101, 2057, 2024, 2200, 3407, 2000, 2265, 2017, 1996, 100, 19081, 3075, 1012, 102], [101, 2057, 3246, 2017, 2123, 1005, 1056, 5223, 2009, 1012, 102, 0, 0, 0]]
attention_mask: [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> for key, value in tf_batch.items():
... print(f"{key}: {value.numpy().tolist()}")
input_ids: [[101, 2057, 2024, 2200, 3407, 2000, 2265, 2017, 1996, 100, 19081, 3075, 1012, 102], [101, 2057, 3246, 2017, 2123, 1005, 1056, 5223, 2009, 1012, 102, 0, 0, 0]]
attention_mask: [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]]
You can learn more about tokenizers :doc:`here <preprocessing>`.
Using the model
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Once your input has been preprocessed by the tokenizer, you can directly send it to the model. As we mentioned, it will
contain all the relevant information the model needs. If you're using a TensorFlow model, you can directly pass the
dictionary keys to tensor, for a PyTorch model, you need to unpack the dictionary by adding :obj:`**`.
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> pt_outputs = pt_model(**pt_batch)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> tf_outputs = tf_model(tf_batch)
In 🤗 Transformers, all outputs are tuples (with only one element potentially). Here, we get a tuple with just the
final activations of the model.
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> print(pt_outputs)
(tensor([[-4.0833, 4.3364],
[ 0.0818, -0.0418]], grad_fn=<AddmmBackward>),)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> print(tf_outputs)
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(2, 2), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[-4.0832963 , 4.3364134 ],
[ 0.08181238, -0.04178794]], dtype=float32)>,)
.. note::
All 🤗 Transformers models (PyTorch or TensorFlow) return the activations of the model *before* the final
activation function (like SoftMax) since this final activation function is often fused with the loss.
Let's apply the SoftMax activation to get predictions.
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> import torch.nn.functional as F
>>> pt_predictions = F.softmax(pt_outputs[0], dim=-1)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> tf_predictions = tf.nn.softmax(tf_outputs[0], axis=-1)
We can see we get the numbers from before:
.. code-block::
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> print(tf_predictions)
tf.Tensor(
[[2.2042994e-04 9.9977952e-01]
[5.3086078e-01 4.6913919e-01]], shape=(2, 2), dtype=float32)
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> print(pt_predictions)
tensor([[2.2043e-04, 9.9978e-01],
[5.3086e-01, 4.6914e-01]], grad_fn=<SoftmaxBackward>)
If you have labels, you can provide them to the model, it will return a tuple with the loss and the final activations.
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> import torch
>>> pt_outputs = pt_model(**pt_batch, labels = torch.tensor([1, 0]))
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> tf_outputs = tf_model(tf_batch, labels = tf.constant([1, 0]))
Models are standard `torch.nn.Module <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.Module>`__ or
`tf.keras.Model <https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/Model>`__ so you can use them in your usual
training loop. 🤗 Transformers also provides a :class:`~transformers.Trainer` (or :class:`~transformers.TFTrainer` if
you are using TensorFlow) class to help with your training (taking care of things such as distributed training, mixed
precision, etc.). See the training tutorial (coming soon) for more details.
Once your model is fine-tuned, you can save it with its tokenizer the following way:
::
tokenizer.save_pretrained(save_directory)
model.save_pretrained(save_directory)
You can then load this model back using the :func:`~transformers.AutoModel.from_pretrained` method by passing the
directory name instead of the model name. One cool feature of 🤗 Transformers is that you can easily switch between
PyTorch and TensorFlow: any model saved as before can be loaded back either in PyTorch or TensorFlow. If you are
loading a saved PyTorch model in a TensorFlow model, use :func:`~transformers.TFAutoModel.from_pretrained` like this:
::
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(save_directory)
model = TFAutoModel.from_pretrained(save_directory, from_pt=True)
and if you are loading a saved TensorFlow model in a PyTorch model, you should use the following code:
::
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(save_directory)
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(save_directory, from_tf=True)
Lastly, you can also ask the model to return all hidden states and all attention weights if you need them:
::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> pt_outputs = pt_model(**pt_batch, output_hidden_states=True, output_attentions=True)
>>> all_hidden_states, all_attentions = pt_outputs[-2:]
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> tf_outputs = tf_model(tf_batch, output_hidden_states=True, output_attentions=True)
>>> all_hidden_states, all_attentions = tf_outputs[-2:]
Accessing the code
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The :obj:`AutoModel` and :obj:`AutoTokenizer` classes are just shortcuts that will automatically work with any
pretrained model. Behind the scenes, the library has one model class per combination of architecture plus class, so the
code is easy to access and tweak if you need to.
In our previous example, the model was called "distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english", which means it's
using the :doc:`DistilBERT </model_doc/distilbert>` architecture. The model automatically created is then a
:class:`~transformers.DistilBertForSequenceClassification`. You can look at its documentation for all details relevant
to that specific model, or browse the source code. This is how you would directly instantiate model and tokenizer
without the auto magic:
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import DistilBertTokenizer, DistilBertForSequenceClassification
>>> model_name = "distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english"
>>> model = DistilBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> tokenizer = DistilBertTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import DistilBertTokenizer, TFDistilBertForSequenceClassification
>>> model_name = "distilbert-base-uncased-finetuned-sst-2-english"
>>> model = TFDistilBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> tokenizer = DistilBertTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
Customizing the model
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If you want to change how the model itself is built, you can define your custom configuration class. Each architecture
comes with its own relevant configuration (in the case of DistilBERT, :class:`~transformers.DistilBertConfig`) which
allows you to specify any of the hidden dimension, dropout rate etc. If you do core modifications, like changing the
hidden size, you won't be able to use a pretrained model anymore and will need to train from scratch. You would then
instantiate the model directly from this configuration.
Here we use the predefined vocabulary of DistilBERT (hence load the tokenizer with the
:func:`~transformers.DistilBertTokenizer.from_pretrained` method) and initialize the model from scratch (hence
instantiate the model from the configuration instead of using the
:func:`~transformers.DistilBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained` method).
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import DistilBertConfig, DistilBertTokenizer, DistilBertForSequenceClassification
>>> config = DistilBertConfig(n_heads=8, dim=512, hidden_dim=4*512)
>>> tokenizer = DistilBertTokenizer.from_pretrained('distilbert-base-uncased')
>>> model = DistilBertForSequenceClassification(config)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import DistilBertConfig, DistilBertTokenizer, TFDistilBertForSequenceClassification
>>> config = DistilBertConfig(n_heads=8, dim=512, hidden_dim=4*512)
>>> tokenizer = DistilBertTokenizer.from_pretrained('distilbert-base-uncased')
>>> model = TFDistilBertForSequenceClassification(config)
For something that only changes the head of the model (for instance, the number of labels), you can still use a
pretrained model for the body. For instance, let's define a classifier for 10 different labels using a pretrained body.
We could create a configuration with all the default values and just change the number of labels, but more easily, you
can directly pass any argument a configuration would take to the :func:`from_pretrained` method and it will update the
default configuration with it:
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import DistilBertConfig, DistilBertTokenizer, DistilBertForSequenceClassification
>>> model_name = "distilbert-base-uncased"
>>> model = DistilBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name, num_labels=10)
>>> tokenizer = DistilBertTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import DistilBertConfig, DistilBertTokenizer, TFDistilBertForSequenceClassification
>>> model_name = "distilbert-base-uncased"
>>> model = TFDistilBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_name, num_labels=10)
>>> tokenizer = DistilBertTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
+103 -2
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@@ -1,3 +1,104 @@
Loading Google AI or OpenAI pre-trained weights or PyTorch dump
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
``from_pretrained()`` method
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To load one of Google AI's, OpenAI's pre-trained models or a PyTorch saved model (an instance of ``BertForPreTraining`` saved with ``torch.save()``\ ), the PyTorch model classes and the tokenizer can be instantiated using the ``from_pretrained()`` method:
.. code-block:: python
model = BERT_CLASS.from_pretrained(PRE_TRAINED_MODEL_NAME_OR_PATH, cache_dir=None, from_tf=False, state_dict=None, *input, **kwargs)
where
* ``BERT_CLASS`` is either a tokenizer to load the vocabulary (\ ``BertTokenizer`` or ``OpenAIGPTTokenizer`` classes) or one of the eight BERT or three OpenAI GPT PyTorch model classes (to load the pre-trained weights): ``BertModel``\ , ``BertForMaskedLM``\ , ``BertForNextSentencePrediction``\ , ``BertForPreTraining``\ , ``BertForSequenceClassification``\ , ``BertForTokenClassification``\ , ``BertForMultipleChoice``\ , ``BertForQuestionAnswering``\ , ``OpenAIGPTModel``\ , ``OpenAIGPTLMHeadModel`` or ``OpenAIGPTDoubleHeadsModel``\ , and
*
``PRE_TRAINED_MODEL_NAME_OR_PATH`` is either:
*
the shortcut name of a Google AI's or OpenAI's pre-trained model selected in the list:
* ``bert-base-uncased``: 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters
* ``bert-large-uncased``: 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 340M parameters
* ``bert-base-cased``: 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads , 110M parameters
* ``bert-large-cased``: 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 340M parameters
* ``bert-base-multilingual-uncased``: (Orig, not recommended) 102 languages, 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters
* ``bert-base-multilingual-cased``: **(New, recommended)** 104 languages, 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters
* ``bert-base-chinese``: Chinese Simplified and Traditional, 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters
* ``bert-base-german-cased``: Trained on German data only, 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters `Performance Evaluation <https://deepset.ai/german-bert>`__
* ``bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking``: 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 340M parameters - Trained with Whole Word Masking (mask all of the the tokens corresponding to a word at once)
* ``bert-large-cased-whole-word-masking``: 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 340M parameters - Trained with Whole Word Masking (mask all of the the tokens corresponding to a word at once)
* ``bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad``: The ``bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking`` model finetuned on SQuAD (using the ``run_bert_squad.py`` examples). Results: *exact_match: 86.91579943235573, f1: 93.1532499015869*
* ``bert-base-german-dbmdz-cased``: Trained on German data only, 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters `Performance Evaluation <https://github.com/dbmdz/german-bert>`__
* ``bert-base-german-dbmdz-uncased``: Trained on (uncased) German data only, 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters `Performance Evaluation <https://github.com/dbmdz/german-bert>`__
* ``openai-gpt``: OpenAI GPT English model, 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 110M parameters
* ``gpt2``: OpenAI GPT-2 English model, 12-layer, 768-hidden, 12-heads, 117M parameters
* ``gpt2-medium``: OpenAI GPT-2 English model, 24-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 345M parameters
* ``transfo-xl-wt103``: Transformer-XL English model trained on wikitext-103, 18-layer, 1024-hidden, 16-heads, 257M parameters
*
a path or url to a pretrained model archive containing:
* ``bert_config.json`` or ``openai_gpt_config.json`` a configuration file for the model, and
* ``pytorch_model.bin`` a PyTorch dump of a pre-trained instance of ``BertForPreTraining``\ , ``OpenAIGPTModel``\ , ``TransfoXLModel``\ , ``GPT2LMHeadModel`` (saved with the usual ``torch.save()``\ )
If ``PRE_TRAINED_MODEL_NAME_OR_PATH`` is a shortcut name, the pre-trained weights will be downloaded from AWS S3 (see the links `here <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/transformers/modeling_bert.py>`__\ ) and stored in a cache folder to avoid future download (the cache folder can be found at ``~/.pytorch_pretrained_bert/``\ ).
*
``cache_dir`` can be an optional path to a specific directory to download and cache the pre-trained model weights. This option is useful in particular when you are using distributed training: to avoid concurrent access to the same weights you can set for example ``cache_dir='./pretrained_model_{}'.format(args.local_rank)`` (see the section on distributed training for more information).
* ``from_tf``\ : should we load the weights from a locally saved TensorFlow checkpoint
* ``state_dict``\ : an optional state dictionary (collections.OrderedDict object) to use instead of Google pre-trained models
* ``*inputs``\ , `**kwargs`: additional input for the specific Bert class (ex: num_labels for BertForSequenceClassification)
``Uncased`` means that the text has been lowercased before WordPiece tokenization, e.g., ``John Smith`` becomes ``john smith``. The Uncased model also strips out any accent markers. ``Cased`` means that the true case and accent markers are preserved. Typically, the Uncased model is better unless you know that case information is important for your task (e.g., Named Entity Recognition or Part-of-Speech tagging). For information about the Multilingual and Chinese model, see the `Multilingual README <https://github.com/google-research/bert/blob/master/multilingual.md>`__ or the original TensorFlow repository.
When using an ``uncased model``\ , make sure to pass ``--do_lower_case`` to the example training scripts (or pass ``do_lower_case=True`` to FullTokenizer if you're using your own script and loading the tokenizer your-self.).
Examples:
.. code-block:: python
# BERT
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased', do_lower_case=True, do_basic_tokenize=True)
model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
# OpenAI GPT
tokenizer = OpenAIGPTTokenizer.from_pretrained('openai-gpt')
model = OpenAIGPTModel.from_pretrained('openai-gpt')
# Transformer-XL
tokenizer = TransfoXLTokenizer.from_pretrained('transfo-xl-wt103')
model = TransfoXLModel.from_pretrained('transfo-xl-wt103')
# OpenAI GPT-2
tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained('gpt2')
model = GPT2Model.from_pretrained('gpt2')
Cache directory
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``pytorch_pretrained_bert`` save the pretrained weights in a cache directory which is located at (in this order of priority):
* ``cache_dir`` optional arguments to the ``from_pretrained()`` method (see above),
* shell environment variable ``PYTORCH_PRETRAINED_BERT_CACHE``\ ,
* PyTorch cache home + ``/pytorch_pretrained_bert/``
where PyTorch cache home is defined by (in this order):
* shell environment variable ``ENV_TORCH_HOME``
* shell environment variable ``ENV_XDG_CACHE_HOME`` + ``/torch/``\ )
* default: ``~/.cache/torch/``
Usually, if you don't set any specific environment variable, ``pytorch_pretrained_bert`` cache will be at ``~/.cache/torch/pytorch_pretrained_bert/``.
You can alsways safely delete ``pytorch_pretrained_bert`` cache but the pretrained model weights and vocabulary files wil have to be re-downloaded from our S3.
Serialization best-practices
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -39,13 +140,13 @@ Here is the recommended way of saving the model, configuration and vocabulary to
torch.save(model_to_save.state_dict(), output_model_file)
model_to_save.config.to_json_file(output_config_file)
tokenizer.save_pretrained(output_dir)
tokenizer.save_vocabulary(output_dir)
# Step 2: Re-load the saved model and vocabulary
# Example for a Bert model
model = BertForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained(output_dir)
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained(output_dir) # Add specific options if needed
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained(output_dir, do_lower_case=args.do_lower_case) # Add specific options if needed
# Example for a GPT model
model = OpenAIGPTDoubleHeadsModel.from_pretrained(output_dir)
tokenizer = OpenAIGPTTokenizer.from_pretrained(output_dir)
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Summary of the tasks
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This page shows the most frequent use-cases when using the library. The models available allow for many different
configurations and a great versatility in use-cases. The most simple ones are presented here, showcasing usage
for tasks such as question answering, sequence classification, named entity recognition and others.
These examples leverage auto-models, which are classes that will instantiate a model according to a given checkpoint,
automatically selecting the correct model architecture. Please check the :class:`~transformers.AutoModel` documentation
for more information.
Feel free to modify the code to be more specific and adapt it to your specific use-case.
In order for a model to perform well on a task, it must be loaded from a checkpoint corresponding to that task. These
checkpoints are usually pre-trained on a large corpus of data and fine-tuned on a specific task. This means the
following:
- Not all models were fine-tuned on all tasks. If you want to fine-tune a model on a specific task, you can leverage
one of the `run_$TASK.py` script in the
`examples <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples>`_ directory.
- Fine-tuned models were fine-tuned on a specific dataset. This dataset may or may not overlap with your use-case
and domain. As mentioned previously, you may leverage the
`examples <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples>`_ scripts to fine-tune your model, or you
may create your own training script.
In order to do an inference on a task, several mechanisms are made available by the library:
- Pipelines: very easy-to-use abstractions, which require as little as two lines of code.
- Using a model directly with a tokenizer (PyTorch/TensorFlow): the full inference using the model. Less abstraction,
but much more powerful.
Both approaches are showcased here.
.. note::
All tasks presented here leverage pre-trained checkpoints that were fine-tuned on specific tasks. Loading a
checkpoint that was not fine-tuned on a specific task would load only the base transformer layers and not the
additional head that is used for the task, initializing the weights of that head randomly.
This would produce random output.
Sequence Classification
--------------------------
Sequence classification is the task of classifying sequences according to a given number of classes. An example
of sequence classification is the GLUE dataset, which is entirely based on that task. If you would like to fine-tune
a model on a GLUE sequence classification task, you may leverage the
`run_glue.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/text-classification/run_glue.py>`_ or
`run_tf_glue.py <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/text-classification/run_tf_glue.py>`_ scripts.
Here is an example using the pipelines do to sentiment analysis: identifying if a sequence is positive or negative.
It leverages a fine-tuned model on sst2, which is a GLUE task.
This returns a label ("POSITIVE" or "NEGATIVE") alongside a score, as follows:
.. code-block::
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> nlp = pipeline("sentiment-analysis")
>>> result = nlp("I hate you")[0]
>>> print(f"label: {result['label']}, with score: {round(result['score'], 4)}")
label: NEGATIVE, with score: 0.9991
>>> result = nlp("I love you")[0]
>>> print(f"label: {result['label']}, with score: {round(result['score'], 4)}")
label: POSITIVE, with score: 0.9999
Here is an example of doing a sequence classification using a model to determine if two sequences are paraphrases
of each other. The process is the following:
- Instantiate a tokenizer and a model from the checkpoint name. The model is identified as a BERT model and loads it
with the weights stored in the checkpoint.
- Build a sequence from the two sentences, with the correct model-specific separators token type ids
and attention masks (:func:`~transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode` and
:func:`~transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.encode_plus` take care of this)
- Pass this sequence through the model so that it is classified in one of the two available classes: 0
(not a paraphrase) and 1 (is a paraphrase)
- Compute the softmax of the result to get probabilities over the classes
- Print the results
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSequenceClassification
>>> import torch
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-cased-finetuned-mrpc")
>>> model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("bert-base-cased-finetuned-mrpc")
>>> classes = ["not paraphrase", "is paraphrase"]
>>> sequence_0 = "The company HuggingFace is based in New York City"
>>> sequence_1 = "Apples are especially bad for your health"
>>> sequence_2 = "HuggingFace's headquarters are situated in Manhattan"
>>> paraphrase = tokenizer.encode_plus(sequence_0, sequence_2, return_tensors="pt")
>>> not_paraphrase = tokenizer.encode_plus(sequence_0, sequence_1, return_tensors="pt")
>>> paraphrase_classification_logits = model(**paraphrase)[0]
>>> not_paraphrase_classification_logits = model(**not_paraphrase)[0]
>>> paraphrase_results = torch.softmax(paraphrase_classification_logits, dim=1).tolist()[0]
>>> not_paraphrase_results = torch.softmax(not_paraphrase_classification_logits, dim=1).tolist()[0]
>>> # Should be paraphrase
>>> for i in range(len(classes)):
... print(f"{classes[i]}: {int(round(paraphrase_results[i] * 100))}%")
not paraphrase: 10%
is paraphrase: 90%
>>> # Should not be paraphrase
>>> for i in range(len(classes)):
... print(f"{classes[i]}: {int(round(not_paraphrase_results[i] * 100))}%")
not paraphrase: 94%
is paraphrase: 6%
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-cased-finetuned-mrpc")
>>> model = TFAutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("bert-base-cased-finetuned-mrpc")
>>> classes = ["not paraphrase", "is paraphrase"]
>>> sequence_0 = "The company HuggingFace is based in New York City"
>>> sequence_1 = "Apples are especially bad for your health"
>>> sequence_2 = "HuggingFace's headquarters are situated in Manhattan"
>>> paraphrase = tokenizer.encode_plus(sequence_0, sequence_2, return_tensors="tf")
>>> not_paraphrase = tokenizer.encode_plus(sequence_0, sequence_1, return_tensors="tf")
>>> paraphrase_classification_logits = model(paraphrase)[0]
>>> not_paraphrase_classification_logits = model(not_paraphrase)[0]
>>> paraphrase_results = tf.nn.softmax(paraphrase_classification_logits, axis=1).numpy()[0]
>>> not_paraphrase_results = tf.nn.softmax(not_paraphrase_classification_logits, axis=1).numpy()[0]
>>> # Should be paraphrase
>>> for i in range(len(classes)):
... print(f"{classes[i]}: {int(round(paraphrase_results[i] * 100))}%")
not paraphrase: 10%
is paraphrase: 90%
>>> # Should not be paraphrase
>>> for i in range(len(classes)):
... print(f"{classes[i]}: {int(round(not_paraphrase_results[i] * 100))}%")
not paraphrase: 94%
is paraphrase: 6%
Extractive Question Answering
----------------------------------------------------
Extractive Question Answering is the task of extracting an answer from a text given a question. An example of a
question answering dataset is the SQuAD dataset, which is entirely based on that task. If you would like to fine-tune
a model on a SQuAD task, you may leverage the `run_squad.py`.
Here is an example using the pipelines do to question answering: extracting an answer from a text given a question.
It leverages a fine-tuned model on SQuAD.
.. code-block::
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> nlp = pipeline("question-answering")
>>> context = r"""
... Extractive Question Answering is the task of extracting an answer from a text given a question. An example of a
... question answering dataset is the SQuAD dataset, which is entirely based on that task. If you would like to fine-tune
... a model on a SQuAD task, you may leverage the examples/question-answering/run_squad.py script.
... """
This returns an answer extracted from the text, a confidence score, alongside "start" and "end" values which
are the positions of the extracted answer in the text.
.. code-block::
>>> result = nlp(question="What is extractive question answering?", context=context)
>>> print(f"Answer: '{result['answer']}', score: {round(result['score'], 4)}, start: {result['start']}, end: {result['end']}")
Answer: 'the task of extracting an answer from a text given a question.', score: 0.6226, start: 34, end: 96
>>> result = nlp(question="What is a good example of a question answering dataset?", context=context)
>>> print(f"Answer: '{result['answer']}', score: {round(result['score'], 4)}, start: {result['start']}, end: {result['end']}")
Answer: 'SQuAD dataset,', score: 0.5053, start: 147, end: 161
Here is an example of question answering using a model and a tokenizer. The process is the following:
- Instantiate a tokenizer and a model from the checkpoint name. The model is identified as a BERT model and loads it
with the weights stored in the checkpoint.
- Define a text and a few questions.
- Iterate over the questions and build a sequence from the text and the current question, with the correct
model-specific separators token type ids and attention masks
- Pass this sequence through the model. This outputs a range of scores across the entire sequence tokens (question and
text), for both the start and end positions.
- Compute the softmax of the result to get probabilities over the tokens
- Fetch the tokens from the identified start and stop values, convert those tokens to a string.
- Print the results
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForQuestionAnswering
>>> import torch
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad")
>>> model = AutoModelForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad")
>>> text = r"""
... 🤗 Transformers (formerly known as pytorch-transformers and pytorch-pretrained-bert) provides general-purpose
... architectures (BERT, GPT-2, RoBERTa, XLM, DistilBert, XLNet…) for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural
... Language Generation (NLG) with over 32+ pretrained models in 100+ languages and deep interoperability between
... TensorFlow 2.0 and PyTorch.
... """
>>> questions = [
... "How many pretrained models are available in 🤗 Transformers?",
... "What does 🤗 Transformers provide?",
... "🤗 Transformers provides interoperability between which frameworks?",
... ]
>>> for question in questions:
... inputs = tokenizer.encode_plus(question, text, add_special_tokens=True, return_tensors="pt")
... input_ids = inputs["input_ids"].tolist()[0]
...
... text_tokens = tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids)
... answer_start_scores, answer_end_scores = model(**inputs)
...
... answer_start = torch.argmax(
... answer_start_scores
... ) # Get the most likely beginning of answer with the argmax of the score
... answer_end = torch.argmax(answer_end_scores) + 1 # Get the most likely end of answer with the argmax of the score
...
... answer = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_string(tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids[answer_start:answer_end]))
...
... print(f"Question: {question}")
... print(f"Answer: {answer}")
Question: How many pretrained models are available in 🤗 Transformers?
Answer: over 32 +
Question: What does 🤗 Transformers provide?
Answer: general - purpose architectures
Question: 🤗 Transformers provides interoperability between which frameworks?
Answer: tensorflow 2 . 0 and pytorch
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, TFAutoModelForQuestionAnswering
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad")
>>> model = TFAutoModelForQuestionAnswering.from_pretrained("bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad")
>>> text = r"""
... 🤗 Transformers (formerly known as pytorch-transformers and pytorch-pretrained-bert) provides general-purpose
... architectures (BERT, GPT-2, RoBERTa, XLM, DistilBert, XLNet…) for Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural
... Language Generation (NLG) with over 32+ pretrained models in 100+ languages and deep interoperability between
... TensorFlow 2.0 and PyTorch.
... """
>>> questions = [
... "How many pretrained models are available in 🤗 Transformers?",
... "What does 🤗 Transformers provide?",
... "🤗 Transformers provides interoperability between which frameworks?",
... ]
>>> for question in questions:
... inputs = tokenizer.encode_plus(question, text, add_special_tokens=True, return_tensors="tf")
... input_ids = inputs["input_ids"].numpy()[0]
...
... text_tokens = tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids)
... answer_start_scores, answer_end_scores = model(inputs)
...
... answer_start = tf.argmax(
... answer_start_scores, axis=1
... ).numpy()[0] # Get the most likely beginning of answer with the argmax of the score
... answer_end = (
... tf.argmax(answer_end_scores, axis=1) + 1
... ).numpy()[0] # Get the most likely end of answer with the argmax of the score
... answer = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_string(tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids[answer_start:answer_end]))
...
... print(f"Question: {question}")
... print(f"Answer: {answer}")
Question: How many pretrained models are available in 🤗 Transformers?
Answer: over 32 +
Question: What does 🤗 Transformers provide?
Answer: general - purpose architectures
Question: 🤗 Transformers provides interoperability between which frameworks?
Answer: tensorflow 2 . 0 and pytorch
Language Modeling
----------------------------------------------------
Language modeling is the task of fitting a model to a corpus, which can be domain specific. All popular transformer
based models are trained using a variant of language modeling, e.g. BERT with masked language modeling, GPT-2 with
causal language modeling.
Language modeling can be useful outside of pre-training as well, for example to shift the model distribution to be
domain-specific: using a language model trained over a very large corpus, and then fine-tuning it to a news dataset
or on scientific papers e.g. `LysandreJik/arxiv-nlp <https://huggingface.co/lysandre/arxiv-nlp>`__.
Masked Language Modeling
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Masked language modeling is the task of masking tokens in a sequence with a masking token, and prompting the model to
fill that mask with an appropriate token. This allows the model to attend to both the right context (tokens on the
right of the mask) and the left context (tokens on the left of the mask). Such a training creates a strong basis
for downstream tasks requiring bi-directional context such as SQuAD (question answering,
see `Lewis, Lui, Goyal et al. <https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.13461>`__, part 4.2).
Here is an example of using pipelines to replace a mask from a sequence:
.. code-block::
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> nlp = pipeline("fill-mask")
This outputs the sequences with the mask filled, the confidence score as well as the token id in the tokenizer
vocabulary:
.. code-block::
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> pprint(nlp(f"HuggingFace is creating a {nlp.tokenizer.mask_token} that the community uses to solve NLP tasks."))
[{'score': 0.1792745739221573,
'sequence': '<s>HuggingFace is creating a tool that the community uses to '
'solve NLP tasks.</s>',
'token': 3944,
'token_str': 'Ġtool'},
{'score': 0.11349421739578247,
'sequence': '<s>HuggingFace is creating a framework that the community uses '
'to solve NLP tasks.</s>',
'token': 7208,
'token_str': 'Ġframework'},
{'score': 0.05243554711341858,
'sequence': '<s>HuggingFace is creating a library that the community uses to '
'solve NLP tasks.</s>',
'token': 5560,
'token_str': 'Ġlibrary'},
{'score': 0.03493533283472061,
'sequence': '<s>HuggingFace is creating a database that the community uses '
'to solve NLP tasks.</s>',
'token': 8503,
'token_str': 'Ġdatabase'},
{'score': 0.02860250137746334,
'sequence': '<s>HuggingFace is creating a prototype that the community uses '
'to solve NLP tasks.</s>',
'token': 17715,
'token_str': 'Ġprototype'}]
Here is an example doing masked language modeling using a model and a tokenizer. The process is the following:
- Instantiate a tokenizer and a model from the checkpoint name. The model is identified as a DistilBERT model and
loads it with the weights stored in the checkpoint.
- Define a sequence with a masked token, placing the :obj:`tokenizer.mask_token` instead of a word.
- Encode that sequence into IDs and find the position of the masked token in that list of IDs.
- Retrieve the predictions at the index of the mask token: this tensor has the same size as the vocabulary, and the
values are the scores attributed to each token. The model gives higher score to tokens he deems probable in that
context.
- Retrieve the top 5 tokens using the PyTorch :obj:`topk` or TensorFlow :obj:`top_k` methods.
- Replace the mask token by the tokens and print the results
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer
>>> import torch
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("distilbert-base-cased")
>>> model = AutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("distilbert-base-cased")
>>> sequence = f"Distilled models are smaller than the models they mimic. Using them instead of the large versions would help {tokenizer.mask_token} our carbon footprint."
>>> input = tokenizer.encode(sequence, return_tensors="pt")
>>> mask_token_index = torch.where(input == tokenizer.mask_token_id)[1]
>>> token_logits = model(input)[0]
>>> mask_token_logits = token_logits[0, mask_token_index, :]
>>> top_5_tokens = torch.topk(mask_token_logits, 5, dim=1).indices[0].tolist()
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import TFAutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("distilbert-base-cased")
>>> model = TFAutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("distilbert-base-cased")
>>> sequence = f"Distilled models are smaller than the models they mimic. Using them instead of the large versions would help {tokenizer.mask_token} our carbon footprint."
>>> input = tokenizer.encode(sequence, return_tensors="tf")
>>> mask_token_index = tf.where(input == tokenizer.mask_token_id)[0, 1]
>>> token_logits = model(input)[0]
>>> mask_token_logits = token_logits[0, mask_token_index, :]
>>> top_5_tokens = tf.math.top_k(mask_token_logits, 5).indices.numpy()
This prints five sequences, with the top 5 tokens predicted by the model:
.. code-block::
>>> for token in top_5_tokens:
... print(sequence.replace(tokenizer.mask_token, tokenizer.decode([token])))
Distilled models are smaller than the models they mimic. Using them instead of the large versions would help reduce our carbon footprint.
Distilled models are smaller than the models they mimic. Using them instead of the large versions would help increase our carbon footprint.
Distilled models are smaller than the models they mimic. Using them instead of the large versions would help decrease our carbon footprint.
Distilled models are smaller than the models they mimic. Using them instead of the large versions would help offset our carbon footprint.
Distilled models are smaller than the models they mimic. Using them instead of the large versions would help improve our carbon footprint.
Causal Language Modeling
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Causal language modeling is the task of predicting the token following a sequence of tokens. In this situation, the
model only attends to the left context (tokens on the left of the mask). Such a training is particularly interesting
for generation tasks.
Usually, the next token is predicted by sampling from the logits of the last hidden state the model produces from the input sequence.
Here is an example using the tokenizer and model and leveraging the :func:`~transformers.PreTrainedModel.top_k_top_p_filtering` method to sample the next token following an input sequence of tokens.
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer, top_k_top_p_filtering
>>> import torch
>>> from torch.nn import functional as F
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("gpt2")
>>> model = AutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("gpt2")
>>> sequence = f"Hugging Face is based in DUMBO, New York City, and "
>>> input_ids = tokenizer.encode(sequence, return_tensors="pt")
>>> # get logits of last hidden state
>>> next_token_logits = model(input_ids)[0][:, -1, :]
>>> # filter
>>> filtered_next_token_logits = top_k_top_p_filtering(next_token_logits, top_k=50, top_p=1.0)
>>> # sample
>>> probs = F.softmax(filtered_next_token_logits, dim=-1)
>>> next_token = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1)
>>> generated = torch.cat([input_ids, next_token], dim=-1)
>>> resulting_string = tokenizer.decode(generated.tolist()[0])
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import TFAutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer, tf_top_k_top_p_filtering
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("gpt2")
>>> model = TFAutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("gpt2")
>>> sequence = f"Hugging Face is based in DUMBO, New York City, and "
>>> input_ids = tokenizer.encode(sequence, return_tensors="tf")
>>> # get logits of last hidden state
>>> next_token_logits = model(input_ids)[0][:, -1, :]
>>> # filter
>>> filtered_next_token_logits = tf_top_k_top_p_filtering(next_token_logits, top_k=50, top_p=1.0)
>>> # sample
>>> next_token = tf.random.categorical(filtered_next_token_logits, dtype=tf.int32, num_samples=1)
>>> generated = tf.concat([input_ids, next_token], axis=1)
>>> resulting_string = tokenizer.decode(generated.numpy().tolist()[0])
This outputs a (hopefully) coherent next token following the original sequence, which is in our case is the word *has*:
.. code-block::
print(resulting_string)
Hugging Face is based in DUMBO, New York City, and has
In the next section, we show how this functionality is leveraged in :func:`~transformers.PreTrainedModel.generate` to generate multiple tokens up to a user-defined length.
Text Generation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In text generation (*a.k.a* *open-ended text generation*) the goal is to create a coherent portion of text that is a continuation from the given context. As an example, is it shown how *GPT-2* can be used in pipelines to generate text. As a default all models apply *Top-K* sampling when used in pipelines as configured in their respective configurations (see `gpt-2 config <https://s3.amazonaws.com/models.huggingface.co/bert/gpt2-config.json>`_ for example).
.. code-block::
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> text_generator = pipeline("text-generation")
>>> print(text_generator("As far as I am concerned, I will", max_length=50, do_sample=False))
[{'generated_text': 'As far as I am concerned, I will be the first to admit that I am not a fan of the idea of a "free market." I think that the idea of a free market is a bit of a stretch. I think that the idea'}]
Here the model generates a random text with a total maximal length of *50* tokens from context *"As far as I am concerned, I will"*.
The default arguments of ``PreTrainedModel.generate()`` can directly be overriden in the pipeline as is shown above for the argument ``max_length``.
Here is an example for text generation using XLNet and its tokenzier.
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer
>>> model = AutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("xlnet-base-cased")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("xlnet-base-cased")
>>> # Padding text helps XLNet with short prompts - proposed by Aman Rusia in https://github.com/rusiaaman/XLNet-gen#methodology
>>> PADDING_TEXT = """In 1991, the remains of Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family
... (except for Alexei and Maria) are discovered.
... The voice of Nicholas's young son, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich, narrates the
... remainder of the story. 1883 Western Siberia,
... a young Grigori Rasputin is asked by his father and a group of men to perform magic.
... Rasputin has a vision and denounces one of the men as a horse thief. Although his
... father initially slaps him for making such an accusation, Rasputin watches as the
... man is chased outside and beaten. Twenty years later, Rasputin sees a vision of
... the Virgin Mary, prompting him to become a priest. Rasputin quickly becomes famous,
... with people, even a bishop, begging for his blessing. <eod> </s> <eos>"""
>>> prompt = "Today the weather is really nice and I am planning on "
>>> inputs = tokenizer.encode(PADDING_TEXT + prompt, add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="pt")
>>> prompt_length = len(tokenizer.decode(inputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=True))
>>> outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_length=250, do_sample=True, top_p=0.95, top_k=60)
>>> generated = prompt + tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])[prompt_length:]
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import TFAutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer
>>> model = TFAutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("xlnet-base-cased")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("xlnet-base-cased")
>>> # Padding text helps XLNet with short prompts - proposed by Aman Rusia in https://github.com/rusiaaman/XLNet-gen#methodology
>>> PADDING_TEXT = """In 1991, the remains of Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family
... (except for Alexei and Maria) are discovered.
... The voice of Nicholas's young son, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich, narrates the
... remainder of the story. 1883 Western Siberia,
... a young Grigori Rasputin is asked by his father and a group of men to perform magic.
... Rasputin has a vision and denounces one of the men as a horse thief. Although his
... father initially slaps him for making such an accusation, Rasputin watches as the
... man is chased outside and beaten. Twenty years later, Rasputin sees a vision of
... the Virgin Mary, prompting him to become a priest. Rasputin quickly becomes famous,
... with people, even a bishop, begging for his blessing. <eod> </s> <eos>"""
>>> prompt = "Today the weather is really nice and I am planning on "
>>> inputs = tokenizer.encode(PADDING_TEXT + prompt, add_special_tokens=False, return_tensors="tf")
>>> prompt_length = len(tokenizer.decode(inputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=True))
>>> outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_length=250, do_sample=True, top_p=0.95, top_k=60)
>>> generated = prompt + tokenizer.decode(outputs[0])[prompt_length:]
.. code-block::
print(generated)
Text generation is currently possible with *GPT-2*, *OpenAi-GPT*, *CTRL*, *XLNet*, *Transfo-XL* and *Reformer* in PyTorch and for most models in Tensorflow as well. As can be seen in the example above *XLNet* and *Transfo-xl* often need to be padded to work well.
GPT-2 is usually a good choice for *open-ended text generation* because it was trained on millions on webpages with a causal language modeling objective.
For more information on how to apply different decoding strategies for text generation, please also refer to our generation blog post `here <https://huggingface.co/blog/how-to-generate>`_.
Named Entity Recognition
----------------------------------------------------
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is the task of classifying tokens according to a class, for example identifying a
token as a person, an organisation or a location.
An example of a named entity recognition dataset is the CoNLL-2003 dataset, which is entirely based on that task.
If you would like to fine-tune a model on an NER task, you may leverage the `ner/run_ner.py` (PyTorch),
`ner/run_pl_ner.py` (leveraging pytorch-lightning) or the `ner/run_tf_ner.py` (TensorFlow) scripts.
Here is an example using the pipelines do to named entity recognition, trying to identify tokens as belonging to one
of 9 classes:
- O, Outside of a named entity
- B-MIS, Beginning of a miscellaneous entity right after another miscellaneous entity
- I-MIS, Miscellaneous entity
- B-PER, Beginning of a person's name right after another person's name
- I-PER, Person's name
- B-ORG, Beginning of an organisation right after another organisation
- I-ORG, Organisation
- B-LOC, Beginning of a location right after another location
- I-LOC, Location
It leverages a fine-tuned model on CoNLL-2003, fine-tuned by `@stefan-it <https://github.com/stefan-it>`__ from
`dbmdz <https://github.com/dbmdz>`__.
.. code-block::
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> nlp = pipeline("ner")
>>> sequence = "Hugging Face Inc. is a company based in New York City. Its headquarters are in DUMBO, therefore very"
... "close to the Manhattan Bridge which is visible from the window."
This outputs a list of all words that have been identified as an entity from the 9 classes defined above. Here is the
expected results:
.. code-block::
print(nlp(sequence))
[
{'word': 'Hu', 'score': 0.9995632767677307, 'entity': 'I-ORG'},
{'word': '##gging', 'score': 0.9915938973426819, 'entity': 'I-ORG'},
{'word': 'Face', 'score': 0.9982671737670898, 'entity': 'I-ORG'},
{'word': 'Inc', 'score': 0.9994403719902039, 'entity': 'I-ORG'},
{'word': 'New', 'score': 0.9994346499443054, 'entity': 'I-LOC'},
{'word': 'York', 'score': 0.9993270635604858, 'entity': 'I-LOC'},
{'word': 'City', 'score': 0.9993864893913269, 'entity': 'I-LOC'},
{'word': 'D', 'score': 0.9825621843338013, 'entity': 'I-LOC'},
{'word': '##UM', 'score': 0.936983048915863, 'entity': 'I-LOC'},
{'word': '##BO', 'score': 0.8987102508544922, 'entity': 'I-LOC'},
{'word': 'Manhattan', 'score': 0.9758241176605225, 'entity': 'I-LOC'},
{'word': 'Bridge', 'score': 0.990249514579773, 'entity': 'I-LOC'}
]
Note how the words "Hugging Face" have been identified as an organisation, and "New York City", "DUMBO" and
"Manhattan Bridge" have been identified as locations.
Here is an example doing named entity recognition using a model and a tokenizer. The process is the following:
- Instantiate a tokenizer and a model from the checkpoint name. The model is identified as a BERT model and
loads it with the weights stored in the checkpoint.
- Define the label list with which the model was trained on.
- Define a sequence with known entities, such as "Hugging Face" as an organisation and "New York City" as a location.
- Split words into tokens so that they can be mapped to the predictions. We use a small hack by firstly completely
encoding and decoding the sequence, so that we're left with a string that contains the special tokens.
- Encode that sequence into IDs (special tokens are added automatically).
- Retrieve the predictions by passing the input to the model and getting the first output. This results in a
distribution over the 9 possible classes for each token. We take the argmax to retrieve the most likely class
for each token.
- Zip together each token with its prediction and print it.
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoModelForTokenClassification, AutoTokenizer
>>> import torch
>>> model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("dbmdz/bert-large-cased-finetuned-conll03-english")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-cased")
>>> label_list = [
... "O", # Outside of a named entity
... "B-MISC", # Beginning of a miscellaneous entity right after another miscellaneous entity
... "I-MISC", # Miscellaneous entity
... "B-PER", # Beginning of a person's name right after another person's name
... "I-PER", # Person's name
... "B-ORG", # Beginning of an organisation right after another organisation
... "I-ORG", # Organisation
... "B-LOC", # Beginning of a location right after another location
... "I-LOC" # Location
... ]
>>> sequence = "Hugging Face Inc. is a company based in New York City. Its headquarters are in DUMBO, therefore very" \
... "close to the Manhattan Bridge."
>>> # Bit of a hack to get the tokens with the special tokens
>>> tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(tokenizer.decode(tokenizer.encode(sequence)))
>>> inputs = tokenizer.encode(sequence, return_tensors="pt")
>>> outputs = model(inputs)[0]
>>> predictions = torch.argmax(outputs, dim=2)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import TFAutoModelForTokenClassification, AutoTokenizer
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> model = TFAutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("dbmdz/bert-large-cased-finetuned-conll03-english")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-cased")
>>> label_list = [
... "O", # Outside of a named entity
... "B-MISC", # Beginning of a miscellaneous entity right after another miscellaneous entity
... "I-MISC", # Miscellaneous entity
... "B-PER", # Beginning of a person's name right after another person's name
... "I-PER", # Person's name
... "B-ORG", # Beginning of an organisation right after another organisation
... "I-ORG", # Organisation
... "B-LOC", # Beginning of a location right after another location
... "I-LOC" # Location
... ]
>>> sequence = "Hugging Face Inc. is a company based in New York City. Its headquarters are in DUMBO, therefore very" \
... "close to the Manhattan Bridge."
>>> # Bit of a hack to get the tokens with the special tokens
>>> tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(tokenizer.decode(tokenizer.encode(sequence)))
>>> inputs = tokenizer.encode(sequence, return_tensors="tf")
>>> outputs = model(inputs)[0]
>>> predictions = tf.argmax(outputs, axis=2)
This outputs a list of each token mapped to their prediction. Differently from the pipeline, here every token has
a prediction as we didn't remove the "0" class which means that no particular entity was found on that token. The
following array should be the output:
.. code-block::
>>> print([(token, label_list[prediction]) for token, prediction in zip(tokens, predictions[0].numpy())])
[('[CLS]', 'O'), ('Hu', 'I-ORG'), ('##gging', 'I-ORG'), ('Face', 'I-ORG'), ('Inc', 'I-ORG'), ('.', 'O'), ('is', 'O'), ('a', 'O'), ('company', 'O'), ('based', 'O'), ('in', 'O'), ('New', 'I-LOC'), ('York', 'I-LOC'), ('City', 'I-LOC'), ('.', 'O'), ('Its', 'O'), ('headquarters', 'O'), ('are', 'O'), ('in', 'O'), ('D', 'I-LOC'), ('##UM', 'I-LOC'), ('##BO', 'I-LOC'), (',', 'O'), ('therefore', 'O'), ('very', 'O'), ('##c', 'O'), ('##lose', 'O'), ('to', 'O'), ('the', 'O'), ('Manhattan', 'I-LOC'), ('Bridge', 'I-LOC'), ('.', 'O'), ('[SEP]', 'O')]
Summarization
----------------------------------------------------
Summarization is the task of summarizing a text / an article into a shorter text.
An example of a summarization dataset is the CNN / Daily Mail dataset, which consists of long news articles and was created for the task of summarization.
If you would like to fine-tune a model on a summarization task, you may leverage the ``examples/summarization/bart/run_train.sh`` (leveraging pytorch-lightning) script.
Here is an example using the pipelines do to summarization.
It leverages a Bart model that was fine-tuned on the CNN / Daily Mail data set.
.. code-block::
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> summarizer = pipeline("summarization")
>>> ARTICLE = """ New York (CNN)When Liana Barrientos was 23 years old, she got married in Westchester County, New York.
... A year later, she got married again in Westchester County, but to a different man and without divorcing her first husband.
... Only 18 days after that marriage, she got hitched yet again. Then, Barrientos declared "I do" five more times, sometimes only within two weeks of each other.
... In 2010, she married once more, this time in the Bronx. In an application for a marriage license, she stated it was her "first and only" marriage.
... Barrientos, now 39, is facing two criminal counts of "offering a false instrument for filing in the first degree," referring to her false statements on the
... 2010 marriage license application, according to court documents.
... Prosecutors said the marriages were part of an immigration scam.
... On Friday, she pleaded not guilty at State Supreme Court in the Bronx, according to her attorney, Christopher Wright, who declined to comment further.
... After leaving court, Barrientos was arrested and charged with theft of service and criminal trespass for allegedly sneaking into the New York subway through an emergency exit, said Detective
... Annette Markowski, a police spokeswoman. In total, Barrientos has been married 10 times, with nine of her marriages occurring between 1999 and 2002.
... All occurred either in Westchester County, Long Island, New Jersey or the Bronx. She is believed to still be married to four men, and at one time, she was married to eight men at once, prosecutors say.
... Prosecutors said the immigration scam involved some of her husbands, who filed for permanent residence status shortly after the marriages.
... Any divorces happened only after such filings were approved. It was unclear whether any of the men will be prosecuted.
... The case was referred to the Bronx District Attorney\'s Office by Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Department of Homeland Security\'s
... Investigation Division. Seven of the men are from so-called "red-flagged" countries, including Egypt, Turkey, Georgia, Pakistan and Mali.
... Her eighth husband, Rashid Rajput, was deported in 2006 to his native Pakistan after an investigation by the Joint Terrorism Task Force.
... If convicted, Barrientos faces up to four years in prison. Her next court appearance is scheduled for May 18.
... """
Because the summarization pipeline depends on the ``PretrainedModel.generate()`` method, we can override the default arguments
of ``PretrainedModel.generate()`` directly in the pipeline as is shown for ``max_length`` and ``min_length`` above.
This outputs the following summary:
.. code-block::
>>> print(summarizer(ARTICLE, max_length=130, min_length=30, do_sample=False))
[{'summary_text': 'Liana Barrientos, 39, is charged with two counts of "offering a false instrument for filing in the first degree" In total, she has been married 10 times, with nine of her marriages occurring between 1999 and 2002. She is believed to still be married to four men.'}]
Here is an example doing summarization using a model and a tokenizer. The process is the following:
- Instantiate a tokenizer and a model from the checkpoint name. Summarization is usually done using an encoder-decoder model, such as ``Bart`` or ``T5``.
- Define the article that should be summarizaed.
- Leverage the ``PretrainedModel.generate()`` method.
- Add the T5 specific prefix "summarize: ".
Here Google`s T5 model is used that was only pre-trained on a multi-task mixed data set (including CNN / Daily Mail), but nevertheless yields very good results.
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer
>>> model = AutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("t5-base")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("t5-base")
>>> # T5 uses a max_length of 512 so we cut the article to 512 tokens.
>>> inputs = tokenizer.encode("summarize: " + ARTICLE, return_tensors="pt", max_length=512)
>>> outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_length=150, min_length=40, length_penalty=2.0, num_beams=4, early_stopping=True)
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import TFAutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer
>>> model = TFAutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("t5-base")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("t5-base")
>>> # T5 uses a max_length of 512 so we cut the article to 512 tokens.
>>> inputs = tokenizer.encode("summarize: " + ARTICLE, return_tensors="tf", max_length=512)
>>> outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_length=150, min_length=40, length_penalty=2.0, num_beams=4, early_stopping=True)
Translation
----------------------------------------------------
Translation is the task of translating a text from one language to another.
An example of a translation dataset is the WMT English to German dataset, which has English sentences as the input data
and German sentences as the target data.
Here is an example using the pipelines do to translation.
It leverages a T5 model that was only pre-trained on a multi-task mixture dataset (including WMT), but yields impressive
translation results nevertheless.
.. code-block::
>>> from transformers import pipeline
>>> translator = pipeline("translation_en_to_de")
>>> print(translator("Hugging Face is a technology company based in New York and Paris", max_length=40))
[{'translation_text': 'Hugging Face ist ein Technologieunternehmen mit Sitz in New York und Paris.'}]
Because the translation pipeline depends on the ``PretrainedModel.generate()`` method, we can override the default arguments
of ``PretrainedModel.generate()`` directly in the pipeline as is shown for ``max_length`` above.
This outputs the following translation into German:
::
Hugging Face ist ein Technologieunternehmen mit Sitz in New York und Paris.
Here is an example doing translation using a model and a tokenizer. The process is the following:
- Instantiate a tokenizer and a model from the checkpoint name. Summarization is usually done using an encoder-decoder model, such as ``Bart`` or ``T5``.
- Define the article that should be summarizaed.
- Leverage the ``PretrainedModel.generate()`` method.
- Add the T5 specific prefix "translate English to German: "
.. code-block::
>>> ## PYTORCH CODE
>>> from transformers import AutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer
>>> model = AutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("t5-base")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("t5-base")
>>> inputs = tokenizer.encode("translate English to German: Hugging Face is a technology company based in New York and Paris", return_tensors="pt")
>>> outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_length=40, num_beams=4, early_stopping=True)
>>> print(outputs)
tensor([[ 0, 11560, 3896, 8881, 229, 236, 3, 14366, 15377, 181,
11216, 16, 368, 1060, 64, 1919, 5]])
>>> ## TENSORFLOW CODE
>>> from transformers import TFAutoModelWithLMHead, AutoTokenizer
>>> model = TFAutoModelWithLMHead.from_pretrained("t5-base")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("t5-base")
>>> inputs = tokenizer.encode("translate English to German: Hugging Face is a technology company based in New York and Paris", return_tensors="tf")
>>> outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_length=40, num_beams=4, early_stopping=True)
>>> print(outputs)
tf.Tensor(
[[ 0 11560 3896 8881 229 236 3 14366 15377 181 11216 16
368 1060 64 1919 5]], shape=(1, 17), dtype=int32)
+1 -1
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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ According to Pytorch's documentation: "TorchScript is a way to create serializab
Pytorch's two modules `JIT and TRACE <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/jit.html>`_ allow the developer to export
their model to be re-used in other programs, such as efficiency-oriented C++ programs.
We have provided an interface that allows the export of 🤗 Transformers models to TorchScript so that they can
We have provided an interface that allows the export of `transformers` models to TorchScript so that they can
be reused in a different environment than a Pytorch-based python program. Here we explain how to use our models so that
they can be exported, and what to be mindful of when using these models with TorchScript.
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@@ -1,323 +0,0 @@
Training and fine-tuning
========================
Model classes in 🤗 Transformers are designed to be compatible with native
PyTorch and TensorFlow 2 and can be used seemlessly with either. In this
quickstart, we will show how to fine-tune (or train from scratch) a model
using the standard training tools available in either framework. We will also
show how to use our included :func:`~transformers.Trainer` class which
handles much of the complexity of training for you.
This guide assume that you are already familiar with loading and use our
models for inference; otherwise, see the :doc:`task summary <task_summary>`. We also assume
that you are familiar with training deep neural networks in either PyTorch or
TF2, and focus specifically on the nuances and tools for training models in
🤗 Transformers.
Sections:
* :ref:`pytorch`
* :ref:`tensorflow`
* :ref:`trainer`
* :ref:`additional-resources`
.. _pytorch:
Fine-tuning in native PyTorch
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Model classes in 🤗 Transformers that don't begin with ``TF`` are
`PyTorch Modules <https://pytorch.org/docs/master/generated/torch.nn.Module.html>`_,
meaning that you can use them just as you would any model in PyTorch for
both inference and optimization.
Let's consider the common task of fine-tuning a masked language model like
BERT on a sequence classification dataset. When we instantiate a model with
:func:`~transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`, the model
configuration and pre-trained weights
of the specified model are used to initialize the model. The
library also includes a number of task-specific final layers or 'heads' whose
weights are instantiated randomly when not present in the specified
pre-trained model. For example, instantiating a model with
``BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased', num_classes=2)``
will create a BERT model instance with encoder weights copied from the
``bert-base-uncased`` model and a randomly initialized sequence
classification head on top of the encoder with an output size of 2. Models
are initialized in ``eval`` mode by default. We can call ``model.train()`` to
put it in train mode.
.. code-block:: python
from transformers import BertForSequenceClassification
model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
model.train()
This is useful because it allows us to make use of the pre-trained BERT
encoder and easily train it on whatever sequence classification dataset we
choose. We can use any PyTorch optimizer, but our library also provides the
:func:`~transformers.AdamW` optimizer which implements gradient bias
correction as well as weight decay.
.. code-block:: python
from transformers import AdamW
optimizer = AdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-5)
The optimizer allows us to apply different hyperpameters for specific
parameter groups. For example, we can apply weight decay to all parameters
other than bias and layer normalization terms:
.. code-block:: python
no_decay = ['bias', 'LayerNorm.weight']
optimizer_grouped_parameters = [
{'params': [p for n, p in model.named_parameters() if not any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)], 'weight_decay': 0.01},
{'params': [p for n, p in model.named_parameters() if any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)], 'weight_decay': 0.0}
]
optimizer = AdamW(optimizer_grouped_parameters, lr=1e-5)
Now we can set up a simple dummy training batch using
:func:`~transformers.PreTrainedTokenizer.batch_encode_plus`. This returns a
:func:`~transformers.BatchEncoding` instance which
prepares everything we might need to pass to the model.
.. code-block:: python
from transformers import BertTokenizer
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
text_batch = ["I love Pixar.", "I don't care for Pixar."]
encoding = tokenizer(text_batch, return_tensors='pt', padding=True, truncation=True)
input_ids = encoding['input_ids']
attention_mask = encoding['attention_mask']
When we call a classification model with the ``labels`` argument, the first
returned element is the Cross Entropy loss between the predictions and the
passed labels. Having already set up our optimizer, we can then do a
backwards pass and update the weights:
.. code-block:: python
labels = torch.tensor([1,0]).unsqueeze(0)
outputs = model(input_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask, labels=labels)
loss = outputs[0]
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
Alternatively, you can just get the logits and calculate the loss yourself.
The following is equivalent to the previous example:
.. code-block:: python
from torch.nn import functional as F
labels = torch.tensor([1,0]).unsqueeze(0)
outputs = model(input_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask)
loss = F.cross_entropy(labels, outputs[0])
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
Of course, you can train on GPU by calling ``to('cuda')`` on the model and
inputs as usual.
We also provide a few learning rate scheduling tools. With the following, we
can set up a scheduler which warms up for ``num_warmup_steps`` and then
linearly decays to 0 by the end of training.
.. code-block:: python
from transformers import get_linear_schedule_with_warmup
scheduler = get_linear_schedule_with_warmup(optimizer, num_warmup_steps, num_train_steps)
Then all we have to do is call ``scheduler.step()`` after ``optimizer.step()``.
.. code-block:: python
...
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
scheduler.step()
We highly recommend using :func:`~transformers.Trainer`, discussed below,
which conveniently handles the moving parts of training 🤗 Transformers models
with features like mixed precision and easy tensorboard logging.
Freezing the encoder
--------------------
In some cases, you might be interested in keeping the weights of the
pre-trained encoder frozen and optimizing only the weights of the head
layers. To do so, simply set the ``requires_grad`` attribute to ``False`` on
the encoder parameters, which can be accessed with the ``base_model``
submodule on any task-specific model in the library:
.. code-block:: python
for param in model.base_model.parameters():
param.requires_grad = False
.. _tensorflow:
Fine-tuning in native TensorFlow 2
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Models can also be trained natively in TensorFlow 2. Just as with PyTorch,
TensorFlow models can be instantiated with
:func:`~transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained` to load the weights of
the encoder from a pretrained model.
.. code-block:: python
from transformers import TFBertForSequenceClassification
model = TFBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
Let's use ``tensorflow_datasets`` to load in the `MRPC dataset
<https://www.tensorflow.org/datasets/catalog/glue#gluemrpc>`_ from GLUE. We
can then use our built-in
:func:`~transformers.data.processors.glue.glue_convert_examples_to_features`
to tokenize MRPC and convert it to a TensorFlow ``Dataset`` object. Note that
tokenizers are framework-agnostic, so there is no need to prepend ``TF`` to
the pretrained tokenizer name.
.. code-block:: python
from transformers import BertTokenizer, glue_convert_examples_to_features
import tensorflow_datasets as tfds
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
data = tfds.load('glue/mrpc')
train_dataset = glue_convert_examples_to_features(data['train'], tokenizer, max_length=128, task='mrpc')
train_dataset = train_dataset.shuffle(100).batch(32).repeat(2)
The model can then be compiled and trained as any Keras model:
.. code-block:: python
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=3e-5)
loss = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
model.compile(optimizer=optimizer, loss=loss)
model.fit(train_dataset, epochs=2, steps_per_epoch=115)
With the tight interoperability between TensorFlow and PyTorch models, you
can even save the model and then reload it as a PyTorch model (or vice-versa):
.. code-block:: python
from transformers import BertForSequenceClassification
model.save_pretrained('./my_mrpc_model/')
pytorch_model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained('./my_mrpc_model/', from_tf=True)
.. _trainer:
Trainer
^^^^^^^
We also provide a simple but feature-complete training and evaluation
interface through :func:`~transformers.Trainer` and
:func:`~transformers.TFTrainer`. You can train, fine-tune,
and evaluate any 🤗 Transformers model with a wide range of training options and
with built-in features like logging, gradient accumulation, and mixed
precision.
.. code-block:: python
## PYTORCH CODE
from transformers import BertForSequenceClassification, Trainer, TrainingArguments
model = BertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("bert-large-uncased")
training_args = TrainingArguments(
output_dir='./results', # output directory
num_train_epochs=3, # total # of training epochs
per_device_train_batch_size=16, # batch size per device during training
per_device_eval_batch_size=64, # batch size for evaluation
warmup_steps=500, # number of warmup steps for learning rate scheduler
weight_decay=0.01, # strength of weight decay
logging_dir='./logs', # directory for storing logs
)
trainer = Trainer(
model=model, # the instantiated 🤗 Transformers model to be trained
args=training_args, # training arguments, defined above
train_dataset=train_dataset, # training dataset
eval_dataset=test_dataset # evaluation dataset
)
## TENSORFLOW CODE
from transformers import TFBertForSequenceClassification, TFTrainer, TFTrainingArguments
model = TFBertForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("bert-large-uncased")
training_args = TFTrainingArguments(
output_dir='./results', # output directory
num_train_epochs=3, # total # of training epochs
per_device_train_batch_size=16, # batch size per device during training
per_device_eval_batch_size=64, # batch size for evaluation
warmup_steps=500, # number of warmup steps for learning rate scheduler
weight_decay=0.01, # strength of weight decay
logging_dir='./logs', # directory for storing logs
)
trainer = TFTrainer(
model=model, # the instantiated 🤗 Transformers model to be trained
args=training_args, # training arguments, defined above
train_dataset=tfds_train_dataset, # tensorflow_datasets training dataset
eval_dataset=tfds_test_dataset # tensorflow_datasets evaluation dataset
)
Now simply call ``trainer.train()`` to train and ``trainer.evaluate()`` to
evaluate. You can use your own module as well, but the first
argument returned from ``forward`` must be the loss which you wish to
optimize.
:func:`~transformers.Trainer` uses a built-in default function to collate
batches and prepare them to be fed into the model. If needed, you can also
use the ``data_collator`` argument to pass your own collator function which
takes in the data in the format provides by your dataset and returns a
batch ready to be fed into the model. Note that
:func:`~transformers.TFTrainer` expects the passed datasets to be dataset
objects from ``tensorflow_datasets``.
To calculate additional metrics in addition to the loss, you can also define
your own ``compute_metrics`` function and pass it to the trainer.
.. code-block:: python
from sklearn.metrics import precision_recall_fscore_support
def compute_metrics(pred):
labels = pred.label_ids
preds = pred.predictions.argmax(-1)
precision, recall, f1, _ = precision_recall_fscore_support(labels, preds, average='binary')
acc = accuracy_score(labels, preds)
return {
'accuracy': acc,
'f1': f1,
'precision': precision,
'recall': recall
}
Finally, you can view the results, including any calculated metrics, by
launching tensorboard in your specified ``logging_dir`` directory.
.. _additional-resources:
Additional resources
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* `A lightweight colab demo
<https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1-JIJlao4dI-Ilww_NnTc0rxtp-ymgDgM?usp=sharing>`_
which uses ``Trainer`` for IMDb sentiment classification.
* `🤗 Transformers Examples <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples>`_
including scripts for training and fine-tuning on GLUE, SQuAD, and
several other tasks.
* `How to train a language model
<https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/blog/blob/master/notebooks/01_how_to_train.ipynb>`_,
a detailed colab notebook which uses ``Trainer`` to train a masked
language model from scratch on Esperanto.
* `🤗 Transformers Notebooks <./notebooks.html>`_ which contain dozens
of example notebooks from the community for training and using
🤗 Transformers on a variety of tasks.
+694 -59
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@@ -1,80 +1,715 @@
## Examples
# Examples
Version 2.9 of 🤗 Transformers introduces a new [`Trainer`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/src/transformers/trainer.py) class for PyTorch, and its equivalent [`TFTrainer`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/src/transformers/trainer_tf.py) for TF 2.
Running the examples requires PyTorch 1.3.1+ or TensorFlow 2.1+.
In this section a few examples are put together. All of these examples work for several models, making use of the very
similar API between the different models.
Here is the list of all our examples:
- **grouped by task** (all official examples work for multiple models)
- with information on whether they are **built on top of `Trainer`/`TFTrainer`** (if not, they still work, they might just lack some features),
- whether they also include examples for **`pytorch-lightning`**, which is a great fully-featured, general-purpose training library for PyTorch,
- links to **Colab notebooks** to walk through the scripts and run them easily,
- links to **Cloud deployments** to be able to deploy large-scale trainings in the Cloud with little to no setup.
This is still a work-in-progress – in particular documentation is still sparse – so please **contribute improvements/pull requests.**
# The Big Table of Tasks
| Task | Example datasets | Trainer support | TFTrainer support | pytorch-lightning | Colab
|---|---|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| [**`language-modeling`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/language-modeling) | Raw text | ✅ | - | - | [![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/blog/blob/master/notebooks/01_how_to_train.ipynb)
| [**`text-classification`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/text-classification) | GLUE, XNLI | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | [![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/blog/blob/master/notebooks/trainer/01_text_classification.ipynb)
| [**`token-classification`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/token-classification) | CoNLL NER | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | -
| [**`multiple-choice`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/multiple-choice) | SWAG, RACE, ARC | ✅ | ✅ | - | [![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/ViktorAlm/notebooks/blob/master/MPC_GPU_Demo_for_TF_and_PT.ipynb)
| [**`question-answering`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/question-answering) | SQuAD | - | ✅ | - | -
| [**`text-generation`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/text-generation) | - | n/a | n/a | n/a | [![Open In Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/github/huggingface/blog/blob/master/notebooks/02_how_to_generate.ipynb)
| [**`distillation`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/distillation) | All | - | - | - | -
| [**`summarization`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/summarization) | CNN/Daily Mail | - | - | - | -
| [**`translation`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/translation) | WMT | - | - | - | -
| [**`bertology`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/bertology) | - | - | - | - | -
| [**`adversarial`**](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/adversarial) | HANS | ✅ | - | - | -
<br>
## Important note
**Important**
To make sure you can successfully run the latest versions of the example scripts, you have to install the library from source and install some example-specific requirements.
**Important**
To run the latest versions of the examples, you have to install from source and install some specific requirements for the examples.
Execute the following steps in a new virtual environment:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/huggingface/transformers
cd transformers
pip install .
pip install [--editable] .
pip install -r ./examples/requirements.txt
```
## One-click Deploy to Cloud (wip)
| Section | Description |
|----------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| [TensorFlow 2.0 models on GLUE](#TensorFlow-2.0-Bert-models-on-GLUE) | Examples running BERT TensorFlow 2.0 model on the GLUE tasks.
| [Language Model fine-tuning](#language-model-fine-tuning) | Fine-tuning the library models for language modeling on a text dataset. Causal language modeling for GPT/GPT-2, masked language modeling for BERT/RoBERTa. |
| [Language Generation](#language-generation) | Conditional text generation using the auto-regressive models of the library: GPT, GPT-2, Transformer-XL and XLNet. |
| [GLUE](#glue) | Examples running BERT/XLM/XLNet/RoBERTa on the 9 GLUE tasks. Examples feature distributed training as well as half-precision. |
| [SQuAD](#squad) | Using BERT/RoBERTa/XLNet/XLM for question answering, examples with distributed training. |
| [Multiple Choice](#multiple-choice) | Examples running BERT/XLNet/RoBERTa on the SWAG/RACE/ARC tasks.
| [Named Entity Recognition](#named-entity-recognition) | Using BERT for Named Entity Recognition (NER) on the CoNLL 2003 dataset, examples with distributed training. |
| [XNLI](#xnli) | Examples running BERT/XLM on the XNLI benchmark. |
| [Abstractive summarization](#abstractive-summarization) | Fine-tuning the library models for abstractive summarization tasks on the CNN/Daily Mail dataset. |
#### Azure
## TensorFlow 2.0 Bert models on GLUE
[![Deploy to Azure](https://aka.ms/deploytoazurebutton)](https://portal.azure.com/#create/Microsoft.Template/uri/https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2FAzure%2Fazure-quickstart-templates%2Fmaster%2F101-storage-account-create%2Fazuredeploy.json)
Based on the script [`run_tf_glue.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_tf_glue.py).
## Running on TPUs
Fine-tuning the library TensorFlow 2.0 Bert model for sequence classification on the MRPC task of the GLUE benchmark: [General Language Understanding Evaluation](https://gluebenchmark.com/).
When using Tensorflow, TPUs are supported out of the box as a `tf.distribute.Strategy`.
This script has an option for mixed precision (Automatic Mixed Precision / AMP) to run models on Tensor Cores (NVIDIA Volta/Turing GPUs) and future hardware and an option for XLA, which uses the XLA compiler to reduce model runtime.
Options are toggled using `USE_XLA` or `USE_AMP` variables in the script.
These options and the below benchmark are provided by @tlkh.
When using PyTorch, we support TPUs thanks to `pytorch/xla`. For more context and information on how to setup your TPU environment refer to Google's documentation and to the
very detailed [pytorch/xla README](https://github.com/pytorch/xla/blob/master/README.md).
Quick benchmarks from the script (no other modifications):
In this repo, we provide a very simple launcher script named [xla_spawn.py](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/master/examples/xla_spawn.py) that lets you run our example scripts on multiple TPU cores without any boilerplate.
Just pass a `--num_cores` flag to this script, then your regular training script with its arguments (this is similar to the `torch.distributed.launch` helper for torch.distributed).
| GPU | Mode | Time (2nd epoch) | Val Acc (3 runs) |
| --------- | -------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------|
| Titan V | FP32 | 41s | 0.8438/0.8281/0.8333 |
| Titan V | AMP | 26s | 0.8281/0.8568/0.8411 |
| V100 | FP32 | 35s | 0.8646/0.8359/0.8464 |
| V100 | AMP | 22s | 0.8646/0.8385/0.8411 |
| 1080 Ti | FP32 | 55s | - |
For example for `run_glue`:
Mixed precision (AMP) reduces the training time considerably for the same hardware and hyper-parameters (same batch size was used).
## Language model fine-tuning
Based on the script [`run_lm_finetuning.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_lm_finetuning.py).
Fine-tuning the library models for language modeling on a text dataset for GPT, GPT-2, BERT and RoBERTa (DistilBERT
to be added soon). GPT and GPT-2 are fine-tuned using a causal language modeling (CLM) loss while BERT and RoBERTa
are fine-tuned using a masked language modeling (MLM) loss.
Before running the following example, you should get a file that contains text on which the language model will be
fine-tuned. A good example of such text is the [WikiText-2 dataset](https://blog.einstein.ai/the-wikitext-long-term-dependency-language-modeling-dataset/).
We will refer to two different files: `$TRAIN_FILE`, which contains text for training, and `$TEST_FILE`, which contains
text that will be used for evaluation.
### GPT-2/GPT and causal language modeling
The following example fine-tunes GPT-2 on WikiText-2. We're using the raw WikiText-2 (no tokens were replaced before
the tokenization). The loss here is that of causal language modeling.
```bash
python examples/xla_spawn.py --num_cores 8 \
examples/text-classification/run_glue.py
--model_name_or_path bert-base-cased \
--task_name mnli \
--data_dir ./data/glue_data/MNLI \
--output_dir ./models/tpu \
--overwrite_output_dir \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--num_train_epochs 1 \
--save_steps 20000
export TRAIN_FILE=/path/to/dataset/wiki.train.raw
export TEST_FILE=/path/to/dataset/wiki.test.raw
python run_lm_finetuning.py \
--output_dir=output \
--model_type=gpt2 \
--model_name_or_path=gpt2 \
--do_train \
--train_data_file=$TRAIN_FILE \
--do_eval \
--eval_data_file=$TEST_FILE
```
Feedback and more use cases and benchmarks involving TPUs are welcome, please share with the community.
This takes about half an hour to train on a single K80 GPU and about one minute for the evaluation to run. It reaches
a score of ~20 perplexity once fine-tuned on the dataset.
### RoBERTa/BERT and masked language modeling
The following example fine-tunes RoBERTa on WikiText-2. Here too, we're using the raw WikiText-2. The loss is different
as BERT/RoBERTa have a bidirectional mechanism; we're therefore using the same loss that was used during their
pre-training: masked language modeling.
In accordance to the RoBERTa paper, we use dynamic masking rather than static masking. The model may, therefore, converge
slightly slower (over-fitting takes more epochs).
We use the `--mlm` flag so that the script may change its loss function.
```bash
export TRAIN_FILE=/path/to/dataset/wiki.train.raw
export TEST_FILE=/path/to/dataset/wiki.test.raw
python run_lm_finetuning.py \
--output_dir=output \
--model_type=roberta \
--model_name_or_path=roberta-base \
--do_train \
--train_data_file=$TRAIN_FILE \
--do_eval \
--eval_data_file=$TEST_FILE \
--mlm
```
## Language generation
Based on the script [`run_generation.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_generation.py).
Conditional text generation using the auto-regressive models of the library: GPT, GPT-2, Transformer-XL, XLNet, CTRL.
A similar script is used for our official demo [Write With Transfomer](https://transformer.huggingface.co), where you
can try out the different models available in the library.
Example usage:
```bash
python run_generation.py \
--model_type=gpt2 \
--model_name_or_path=gpt2
```
## GLUE
Based on the script [`run_glue.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_glue.py).
Fine-tuning the library models for sequence classification on the GLUE benchmark: [General Language Understanding
Evaluation](https://gluebenchmark.com/). This script can fine-tune the following models: BERT, XLM, XLNet and RoBERTa.
GLUE is made up of a total of 9 different tasks. We get the following results on the dev set of the benchmark with an
uncased BERT base model (the checkpoint `bert-base-uncased`). All experiments ran on 8 V100 GPUs with a total train
batch size of 24. Some of these tasks have a small dataset and training can lead to high variance in the results
between different runs. We report the median on 5 runs (with different seeds) for each of the metrics.
| Task | Metric | Result |
|-------|------------------------------|-------------|
| CoLA | Matthew's corr | 48.87 |
| SST-2 | Accuracy | 91.74 |
| MRPC | F1/Accuracy | 90.70/86.27 |
| STS-B | Person/Spearman corr. | 91.39/91.04 |
| QQP | Accuracy/F1 | 90.79/87.66 |
| MNLI | Matched acc./Mismatched acc. | 83.70/84.83 |
| QNLI | Accuracy | 89.31 |
| RTE | Accuracy | 71.43 |
| WNLI | Accuracy | 43.66 |
Some of these results are significantly different from the ones reported on the test set
of GLUE benchmark on the website. For QQP and WNLI, please refer to [FAQ #12](https://gluebenchmark.com/faq) on the webite.
Before running anyone of these GLUE tasks you should download the
[GLUE data](https://gluebenchmark.com/tasks) by running
[this script](https://gist.github.com/W4ngatang/60c2bdb54d156a41194446737ce03e2e)
and unpack it to some directory `$GLUE_DIR`.
```bash
export GLUE_DIR=/path/to/glue
export TASK_NAME=MRPC
python run_glue.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-cased \
--task_name $TASK_NAME \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir $GLUE_DIR/$TASK_NAME \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 32 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 3.0 \
--output_dir /tmp/$TASK_NAME/
```
where task name can be one of CoLA, SST-2, MRPC, STS-B, QQP, MNLI, QNLI, RTE, WNLI.
The dev set results will be present within the text file `eval_results.txt` in the specified output_dir.
In case of MNLI, since there are two separate dev sets (matched and mismatched), there will be a separate
output folder called `/tmp/MNLI-MM/` in addition to `/tmp/MNLI/`.
The code has not been tested with half-precision training with apex on any GLUE task apart from MRPC, MNLI,
CoLA, SST-2. The following section provides details on how to run half-precision training with MRPC. With that being
said, there shouldn’t be any issues in running half-precision training with the remaining GLUE tasks as well,
since the data processor for each task inherits from the base class DataProcessor.
### MRPC
#### Fine-tuning example
The following examples fine-tune BERT on the Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus (MRPC) corpus and runs in less
than 10 minutes on a single K-80 and in 27 seconds (!) on single tesla V100 16GB with apex installed.
Before running anyone of these GLUE tasks you should download the
[GLUE data](https://gluebenchmark.com/tasks) by running
[this script](https://gist.github.com/W4ngatang/60c2bdb54d156a41194446737ce03e2e)
and unpack it to some directory `$GLUE_DIR`.
```bash
export GLUE_DIR=/path/to/glue
python run_glue.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-cased \
--task_name MRPC \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir $GLUE_DIR/MRPC/ \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 32 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 3.0 \
--output_dir /tmp/mrpc_output/
```
Our test ran on a few seeds with [the original implementation hyper-
parameters](https://github.com/google-research/bert#sentence-and-sentence-pair-classification-tasks) gave evaluation
results between 84% and 88%.
#### Using Apex and mixed-precision
Using Apex and 16 bit precision, the fine-tuning on MRPC only takes 27 seconds. First install
[apex](https://github.com/NVIDIA/apex), then run the following example:
```bash
export GLUE_DIR=/path/to/glue
python run_glue.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-cased \
--task_name MRPC \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir $GLUE_DIR/MRPC/ \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 32 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 3.0 \
--output_dir /tmp/mrpc_output/ \
--fp16
```
#### Distributed training
Here is an example using distributed training on 8 V100 GPUs. The model used is the BERT whole-word-masking and it
reaches F1 > 92 on MRPC.
```bash
export GLUE_DIR=/path/to/glue
python -m torch.distributed.launch \
--nproc_per_node 8 run_glue.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-cased \
--task_name MRPC \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir $GLUE_DIR/MRPC/ \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 8 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 3.0 \
--output_dir /tmp/mrpc_output/
```
Training with these hyper-parameters gave us the following results:
```bash
acc = 0.8823529411764706
acc_and_f1 = 0.901702786377709
eval_loss = 0.3418912578906332
f1 = 0.9210526315789473
global_step = 174
loss = 0.07231863956341798
```
### MNLI
The following example uses the BERT-large, uncased, whole-word-masking model and fine-tunes it on the MNLI task.
```bash
export GLUE_DIR=/path/to/glue
python -m torch.distributed.launch \
--nproc_per_node 8 run_glue.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-cased \
--task_name mnli \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir $GLUE_DIR/MNLI/ \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 8 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 3.0 \
--output_dir output_dir \
```
The results are the following:
```bash
***** Eval results *****
acc = 0.8679706601466992
eval_loss = 0.4911287787382479
global_step = 18408
loss = 0.04755385363816904
***** Eval results *****
acc = 0.8747965825874695
eval_loss = 0.45516540421714036
global_step = 18408
loss = 0.04755385363816904
```
## Multiple Choice
Based on the script [`run_multiple_choice.py`]().
#### Fine-tuning on SWAG
Download [swag](https://github.com/rowanz/swagaf/tree/master/data) data
```bash
#training on 4 tesla V100(16GB) GPUS
export SWAG_DIR=/path/to/swag_data_dir
python ./examples/run_multiple_choice.py \
--model_type roberta \
--task_name swag \
--model_name_or_path roberta-base \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir $SWAG_DIR \
--learning_rate 5e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 3 \
--max_seq_length 80 \
--output_dir models_bert/swag_base \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size=16 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size=16 \
--gradient_accumulation_steps 2 \
--overwrite_output
```
Training with the defined hyper-parameters yields the following results:
```
***** Eval results *****
eval_acc = 0.8338998300509847
eval_loss = 0.44457291918821606
```
## SQuAD
Based on the script [`run_squad.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_squad.py).
#### Fine-tuning on SQuAD
This example code fine-tunes BERT on the SQuAD dataset. It runs in 24 min (with BERT-base) or 68 min (with BERT-large)
on a single tesla V100 16GB. The data for SQuAD can be downloaded with the following links and should be saved in a
$SQUAD_DIR directory.
* [train-v1.1.json](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/dataset/train-v1.1.json)
* [dev-v1.1.json](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/dataset/dev-v1.1.json)
* [evaluate-v1.1.py](https://github.com/allenai/bi-att-flow/blob/master/squad/evaluate-v1.1.py)
```bash
export SQUAD_DIR=/path/to/SQUAD
python run_squad.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-cased \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--train_file $SQUAD_DIR/train-v1.1.json \
--predict_file $SQUAD_DIR/dev-v1.1.json \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 12 \
--learning_rate 3e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 2.0 \
--max_seq_length 384 \
--doc_stride 128 \
--output_dir /tmp/debug_squad/
```
Training with the previously defined hyper-parameters yields the following results:
```bash
f1 = 88.52
exact_match = 81.22
```
#### Distributed training
Here is an example using distributed training on 8 V100 GPUs and Bert Whole Word Masking uncased model to reach a F1 > 93 on SQuAD:
```bash
python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=8 run_squad.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-cased \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--train_file $SQUAD_DIR/train-v1.1.json \
--predict_file $SQUAD_DIR/dev-v1.1.json \
--learning_rate 3e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 2 \
--max_seq_length 384 \
--doc_stride 128 \
--output_dir ../models/wwm_uncased_finetuned_squad/ \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 24 \
--gradient_accumulation_steps 12
```
Training with the previously defined hyper-parameters yields the following results:
```bash
f1 = 93.15
exact_match = 86.91
```
This fine-tuned model is available as a checkpoint under the reference
`bert-large-uncased-whole-word-masking-finetuned-squad`.
### `run_semeval.py`: relationship classification using R-Bert
R-BERT is a relationship classification head for BERT and RoBERTa, described [here](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.08284.pdf").
This example code fine-tunes R-BERT on the semeval 2010 Task 8 dataset:
```bash
python ./examples/run_semeval.py \
--data_dir $SEMEVAL_DIR \
--output_dir $RESULTS_DIR \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-uncased \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--overwrite_output_dir \
--num_train_epochs 8.0 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 16 \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size 16 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--task_name semeval2010_task8 \
--train_on_other_labels \
--eval_on_other_labels \
--include_directionality
```
The ```$SEMEVAL_DIR``` should point to the extracted archive.
The ```--include_directionality``` flag trains a classifier using all 18 semeval classes. The
```--train_on_other_labels``` and ```--eval_on_other_labels``` flags also include instances labeled as 'Other' in the
training and evaluation respectively. Include all of these to be able to use the official evaluation script.
Note, although an F1 score is calculated in the python code, two additional files are also written out at the checkpoint
intervals ```{global_step}_semeval_results.tsv``` that may be used with the official Semeval evaluation script
(supplied in the semeval data archive). The dataset is available under Creative Commons Atrribution 3.0
Unported Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) and is available
[here](http://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B_jQiLugGTAkMDQ5ZjZiMTUtMzQ1Yy00YWNmLWJlZDYtOWY1ZDMwY2U4YjFk&sort=name&layout=list&num=50).
for example:
```bash
./semeval2010_task8_scorer-v1.2.pl $SEMEVAL_DIR/{global_step}_semeval_results.tsv $SEMEVAL_DIR/TEST_FILE_SEMEVAL_SCRIPT_FORMAT.tsv
```
Using the ```bert-base-uncased``` should give around 87.6 undirected F1 (excluding other), with the official script.
However, the RoBERTa model can also be used with this head:
```bash
python ./examples/run_semeval.py \
--data_dir $SEMEVAL_DIR \
--output_dir $RESULTS_DIR \
--model_name_or_path roberta-large \
--model_type roberta \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--overwrite_output_dir \
--num_train_epochs 8.0 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 16 \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size 16 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--task_name semeval2010_task8 \
--train_on_other_labels \
--eval_on_other_labels \
--include_directionality
```
This should give an undirected F1 of aroubd 90.8 (excluding other) with the official script.
#### Fine-tuning XLNet on SQuAD
This example code fine-tunes XLNet on the SQuAD dataset. See above to download the data for SQuAD .
```bash
export SQUAD_DIR=/path/to/SQUAD
python /data/home/hlu/transformers/examples/run_squad.py \
--model_type xlnet \
--model_name_or_path xlnet-large-cased \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--train_file /data/home/hlu/notebooks/NLP/examples/question_answering/train-v1.1.json \
--predict_file /data/home/hlu/notebooks/NLP/examples/question_answering/dev-v1.1.json \
--learning_rate 3e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 2 \
--max_seq_length 384 \
--doc_stride 128 \
--output_dir ./wwm_cased_finetuned_squad/ \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size=4 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size=4 \
--save_steps 5000
```
Training with the previously defined hyper-parameters yields the following results:
```python
{
"exact": 85.45884578997162,
"f1": 92.5974600601065,
"total": 10570,
"HasAns_exact": 85.45884578997162,
"HasAns_f1": 92.59746006010651,
"HasAns_total": 10570
}
```
## Named Entity Recognition
Based on the script [`run_ner.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_ner.py).
This example fine-tune Bert Multilingual on GermEval 2014 (German NER).
Details and results for the fine-tuning provided by @stefan-it.
### Data (Download and pre-processing steps)
Data can be obtained from the [GermEval 2014](https://sites.google.com/site/germeval2014ner/data) shared task page.
Here are the commands for downloading and pre-processing train, dev and test datasets. The original data format has four (tab-separated) columns, in a pre-processing step only the two relevant columns (token and outer span NER annotation) are extracted:
```bash
curl -L 'https://sites.google.com/site/germeval2014ner/data/NER-de-train.tsv?attredirects=0&d=1' \
| grep -v "^#" | cut -f 2,3 | tr '\t' ' ' > train.txt.tmp
curl -L 'https://sites.google.com/site/germeval2014ner/data/NER-de-dev.tsv?attredirects=0&d=1' \
| grep -v "^#" | cut -f 2,3 | tr '\t' ' ' > dev.txt.tmp
curl -L 'https://sites.google.com/site/germeval2014ner/data/NER-de-test.tsv?attredirects=0&d=1' \
| grep -v "^#" | cut -f 2,3 | tr '\t' ' ' > test.txt.tmp
```
The GermEval 2014 dataset contains some strange "control character" tokens like `'\x96', '\u200e', '\x95', '\xad' or '\x80'`. One problem with these tokens is, that `BertTokenizer` returns an empty token for them, resulting in misaligned `InputExample`s. I wrote a script that a) filters these tokens and b) splits longer sentences into smaller ones (once the max. subtoken length is reached).
```bash
wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stefan-it/fine-tuned-berts-seq/master/scripts/preprocess.py"
```
Let's define some variables that we need for further pre-processing steps and training the model:
```bash
export MAX_LENGTH=128
export BERT_MODEL=bert-base-multilingual-cased
```
Run the pre-processing script on training, dev and test datasets:
```bash
python3 preprocess.py train.txt.tmp $BERT_MODEL $MAX_LENGTH > train.txt
python3 preprocess.py dev.txt.tmp $BERT_MODEL $MAX_LENGTH > dev.txt
python3 preprocess.py test.txt.tmp $BERT_MODEL $MAX_LENGTH > test.txt
```
The GermEval 2014 dataset has much more labels than CoNLL-2002/2003 datasets, so an own set of labels must be used:
```bash
cat train.txt dev.txt test.txt | cut -d " " -f 2 | grep -v "^$"| sort | uniq > labels.txt
```
### Training
Additional environment variables must be set:
```bash
export OUTPUT_DIR=germeval-model
export BATCH_SIZE=32
export NUM_EPOCHS=3
export SAVE_STEPS=750
export SEED=1
```
To start training, just run:
```bash
python3 run_ner.py --data_dir ./ \
--model_type bert \
--labels ./labels.txt \
--model_name_or_path $BERT_MODEL \
--output_dir $OUTPUT_DIR \
--max_seq_length $MAX_LENGTH \
--num_train_epochs $NUM_EPOCHS \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size $BATCH_SIZE \
--save_steps $SAVE_STEPS \
--seed $SEED \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_predict
```
If your GPU supports half-precision training, just add the `--fp16` flag. After training, the model will be both evaluated on development and test datasets.
### Evaluation
Evaluation on development dataset outputs the following for our example:
```bash
10/04/2019 00:42:06 - INFO - __main__ - ***** Eval results *****
10/04/2019 00:42:06 - INFO - __main__ - f1 = 0.8623348017621146
10/04/2019 00:42:06 - INFO - __main__ - loss = 0.07183869666975543
10/04/2019 00:42:06 - INFO - __main__ - precision = 0.8467916366258111
10/04/2019 00:42:06 - INFO - __main__ - recall = 0.8784592370979806
```
On the test dataset the following results could be achieved:
```bash
10/04/2019 00:42:42 - INFO - __main__ - ***** Eval results *****
10/04/2019 00:42:42 - INFO - __main__ - f1 = 0.8614389652384803
10/04/2019 00:42:42 - INFO - __main__ - loss = 0.07064602487454782
10/04/2019 00:42:42 - INFO - __main__ - precision = 0.8604651162790697
10/04/2019 00:42:42 - INFO - __main__ - recall = 0.8624150210424085
```
### Comparing BERT (large, cased), RoBERTa (large, cased) and DistilBERT (base, uncased)
Here is a small comparison between BERT (large, cased), RoBERTa (large, cased) and DistilBERT (base, uncased) with the same hyperparameters as specified in the [example documentation](https://huggingface.co/transformers/examples.html#named-entity-recognition) (one run):
| Model | F-Score Dev | F-Score Test
| --------------------------------- | ------- | --------
| `bert-large-cased` | 95.59 | 91.70
| `roberta-large` | 95.96 | 91.87
| `distilbert-base-uncased` | 94.34 | 90.32
## Abstractive summarization
Based on the script
[`run_summarization_finetuning.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_summarization_finetuning.py).
Before running this script you should download **both** CNN and Daily Mail
datasets from [Kyunghyun Cho's website](https://cs.nyu.edu/~kcho/DMQA/) (the
links next to "Stories") in the same folder. Then uncompress the archives by running:
```bash
tar -xvf cnn_stories.tgz && tar -xvf dailymail_stories.tgz
```
note that the finetuning script **will not work** if you do not download both
datasets. We will refer as `$DATA_PATH` the path to where you uncompressed both
archive.
```bash
export DATA_PATH=/path/to/dataset/
python run_summarization_finetuning.py \
--output_dir=output \
--model_type=bert2bert \
--model_name_or_path=bert2bert \
--do_train \
--data_path=$DATA_PATH \
```
## XNLI
Based on the script [`run_xnli.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/run_xnli.py).
[XNLI](https://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/xnli/) is crowd-sourced dataset based on [MultiNLI](http://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/multinli/). It is an evaluation benchmark for cross-lingual text representations. Pairs of text are labeled with textual entailment annotations for 15 different languages (including both high-ressource language such as English and low-ressource languages such as Swahili).
#### Fine-tuning on XNLI
This example code fine-tunes mBERT (multi-lingual BERT) on the XNLI dataset. It runs in 106 mins
on a single tesla V100 16GB. The data for XNLI can be downloaded with the following links and should be both saved (and un-zipped) in a
`$XNLI_DIR` directory.
* [XNLI 1.0](https://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/xnli/XNLI-1.0.zip)
* [XNLI-MT 1.0](https://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/xnli/XNLI-MT-1.0.zip)
```bash
export XNLI_DIR=/path/to/XNLI
python run_xnli.py \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-multilingual-cased \
--language de \
--train_language en \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--data_dir $XNLI_DIR \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 32 \
--learning_rate 5e-5 \
--num_train_epochs 2.0 \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--output_dir /tmp/debug_xnli/ \
--save_steps -1
```
Training with the previously defined hyper-parameters yields the following results on the **test** set:
```bash
acc = 0.7093812375249501
```
-38
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## Adversarial evaluation of model performances
Here is an example on evaluating a model using adversarial evaluation of natural language inference with the Heuristic Analysis for NLI Systems (HANS) dataset [McCoy et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01007). The example was gracefully provided by [Nafise Sadat Moosavi](https://github.com/ns-moosavi).
The HANS dataset can be downloaded from [this location](https://github.com/tommccoy1/hans).
This is an example of using test_hans.py:
```bash
export HANS_DIR=path-to-hans
export MODEL_TYPE=type-of-the-model-e.g.-bert-roberta-xlnet-etc
export MODEL_PATH=path-to-the-model-directory-that-is-trained-on-NLI-e.g.-by-using-run_glue.py
python run_hans.py \
--task_name hans \
--model_type $MODEL_TYPE \
--do_eval \
--data_dir $HANS_DIR \
--model_name_or_path $MODEL_PATH \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--output_dir $MODEL_PATH \
```
This will create the hans_predictions.txt file in MODEL_PATH, which can then be evaluated using hans/evaluate_heur_output.py from the HANS dataset.
The results of the BERT-base model that is trained on MNLI using batch size 8 and the random seed 42 on the HANS dataset is as follows:
```bash
Heuristic entailed results:
lexical_overlap: 0.9702
subsequence: 0.9942
constituent: 0.9962
Heuristic non-entailed results:
lexical_overlap: 0.199
subsequence: 0.0396
constituent: 0.118
```
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@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2018 The Google AI Language Team Authors and The HuggingFace Inc. team.
# Copyright (c) 2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" Finetuning the library models for sequence classification on HANS."""
import logging
import os
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Dict, List, Optional
import numpy as np
import torch
from transformers import (
AutoConfig,
AutoModelForSequenceClassification,
AutoTokenizer,
HfArgumentParser,
Trainer,
TrainingArguments,
default_data_collator,
set_seed,
)
from utils_hans import HansDataset, InputFeatures, hans_processors, hans_tasks_num_labels
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@dataclass
class ModelArguments:
"""
Arguments pertaining to which model/config/tokenizer we are going to fine-tune from.
"""
model_name_or_path: str = field(
metadata={"help": "Path to pretrained model or model identifier from huggingface.co/models"}
)
config_name: Optional[str] = field(
default=None, metadata={"help": "Pretrained config name or path if not the same as model_name"}
)
tokenizer_name: Optional[str] = field(
default=None, metadata={"help": "Pretrained tokenizer name or path if not the same as model_name"}
)
cache_dir: Optional[str] = field(
default=None, metadata={"help": "Where do you want to store the pretrained models downloaded from s3"}
)
@dataclass
class DataTrainingArguments:
"""
Arguments pertaining to what data we are going to input our model for training and eval.
"""
task_name: str = field(
metadata={"help": "The name of the task to train selected in the list: " + ", ".join(hans_processors.keys())}
)
data_dir: str = field(
metadata={"help": "The input data dir. Should contain the .tsv files (or other data files) for the task."}
)
max_seq_length: int = field(
default=128,
metadata={
"help": "The maximum total input sequence length after tokenization. Sequences longer "
"than this will be truncated, sequences shorter will be padded."
},
)
overwrite_cache: bool = field(
default=False, metadata={"help": "Overwrite the cached training and evaluation sets"}
)
def hans_data_collator(features: List[InputFeatures]) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
"""
Data collator that removes the "pairID" key if present.
"""
batch = default_data_collator(features)
_ = batch.pop("pairID", None)
return batch
def main():
# See all possible arguments in src/transformers/training_args.py
# or by passing the --help flag to this script.
# We now keep distinct sets of args, for a cleaner separation of concerns.
parser = HfArgumentParser((ModelArguments, DataTrainingArguments, TrainingArguments))
model_args, data_args, training_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses()
if (
os.path.exists(training_args.output_dir)
and os.listdir(training_args.output_dir)
and training_args.do_train
and not training_args.overwrite_output_dir
):
raise ValueError(
f"Output directory ({training_args.output_dir}) already exists and is not empty. Use --overwrite_output_dir to overcome."
)
# Setup logging
logging.basicConfig(
format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(message)s",
datefmt="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S",
level=logging.INFO if training_args.local_rank in [-1, 0] else logging.WARN,
)
logger.warning(
"Process rank: %s, device: %s, n_gpu: %s, distributed training: %s, 16-bits training: %s",
training_args.local_rank,
training_args.device,
training_args.n_gpu,
bool(training_args.local_rank != -1),
training_args.fp16,
)
logger.info("Training/evaluation parameters %s", training_args)
# Set seed
set_seed(training_args.seed)
try:
num_labels = hans_tasks_num_labels[data_args.task_name]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError("Task not found: %s" % (data_args.task_name))
# Load pretrained model and tokenizer
#
# Distributed training:
# The .from_pretrained methods guarantee that only one local process can concurrently
# download model & vocab.
config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(
model_args.config_name if model_args.config_name else model_args.model_name_or_path,
num_labels=num_labels,
finetuning_task=data_args.task_name,
cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
model_args.tokenizer_name if model_args.tokenizer_name else model_args.model_name_or_path,
cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
)
model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(
model_args.model_name_or_path,
from_tf=bool(".ckpt" in model_args.model_name_or_path),
config=config,
cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
)
# Get datasets
train_dataset = (
HansDataset(
data_dir=data_args.data_dir,
tokenizer=tokenizer,
task=data_args.task_name,
max_seq_length=data_args.max_seq_length,
overwrite_cache=data_args.overwrite_cache,
)
if training_args.do_train
else None
)
eval_dataset = (
HansDataset(
data_dir=data_args.data_dir,
tokenizer=tokenizer,
task=data_args.task_name,
max_seq_length=data_args.max_seq_length,
overwrite_cache=data_args.overwrite_cache,
evaluate=True,
)
if training_args.do_eval
else None
)
# Initialize our Trainer
trainer = Trainer(
model=model,
args=training_args,
train_dataset=train_dataset,
eval_dataset=eval_dataset,
data_collator=hans_data_collator,
)
# Training
if training_args.do_train:
trainer.train(
model_path=model_args.model_name_or_path if os.path.isdir(model_args.model_name_or_path) else None
)
trainer.save_model()
# For convenience, we also re-save the tokenizer to the same directory,
# so that you can share your model easily on huggingface.co/models =)
if trainer.is_world_master():
tokenizer.save_pretrained(training_args.output_dir)
# Evaluation
if training_args.do_eval:
logger.info("*** Evaluate ***")
output = trainer.predict(eval_dataset)
preds = output.predictions
preds = np.argmax(preds, axis=1)
pair_ids = [ex.pairID for ex in eval_dataset]
output_eval_file = os.path.join(training_args.output_dir, "hans_predictions.txt")
label_list = eval_dataset.get_labels()
if trainer.is_world_master():
with open(output_eval_file, "w") as writer:
writer.write("pairID,gold_label\n")
for pid, pred in zip(pair_ids, preds):
writer.write("ex" + str(pid) + "," + label_list[int(pred)] + "\n")
trainer._log(output.metrics)
def _mp_fn(index):
# For xla_spawn (TPUs)
main()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
-330
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@@ -1,330 +0,0 @@
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2018 The Google AI Language Team Authors and The HuggingFace Inc. team.
# Copyright (c) 2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import logging
import os
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import List, Optional, Union
import tqdm
from filelock import FileLock
from transformers import (
BartTokenizer,
BartTokenizerFast,
DataProcessor,
PreTrainedTokenizer,
RobertaTokenizer,
RobertaTokenizerFast,
XLMRobertaTokenizer,
is_tf_available,
is_torch_available,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class InputExample:
"""
A single training/test example for simple sequence classification.
Args:
guid: Unique id for the example.
text_a: string. The untokenized text of the first sequence. For single
sequence tasks, only this sequence must be specified.
text_b: (Optional) string. The untokenized text of the second sequence.
Only must be specified for sequence pair tasks.
label: (Optional) string. The label of the example. This should be
specified for train and dev examples, but not for test examples.
pairID: (Optional) string. Unique identifier for the pair of sentences.
"""
guid: str
text_a: str
text_b: Optional[str] = None
label: Optional[str] = None
pairID: Optional[str] = None
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class InputFeatures:
"""
A single set of features of data.
Property names are the same names as the corresponding inputs to a model.
Args:
input_ids: Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary.
attention_mask: Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices.
Mask values selected in ``[0, 1]``:
Usually ``1`` for tokens that are NOT MASKED, ``0`` for MASKED (padded) tokens.
token_type_ids: (Optional) Segment token indices to indicate first and second
portions of the inputs. Only some models use them.
label: (Optional) Label corresponding to the input. Int for classification problems,
float for regression problems.
pairID: (Optional) Unique identifier for the pair of sentences.
"""
input_ids: List[int]
attention_mask: Optional[List[int]] = None
token_type_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
label: Optional[Union[int, float]] = None
pairID: Optional[int] = None
if is_torch_available():
import torch
from torch.utils.data.dataset import Dataset
class HansDataset(Dataset):
"""
This will be superseded by a framework-agnostic approach
soon.
"""
features: List[InputFeatures]
def __init__(
self,
data_dir: str,
tokenizer: PreTrainedTokenizer,
task: str,
max_seq_length: Optional[int] = None,
overwrite_cache=False,
evaluate: bool = False,
):
processor = hans_processors[task]()
cached_features_file = os.path.join(
data_dir,
"cached_{}_{}_{}_{}".format(
"dev" if evaluate else "train", tokenizer.__class__.__name__, str(max_seq_length), task,
),
)
label_list = processor.get_labels()
if tokenizer.__class__ in (
RobertaTokenizer,
RobertaTokenizerFast,
XLMRobertaTokenizer,
BartTokenizer,
BartTokenizerFast,
):
# HACK(label indices are swapped in RoBERTa pretrained model)
label_list[1], label_list[2] = label_list[2], label_list[1]
self.label_list = label_list
# Make sure only the first process in distributed training processes the dataset,
# and the others will use the cache.
lock_path = cached_features_file + ".lock"
with FileLock(lock_path):
if os.path.exists(cached_features_file) and not overwrite_cache:
logger.info(f"Loading features from cached file {cached_features_file}")
self.features = torch.load(cached_features_file)
else:
logger.info(f"Creating features from dataset file at {data_dir}")
examples = (
processor.get_dev_examples(data_dir) if evaluate else processor.get_train_examples(data_dir)
)
logger.info("Training examples: %s", len(examples))
self.features = hans_convert_examples_to_features(examples, label_list, max_seq_length, tokenizer)
logger.info("Saving features into cached file %s", cached_features_file)
torch.save(self.features, cached_features_file)
def __len__(self):
return len(self.features)
def __getitem__(self, i) -> InputFeatures:
return self.features[i]
def get_labels(self):
return self.label_list
if is_tf_available():
import tensorflow as tf
class TFHansDataset:
"""
This will be superseded by a framework-agnostic approach
soon.
"""
features: List[InputFeatures]
def __init__(
self,
data_dir: str,
tokenizer: PreTrainedTokenizer,
task: str,
max_seq_length: Optional[int] = 128,
overwrite_cache=False,
evaluate: bool = False,
):
processor = hans_processors[task]()
label_list = processor.get_labels()
if tokenizer.__class__ in (
RobertaTokenizer,
RobertaTokenizerFast,
XLMRobertaTokenizer,
BartTokenizer,
BartTokenizerFast,
):
# HACK(label indices are swapped in RoBERTa pretrained model)
label_list[1], label_list[2] = label_list[2], label_list[1]
self.label_list = label_list
examples = processor.get_dev_examples(data_dir) if evaluate else processor.get_train_examples(data_dir)
self.features = hans_convert_examples_to_features(examples, label_list, max_seq_length, tokenizer)
def gen():
for (ex_index, ex) in tqdm.tqdm(enumerate(self.features), desc="convert examples to features"):
if ex_index % 10000 == 0:
logger.info("Writing example %d of %d" % (ex_index, len(examples)))
yield (
{
"example_id": 0,
"input_ids": ex.input_ids,
"attention_mask": ex.attention_mask,
"token_type_ids": ex.token_type_ids,
},
ex.label,
)
self.dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_generator(
gen,
(
{
"example_id": tf.int32,
"input_ids": tf.int32,
"attention_mask": tf.int32,
"token_type_ids": tf.int32,
},
tf.int64,
),
(
{
"example_id": tf.TensorShape([]),
"input_ids": tf.TensorShape([None, None]),
"attention_mask": tf.TensorShape([None, None]),
"token_type_ids": tf.TensorShape([None, None]),
},
tf.TensorShape([]),
),
)
def get_dataset(self):
return self.dataset
def __len__(self):
return len(self.features)
def __getitem__(self, i) -> InputFeatures:
return self.features[i]
def get_labels(self):
return self.label_list
class HansProcessor(DataProcessor):
"""Processor for the HANS data set."""
def get_train_examples(self, data_dir):
"""See base class."""
return self._create_examples(self._read_tsv(os.path.join(data_dir, "heuristics_train_set.txt")), "train")
def get_dev_examples(self, data_dir):
"""See base class."""
return self._create_examples(self._read_tsv(os.path.join(data_dir, "heuristics_evaluation_set.txt")), "dev")
def get_labels(self):
"""See base class."""
return ["contradiction", "entailment", "neutral"]
def _create_examples(self, lines, set_type):
"""Creates examples for the training and dev sets."""
examples = []
for (i, line) in enumerate(lines):
if i == 0:
continue
guid = "%s-%s" % (set_type, line[0])
text_a = line[5]
text_b = line[6]
pairID = line[7][2:] if line[7].startswith("ex") else line[7]
label = line[-1]
examples.append(InputExample(guid=guid, text_a=text_a, text_b=text_b, label=label, pairID=pairID))
return examples
def hans_convert_examples_to_features(
examples: List[InputExample], label_list: List[str], max_length: int, tokenizer: PreTrainedTokenizer,
):
"""
Loads a data file into a list of ``InputFeatures``
Args:
examples: List of ``InputExamples`` containing the examples.
tokenizer: Instance of a tokenizer that will tokenize the examples.
max_length: Maximum example length.
label_list: List of labels. Can be obtained from the processor using the ``processor.get_labels()`` method.
output_mode: String indicating the output mode. Either ``regression`` or ``classification``.
Returns:
A list of task-specific ``InputFeatures`` which can be fed to the model.
"""
label_map = {label: i for i, label in enumerate(label_list)}
features = []
for (ex_index, example) in tqdm.tqdm(enumerate(examples), desc="convert examples to features"):
if ex_index % 10000 == 0:
logger.info("Writing example %d" % (ex_index))
inputs = tokenizer.encode_plus(
example.text_a,
example.text_b,
add_special_tokens=True,
max_length=max_length,
pad_to_max_length=True,
return_overflowing_tokens=True,
)
label = label_map[example.label] if example.label in label_map else 0
pairID = int(example.pairID)
features.append(InputFeatures(**inputs, label=label, pairID=pairID))
for i, example in enumerate(examples[:5]):
logger.info("*** Example ***")
logger.info(f"guid: {example}")
logger.info(f"features: {features[i]}")
return features
hans_tasks_num_labels = {
"hans": 3,
}
hans_processors = {
"hans": HansProcessor,
}
-160
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import csv
from collections import defaultdict
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import List, Optional
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.ticker import ScalarFormatter
from transformers import HfArgumentParser
def list_field(default=None, metadata=None):
return field(default_factory=lambda: default, metadata=metadata)
@dataclass
class PlotArguments:
"""
Arguments pertaining to which model/config/tokenizer we are going to fine-tune, or train from scratch.
"""
csv_file: str = field(metadata={"help": "The csv file to plot."},)
plot_along_batch: bool = field(
default=False,
metadata={"help": "Whether to plot along batch size or sequence lengh. Defaults to sequence length."},
)
is_time: bool = field(
default=False,
metadata={"help": "Whether the csv file has time results or memory results. Defaults to memory results."},
)
no_log_scale: bool = field(
default=False, metadata={"help": "Disable logarithmic scale when plotting"},
)
is_train: bool = field(
default=False,
metadata={
"help": "Whether the csv file has training results or inference results. Defaults to inference results."
},
)
figure_png_file: Optional[str] = field(
default=None, metadata={"help": "Filename under which the plot will be saved. If unused no plot is saved."},
)
short_model_names: Optional[List[str]] = list_field(
default=None, metadata={"help": "List of model names that are used instead of the ones in the csv file."}
)
def can_convert_to_int(string):
try:
int(string)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
def can_convert_to_float(string):
try:
float(string)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
class Plot:
def __init__(self, args):
self.args = args
self.result_dict = defaultdict(lambda: dict(bsz=[], seq_len=[], result={}))
with open(self.args.csv_file, newline="") as csv_file:
reader = csv.DictReader(csv_file)
for row in reader:
model_name = row["model"]
self.result_dict[model_name]["bsz"].append(int(row["batch_size"]))
self.result_dict[model_name]["seq_len"].append(int(row["sequence_length"]))
if can_convert_to_int(row["result"]):
# value is not None
self.result_dict[model_name]["result"][
(int(row["batch_size"]), int(row["sequence_length"]))
] = int(row["result"])
elif can_convert_to_float(row["result"]):
# value is not None
self.result_dict[model_name]["result"][
(int(row["batch_size"]), int(row["sequence_length"]))
] = float(row["result"])
def plot(self):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
title_str = "Time usage" if self.args.is_time else "Memory usage"
title_str = title_str + " for training" if self.args.is_train else title_str + " for inference"
if not self.args.no_log_scale:
# set logarithm scales
ax.set_xscale("log")
ax.set_yscale("log")
for axis in [ax.xaxis, ax.yaxis]:
axis.set_major_formatter(ScalarFormatter())
for model_name_idx, model_name in enumerate(self.result_dict.keys()):
batch_sizes = sorted(list(set(self.result_dict[model_name]["bsz"])))
sequence_lengths = sorted(list(set(self.result_dict[model_name]["seq_len"])))
results = self.result_dict[model_name]["result"]
(x_axis_array, inner_loop_array) = (
(batch_sizes, sequence_lengths) if self.args.plot_along_batch else (sequence_lengths, batch_sizes)
)
label_model_name = (
model_name if self.args.short_model_names is None else self.args.short_model_names[model_name_idx]
)
for inner_loop_value in inner_loop_array:
if self.args.plot_along_batch:
y_axis_array = np.asarray(
[results[(x, inner_loop_value)] for x in x_axis_array if (x, inner_loop_value) in results],
dtype=np.int,
)
else:
y_axis_array = np.asarray(
[results[(inner_loop_value, x)] for x in x_axis_array if (inner_loop_value, x) in results],
dtype=np.float32,
)
(x_axis_label, inner_loop_label) = (
("batch_size", "len") if self.args.plot_along_batch else ("in #tokens", "bsz")
)
x_axis_array = np.asarray(x_axis_array, np.int)[: len(y_axis_array)]
plt.scatter(
x_axis_array, y_axis_array, label=f"{label_model_name} - {inner_loop_label}: {inner_loop_value}"
)
plt.plot(x_axis_array, y_axis_array, "--")
title_str += f" {label_model_name} vs."
title_str = title_str[:-4]
y_axis_label = "Time in s" if self.args.is_time else "Memory in MB"
# plot
plt.title(title_str)
plt.xlabel(x_axis_label)
plt.ylabel(y_axis_label)
plt.legend()
if self.args.figure_png_file is not None:
plt.savefig(self.args.figure_png_file)
else:
plt.show()
def main():
parser = HfArgumentParser(PlotArguments)
plot_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses()[0]
plot = Plot(args=plot_args)
plot.plot()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
-29
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@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2020 The HuggingFace Inc. team.
# Copyright (c) 2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" Benchmarking the library on inference and training """
from transformers import HfArgumentParser, PyTorchBenchmark, PyTorchBenchmarkArguments
def main():
parser = HfArgumentParser(PyTorchBenchmarkArguments)
benchmark_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses()[0]
benchmark = PyTorchBenchmark(args=benchmark_args)
benchmark.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
-29
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@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2018 The HuggingFace Inc. team.
# Copyright (c) 2020, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" Benchmarking the library on inference and training in Tensorflow"""
from transformers import HfArgumentParser, TensorflowBenchmark, TensorflowBenchmarkArguments
def main():
parser = HfArgumentParser(TensorflowBenchmarkArguments)
benchmark_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses()[0]
benchmark = TensorflowBenchmark(args=benchmark_args)
benchmark.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
-4
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@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
model,batch_size,sequence_length,result
aodiniz/bert_uncased_L-10_H-512_A-8_cord19-200616_squad2,8,512,0.2032
aodiniz/bert_uncased_L-10_H-512_A-8_cord19-200616_squad2,64,512,1.5279
aodiniz/bert_uncased_L-10_H-512_A-8_cord19-200616_squad2,256,512,6.1837
1 model batch_size sequence_length result
2 aodiniz/bert_uncased_L-10_H-512_A-8_cord19-200616_squad2 8 512 0.2032
3 aodiniz/bert_uncased_L-10_H-512_A-8_cord19-200616_squad2 64 512 1.5279
4 aodiniz/bert_uncased_L-10_H-512_A-8_cord19-200616_squad2 256 512 6.1837
+477
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2018 The HuggingFace Inc. team.
# Copyright (c) 2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" Benchmarking the library on inference and training """
# If checking the tensors placement
# tf.debugging.set_log_device_placement(True)
from typing import List
import timeit
from transformers import is_tf_available, is_torch_available
from time import time
import argparse
import csv
if is_tf_available():
import tensorflow as tf
from transformers import TFAutoModel
if is_torch_available():
import torch
from transformers import AutoModel
from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoTokenizer
input_text = """Bent over their instruments, three hundred Fertilizers were plunged, as
the Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning entered the room, in the
scarcely breathing silence, the absent-minded, soliloquizing hum or
whistle, of absorbed concentration. A troop of newly arrived students,
very young, pink and callow, followed nervously, rather abjectly, at the
Director's heels. Each of them carried a notebook, in which, whenever
the great man spoke, he desperately scribbled. Straight from the
horse's mouth. It was a rare privilege. The D. H. C. for Central London
always made a point of personally conducting his new students round
the various departments.
"Just to give you a general idea," he would explain to them. For of
course some sort of general idea they must have, if they were to do
their work intelligently-though as little of one, if they were to be good
and happy members of society, as possible. For particulars, as every
one knows, make for virtue and happiness; generalities are intellectu-
ally necessary evils. Not philosophers but fret-sawyers and stamp col-
lectors compose the backbone of society.
"To-morrow," he would add, smiling at them with a slightly menacing
geniality, "you'll be settling down to serious work. You won't have time
for generalities. Meanwhile ..."
Meanwhile, it was a privilege. Straight from the horse's mouth into the
notebook. The boys scribbled like mad.
Tall and rather thin but upright, the Director advanced into the room.
He had a long chin and big rather prominent teeth, just covered, when
he was not talking, by his full, floridly curved lips. Old, young? Thirty?
Fifty? Fifty-five? It was hard to say. And anyhow the question didn't
arise; in this year of stability, A. F. 632, it didn't occur to you to ask it.
"I shall begin at the beginning," said the D.H.C. and the more zealous
students recorded his intention in their notebooks: Begin at the begin-
ning. "These," he waved his hand, "are the incubators." And opening
an insulated door he showed them racks upon racks of numbered test-
tubes. "The week's supply of ova. Kept," he explained, "at blood heat;
whereas the male gametes," and here he opened another door, "they
have to be kept at thirty-five instead of thirty-seven. Full blood heat
sterilizes." Rams wrapped in theremogene beget no lambs.
Still leaning against the incubators he gave them, while the pencils
scurried illegibly across the pages, a brief description of the modern
fertilizing process; spoke first, of course, of its surgical introduc-
tion-"the operation undergone voluntarily for the good of Society, not
to mention the fact that it carries a bonus amounting to six months'
salary"; continued with some account of the technique for preserving
the excised ovary alive and actively developing; passed on to a consid-
eration of optimum temperature, salinity, viscosity; referred to the liq-
uor in which the detached and ripened eggs were kept; and, leading
his charges to the work tables, actually showed them how this liquor
was drawn off from the test-tubes; how it was let out drop by drop
onto the specially warmed slides of the microscopes; how the eggs
which it contained were inspected for abnormalities, counted and
transferred to a porous receptacle; how (and he now took them to
watch the operation) this receptacle was immersed in a warm bouillon
containing free-swimming spermatozoa-at a minimum concentration
of one hundred thousand per cubic centimetre, he insisted; and how,
after ten minutes, the container was lifted out of the liquor and its
contents re-examined; how, if any of the eggs remained unfertilized, it
was again immersed, and, if necessary, yet again; how the fertilized
ova went back to the incubators; where the Alphas and Betas re-
mained until definitely bottled; while the Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons
were brought out again, after only thirty-six hours, to undergo Bo-
kanovsky's Process.
"Bokanovsky's Process," repeated the Director, and the students un-
derlined the words in their little notebooks.
One egg, one embryo, one adult-normality. But a bokanovskified egg
will bud, will proliferate, will divide. From eight to ninety-six buds, and
every bud will grow into a perfectly formed embryo, and every embryo
into a full-sized adult. Making ninety-six human beings grow where
only one grew before. Progress.
"Essentially," the D.H.C. concluded, "bokanovskification consists of a
series of arrests of development. We check the normal growth and,
paradoxically enough, the egg responds by budding."
Responds by budding. The pencils were busy.
He pointed. On a very slowly moving band a rack-full of test-tubes was
entering a large metal box, another, rack-full was emerging. Machinery
faintly purred. It took eight minutes for the tubes to go through, he
told them. Eight minutes of hard X-rays being about as much as an
egg can stand. A few died; of the rest, the least susceptible divided
into two; most put out four buds; some eight; all were returned to the
incubators, where the buds began to develop; then, after two days,
were suddenly chilled, chilled and checked. Two, four, eight, the buds
in their turn budded; and having budded were dosed almost to death
with alcohol; consequently burgeoned again and having budded-bud
out of bud out of bud-were thereafter-further arrest being generally
fatal-left to develop in peace. By which time the original egg was in a
fair way to becoming anything from eight to ninety-six embryos- a
prodigious improvement, you will agree, on nature. Identical twins-but
not in piddling twos and threes as in the old viviparous days, when an
egg would sometimes accidentally divide; actually by dozens, by
scores at a time.
"Scores," the Director repeated and flung out his arms, as though he
were distributing largesse. "Scores."
But one of the students was fool enough to ask where the advantage
lay.
"My good boy!" The Director wheeled sharply round on him. "Can't you
see? Can't you see?" He raised a hand; his expression was solemn.
"Bokanovsky's Process is one of the major instruments of social stabil-
ity!"
Major instruments of social stability.
Standard men and women; in uniform batches. The whole of a small
factory staffed with the products of a single bokanovskified egg.
"Ninety-six identical twins working ninety-six identical machines!" The
voice was almost tremulous with enthusiasm. "You really know where
you are. For the first time in history." He quoted the planetary motto.
"Community, Identity, Stability." Grand words. "If we could bo-
kanovskify indefinitely the whole problem would be solved."
Solved by standard Gammas, unvarying Deltas, uniform Epsilons. Mil-
lions of identical twins. The principle of mass production at last applied
to biology.
"But, alas," the Director shook his head, "we can't bokanovskify indefi-
nitely."
Ninety-six seemed to be the limit; seventy-two a good average. From
the same ovary and with gametes of the same male to manufacture as
many batches of identical twins as possible-that was the best (sadly a
second best) that they could do. And even that was difficult.
"For in nature it takes thirty years for two hundred eggs to reach ma-
turity. But our business is to stabilize the population at this moment,
here and now. Dribbling out twins over a quarter of a century-what
would be the use of that?"
Obviously, no use at all. But Podsnap's Technique had immensely ac-
celerated the process of ripening. They could make sure of at least a
hundred and fifty mature eggs within two years. Fertilize and bo-
kanovskify-in other words, multiply by seventy-two-and you get an
average of nearly eleven thousand brothers and sisters in a hundred
and fifty batches of identical twins, all within two years of the same
age.
"And in exceptional cases we can make one ovary yield us over fifteen
thousand adult individuals."
Beckoning to a fair-haired, ruddy young man who happened to be
passing at the moment. "Mr. Foster," he called. The ruddy young man
approached. "Can you tell us the record for a single ovary, Mr. Foster?"
"Sixteen thousand and twelve in this Centre," Mr. Foster replied with-
out hesitation. He spoke very quickly, had a vivacious blue eye, and
took an evident pleasure in quoting figures. "Sixteen thousand and
twelve; in one hundred and eighty-nine batches of identicals. But of
course they've done much better," he rattled on, "in some of the tropi-
cal Centres. Singapore has often produced over sixteen thousand five
hundred; and Mombasa has actually touched the seventeen thousand
mark. But then they have unfair advantages. You should see the way a
negro ovary responds to pituitary! It's quite astonishing, when you're
used to working with European material. Still," he added, with a laugh
(but the light of combat was in his eyes and the lift of his chin was
challenging), "still, we mean to beat them if we can. I'm working on a
wonderful Delta-Minus ovary at this moment. Only just eighteen
months old. Over twelve thousand seven hundred children already, ei-
ther decanted or in embryo. And still going strong. We'll beat them
yet."
"That's the spirit I like!" cried the Director, and clapped Mr. Foster on
the shoulder. "Come along with us, and give these boys the benefit of
your expert knowledge."
Mr. Foster smiled modestly. "With pleasure." They went.
In the Bottling Room all was harmonious bustle and ordered activity.
Flaps of fresh sow's peritoneum ready cut to the proper size came
shooting up in little lifts from the Organ Store in the sub-basement.
Whizz and then, click! the lift-hatches hew open; the bottle-liner had
only to reach out a hand, take the flap, insert, smooth-down, and be-
fore the lined bottle had had time to travel out of reach along the end-
less band, whizz, click! another flap of peritoneum had shot up from
the depths, ready to be slipped into yet another bottle, the next of that
slow interminable procession on the band.
Next to the Liners stood the Matriculators. The procession advanced;
one by one the eggs were transferred from their test-tubes to the
larger containers; deftly the peritoneal lining was slit, the morula
dropped into place, the saline solution poured in ... and already the
bottle had passed, and it was the turn of the labellers. Heredity, date
of fertilization, membership of Bokanovsky Group-details were trans-
ferred from test-tube to bottle. No longer anonymous, but named,
identified, the procession marched slowly on; on through an opening in
the wall, slowly on into the Social Predestination Room.
"Eighty-eight cubic metres of card-index," said Mr. Foster with relish,
as they entered."""
def create_setup_and_compute(model_names: List[str],
gpu: bool = True,
tensorflow: bool = False,
average_over: int = 3,
torchscript: bool = False,
xla: bool = False,
amp: bool = False,
fp16: bool = False,
save_to_csv: bool = False,
csv_filename: str = f"results_{round(time())}.csv"):
if xla:
tf.config.optimizer.set_jit(True)
if amp:
tf.config.optimizer.set_experimental_options({"auto_mixed_precision": True})
if tensorflow:
dictionary = {model_name: {} for model_name in model_names}
results = _compute_tensorflow(model_names, dictionary, average_over, amp)
else:
device = 'cuda' if (gpu and torch.cuda.is_available()) else 'cpu'
dictionary = {model_name: {} for model_name in model_names}
results = _compute_pytorch(model_names, dictionary, average_over, device, torchscript, fp16)
print("=========== RESULTS ===========")
for model_name in model_names:
print("\t" + f"======= MODEL CHECKPOINT: {model_name} =======")
for batch_size in results[model_name]["bs"]:
print("\t\t" + f"===== BATCH SIZE: {batch_size} =====")
for slice_size in results[model_name]["ss"]:
result = results[model_name]['results'][batch_size][slice_size]
if isinstance(result, str):
print(f"\t\t{model_name}/{batch_size}/{slice_size}: "
f"{result}")
else:
print(f"\t\t{model_name}/{batch_size}/{slice_size}: "
f"{(round(1000 * result) / 1000)}"
f"s")
if save_to_csv:
with open(csv_filename, mode='w') as csv_file:
fieldnames = ['model',
'1x8', '1x64', '1x128', '1x256', '1x512', '1x1024',
'2x8', '2x64', '2x128', '2x256', '2x512', '2x1024',
'4x8', '4x64', '4x128', '4x256', '4x512', '4x1024',
'8x8', '8x64', '8x128', '8x256', '8x512', '8x1024',
]
writer = csv.DictWriter(csv_file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
writer.writeheader()
for model_name in model_names:
model_results = {
f'{bs}x{ss}': results[model_name]['results'][bs][ss]
for bs in results[model_name]["results"]
for ss in results[model_name]['results'][bs]
}
writer.writerow({'model': model_name, **model_results})
def _compute_pytorch(model_names, dictionary, average_over, device, torchscript, fp16):
for c, model_name in enumerate(model_names):
print(f"{c + 1} / {len(model_names)}")
config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_name, torchscript=torchscript)
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_name, config=config)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
tokenized_sequence = tokenizer.encode(input_text, add_special_tokens=False)
max_input_size = tokenizer.max_model_input_sizes[model_name]
batch_sizes = [1, 2, 4, 8]
slice_sizes = [8, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]
dictionary[model_name] = {"bs": batch_sizes, "ss": slice_sizes, "results": {}}
dictionary[model_name]["results"] = {i: {} for i in batch_sizes}
for batch_size in batch_sizes:
if fp16:
model.half()
model.to(device)
model.eval()
for slice_size in slice_sizes:
if max_input_size is not None and slice_size > max_input_size:
dictionary[model_name]["results"][batch_size][slice_size] = "N/A"
else:
sequence = torch.tensor(tokenized_sequence[:slice_size], device=device).repeat(batch_size, 1)
try:
if torchscript:
print("Tracing model with sequence size", sequence.shape)
inference = torch.jit.trace(model, sequence)
inference(sequence)
else:
inference = model
inference(sequence)
print("Going through model with sequence of shape", sequence.shape)
runtimes = timeit.repeat(lambda: inference(sequence), repeat=average_over, number=3)
average_time = sum(runtimes)/float(len(runtimes)) / 3.0
dictionary[model_name]["results"][batch_size][slice_size] = average_time
except RuntimeError as e:
print("Doesn't fit on GPU.", e)
torch.cuda.empty_cache()
dictionary[model_name]["results"][batch_size][slice_size] = "N/A"
return dictionary
def _compute_tensorflow(model_names, dictionary, average_over, amp):
for c, model_name in enumerate(model_names):
print(f"{c + 1} / {len(model_names)}")
config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = TFAutoModel.from_pretrained(model_name, config=config)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
tokenized_sequence = tokenizer.encode(input_text, add_special_tokens=False)
max_input_size = tokenizer.max_model_input_sizes[model_name]
batch_sizes = [1, 2, 4, 8]
slice_sizes = [8, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024]
dictionary[model_name] = {"bs": batch_sizes, "ss": slice_sizes, "results": {}}
dictionary[model_name]["results"] = {i: {} for i in batch_sizes}
print("Using model", model)
@tf.function
def inference(inputs):
return model(inputs)
for batch_size in batch_sizes:
for slice_size in slice_sizes:
if max_input_size is not None and slice_size > max_input_size:
dictionary[model_name]["results"][batch_size][slice_size] = "N/A"
else:
sequence = tf.stack([tf.squeeze(tf.constant(tokenized_sequence[:slice_size])[None, :])] * batch_size)
try:
print("Going through model with sequence of shape", sequence.shape)
# To make sure that the model is traced + that the tensors are on the appropriate device
inference(sequence)
runtimes = timeit.repeat(lambda: inference(sequence), repeat=average_over, number=3)
average_time = sum(runtimes)/float(len(runtimes)) / 3.0
dictionary[model_name]["results"][batch_size][slice_size] = average_time
except tf.errors.ResourceExhaustedError as e:
print("Doesn't fit on GPU.", e)
torch.cuda.empty_cache()
dictionary[model_name]["results"][batch_size][slice_size] = "N/A"
return dictionary
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--models", required=False, type=str, default='all', help="Model checkpoints to be provided "
"to the AutoModel classes. Leave "
"blank to benchmark the base version "
"of all available model "
"architectures.")
parser.add_argument("--torch", required=False, action="store_true", help="Benchmark the Pytorch version of the "
"models")
parser.add_argument("--torch_cuda", required=False, action="store_true", help="Pytorch only: run on available "
"cuda devices")
parser.add_argument("--torchscript", required=False, action="store_true", help="Pytorch only: trace the models "
"using torchscript")
parser.add_argument("--tensorflow", required=False, action="store_true", help="Benchmark the TensorFlow version "
"of the models. Will run on GPU if "
"the correct dependencies are "
"installed")
parser.add_argument("--xla", required=False, action="store_true", help="TensorFlow only: use XLA acceleration.")
parser.add_argument("--amp", required=False, action="store_true", help="TensorFlow only: use automatic mixed precision acceleration.")
parser.add_argument("--fp16", required=False, action="store_true", help="PyTorch only: use FP16 to accelerate inference.")
parser.add_argument("--keras_predict", required=False, action="store_true", help="Whether to use model.predict "
"instead of model() to do a "
"forward pass.")
parser.add_argument("--save_to_csv", required=False, action="store_true", help="Save to a CSV file.")
parser.add_argument("--csv_filename", required=False, default=None, help="CSV filename used if saving results to csv.")
parser.add_argument("--average_over", required=False, default=30, type=int, help="Times an experiment will be run.")
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.models == 'all':
args.models = [
"gpt2",
"bert-base-cased",
"xlnet-base-cased",
"xlm-mlm-en-2048",
"transfo-xl-wt103",
"openai-gpt",
"distilbert-base-uncased",
"distilgpt2",
"roberta-base",
"ctrl"
]
else:
args.models = args.models.split()
print("Running with arguments", args)
if args.torch:
if is_torch_available():
create_setup_and_compute(
model_names=args.models,
tensorflow=False,
gpu=args.torch_cuda,
torchscript=args.torchscript,
fp16=args.fp16,
save_to_csv=args.save_to_csv,
csv_filename=args.csv_filename,
average_over=args.average_over
)
else:
raise ImportError("Trying to run a PyTorch benchmark but PyTorch was not found in the environment.")
if args.tensorflow:
if is_tf_available():
create_setup_and_compute(
model_names=args.models,
tensorflow=True,
xla=args.xla,
amp=args.amp,
save_to_csv=args.save_to_csv,
csv_filename=args.csv_filename,
average_over=args.average_over
)
else:
raise ImportError("Trying to run a TensorFlow benchmark but TensorFlow was not found in the environment.")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
-89
View File
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
# Patience-based Early Exit
Patience-based Early Exit (PABEE) is a plug-and-play inference method for pretrained language models.
We have already implemented it on BERT and ALBERT. Basically, you can make your LM faster and more robust with PABEE. It can even improve the performance of ALBERT on GLUE. The only sacrifice is that the batch size can only be 1.
Learn more in the paper ["BERT Loses Patience: Fast and Robust Inference with Early Exit"](https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04152) and the official [GitHub repo](https://github.com/JetRunner/PABEE).
![PABEE](https://github.com/JetRunner/PABEE/raw/master/bert-loses-patience.png)
## Training
You can fine-tune a pretrained language model (you can choose from BERT and ALBERT) and train the internal classifiers by:
```bash
export GLUE_DIR=/path/to/glue_data
export TASK_NAME=MRPC
python ./run_glue_with_pabee.py \
--model_type albert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-uncased/albert-base-v2 \
--task_name $TASK_NAME \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir "$GLUE_DIR/$TASK_NAME" \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--per_gpu_train_batch_size 32 \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size 32 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--save_steps 50 \
--logging_steps 50 \
--num_train_epochs 5 \
--output_dir /path/to/save/ \
--evaluate_during_training
```
## Inference
You can inference with different patience settings by:
```bash
export GLUE_DIR=/path/to/glue_data
export TASK_NAME=MRPC
python ./run_glue_with_pabee.py \
--model_type albert \
--model_name_or_path /path/to/save/ \
--task_name $TASK_NAME \
--do_eval \
--do_lower_case \
--data_dir "$GLUE_DIR/$TASK_NAME" \
--max_seq_length 128 \
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size 1 \
--learning_rate 2e-5 \
--logging_steps 50 \
--num_train_epochs 15 \
--output_dir /path/to/save/ \
--eval_all_checkpoints \
--patience 3,4,5,6,7,8
```
where `patience` can be a list of patience settings, separated by a comma. It will help determine which patience works best.
When evaluating on a regression task (STS-B), you may add `--regression_threshold 0.1` to define the regression threshold.
## Results
On the GLUE dev set:
| Model | \#Param | Speed | CoLA | MNLI | MRPC | QNLI | QQP | RTE | SST\-2 | STS\-B |
|--------------|---------|--------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|--------|--------|
| ALBERT\-base | 12M | | 58\.9 | 84\.6 | 89\.5 | 91\.7 | 89\.6 | 78\.6 | 92\.8 | 89\.5 |
| \+PABEE | 12M | 1\.57x | 61\.2 | 85\.1 | 90\.0 | 91\.8 | 89\.6 | 80\.1 | 93\.0 | 90\.1 |
| Model | \#Param | Speed\-up | MNLI | SST\-2 | STS\-B |
|---------------|---------|-----------|-------|--------|--------|
| BERT\-base | 108M | | 84\.5 | 92\.1 | 88\.9 |
| \+PABEE | 108M | 1\.62x | 83\.6 | 92\.0 | 88\.7 |
| ALBERT\-large | 18M | | 86\.4 | 94\.9 | 90\.4 |
| \+PABEE | 18M | 2\.42x | 86\.8 | 95\.2 | 90\.6 |
## Citation
If you find this resource useful, please consider citing the following paper:
```bibtex
@misc{zhou2020bert,
title={BERT Loses Patience: Fast and Robust Inference with Early Exit},
author={Wangchunshu Zhou and Canwen Xu and Tao Ge and Julian McAuley and Ke Xu and Furu Wei},
year={2020},
eprint={2006.04152},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```
@@ -1,310 +0,0 @@
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2020 Google AI, Google Brain, the HuggingFace Inc. team and Microsoft Corporation.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""PyTorch ALBERT model with Patience-based Early Exit. """
import logging
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.nn import CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss
from transformers.file_utils import add_start_docstrings, add_start_docstrings_to_callable
from transformers.modeling_albert import (
ALBERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING,
ALBERT_START_DOCSTRING,
AlbertModel,
AlbertPreTrainedModel,
AlbertTransformer,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class AlbertTransformerWithPabee(AlbertTransformer):
def adaptive_forward(self, hidden_states, current_layer, attention_mask=None, head_mask=None):
if current_layer == 0:
hidden_states = self.embedding_hidden_mapping_in(hidden_states)
else:
hidden_states = hidden_states[0]
layers_per_group = int(self.config.num_hidden_layers / self.config.num_hidden_groups)
# Index of the hidden group
group_idx = int(current_layer / (self.config.num_hidden_layers / self.config.num_hidden_groups))
layer_group_output = self.albert_layer_groups[group_idx](
hidden_states,
attention_mask,
head_mask[group_idx * layers_per_group : (group_idx + 1) * layers_per_group],
)
hidden_states = layer_group_output[0]
return (hidden_states,)
@add_start_docstrings(
"The bare ALBERT Model transformer with PABEE outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
ALBERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class AlbertModelWithPabee(AlbertModel):
def __init__(self, config):
super().__init__(config)
self.encoder = AlbertTransformerWithPabee(config)
self.init_weights()
self.patience = 0
self.inference_instances_num = 0
self.inference_layers_num = 0
self.regression_threshold = 0
def set_regression_threshold(self, threshold):
self.regression_threshold = threshold
def set_patience(self, patience):
self.patience = patience
def reset_stats(self):
self.inference_instances_num = 0
self.inference_layers_num = 0
def log_stats(self):
avg_inf_layers = self.inference_layers_num / self.inference_instances_num
message = f"*** Patience = {self.patience} Avg. Inference Layers = {avg_inf_layers:.2f} Speed Up = {1 - avg_inf_layers / self.config.num_hidden_layers:.2f} ***"
print(message)
@add_start_docstrings_to_callable(ALBERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
def forward(
self,
input_ids=None,
attention_mask=None,
token_type_ids=None,
position_ids=None,
head_mask=None,
inputs_embeds=None,
output_dropout=None,
output_layers=None,
regression=False,
):
r"""
Return:
:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` comprising various elements depending on the configuration (:class:`~transformers.AlbertConfig`) and inputs:
last_hidden_state (:obj:`torch.FloatTensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.
pooler_output (:obj:`torch.FloatTensor`: of shape :obj:`(batch_size, hidden_size)`):
Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token)
further processed by a Linear layer and a Tanh activation function. The Linear
layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification)
objective during pre-training.
This output is usually *not* a good summary
of the semantic content of the input, you're often better with averaging or pooling
the sequence of hidden-states for the whole input sequence.
hidden_states (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_hidden_states=True``):
Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer)
of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.
Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
attentions (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_attentions=True``):
Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape
:obj:`(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.
Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
heads.
"""
if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds is not None:
raise ValueError("You cannot specify both input_ids and inputs_embeds at the same time")
elif input_ids is not None:
input_shape = input_ids.size()
elif inputs_embeds is not None:
input_shape = inputs_embeds.size()[:-1]
else:
raise ValueError("You have to specify either input_ids or inputs_embeds")
device = input_ids.device if input_ids is not None else inputs_embeds.device
if attention_mask is None:
attention_mask = torch.ones(input_shape, device=device)
if token_type_ids is None:
token_type_ids = torch.zeros(input_shape, dtype=torch.long, device=device)
extended_attention_mask = attention_mask.unsqueeze(1).unsqueeze(2)
extended_attention_mask = extended_attention_mask.to(dtype=self.dtype) # fp16 compatibility
extended_attention_mask = (1.0 - extended_attention_mask) * -10000.0
head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_hidden_layers)
embedding_output = self.embeddings(
input_ids, position_ids=position_ids, token_type_ids=token_type_ids, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds
)
encoder_outputs = embedding_output
if self.training:
res = []
for i in range(self.config.num_hidden_layers):
encoder_outputs = self.encoder.adaptive_forward(
encoder_outputs, current_layer=i, attention_mask=extended_attention_mask, head_mask=head_mask,
)
pooled_output = self.pooler_activation(self.pooler(encoder_outputs[0][:, 0]))
logits = output_layers[i](output_dropout(pooled_output))
res.append(logits)
elif self.patience == 0: # Use all layers for inference
encoder_outputs = self.encoder(encoder_outputs, extended_attention_mask, head_mask=head_mask)
pooled_output = self.pooler_activation(self.pooler(encoder_outputs[0][:, 0]))
res = [output_layers[self.config.num_hidden_layers - 1](pooled_output)]
else:
patient_counter = 0
patient_result = None
calculated_layer_num = 0
for i in range(self.config.num_hidden_layers):
calculated_layer_num += 1
encoder_outputs = self.encoder.adaptive_forward(
encoder_outputs, current_layer=i, attention_mask=extended_attention_mask, head_mask=head_mask,
)
pooled_output = self.pooler_activation(self.pooler(encoder_outputs[0][:, 0]))
logits = output_layers[i](pooled_output)
if regression:
labels = logits.detach()
if patient_result is not None:
patient_labels = patient_result.detach()
if (patient_result is not None) and torch.abs(patient_result - labels) < self.regression_threshold:
patient_counter += 1
else:
patient_counter = 0
else:
labels = logits.detach().argmax(dim=1)
if patient_result is not None:
patient_labels = patient_result.detach().argmax(dim=1)
if (patient_result is not None) and torch.all(labels.eq(patient_labels)):
patient_counter += 1
else:
patient_counter = 0
patient_result = logits
if patient_counter == self.patience:
break
res = [patient_result]
self.inference_layers_num += calculated_layer_num
self.inference_instances_num += 1
return res
@add_start_docstrings(
"""Albert Model transformer with PABEE and a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of
the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks. """,
ALBERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class AlbertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee(AlbertPreTrainedModel):
def __init__(self, config):
super().__init__(config)
self.num_labels = config.num_labels
self.albert = AlbertModelWithPabee(config)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.classifier_dropout_prob)
self.classifiers = nn.ModuleList(
[nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.config.num_labels) for _ in range(config.num_hidden_layers)]
)
self.init_weights()
@add_start_docstrings_to_callable(ALBERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
def forward(
self,
input_ids=None,
attention_mask=None,
token_type_ids=None,
position_ids=None,
head_mask=None,
inputs_embeds=None,
labels=None,
):
r"""
labels (:obj:`torch.LongTensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size,)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss.
Indices should be in ``[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]``.
If ``config.num_labels == 1`` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss),
If ``config.num_labels > 1`` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
Returns:
:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` comprising various elements depending on the configuration (:class:`~transformers.AlbertConfig`) and inputs:
loss: (`optional`, returned when ``labels`` is provided) ``torch.FloatTensor`` of shape ``(1,)``:
Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.
logits ``torch.FloatTensor`` of shape ``(batch_size, config.num_labels)``
Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).
hidden_states (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_hidden_states=True``):
Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer)
of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.
Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
attentions (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_attentions=True``):
Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape
:obj:`(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.
Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
heads.
Examples::
from transformers import AlbertTokenizer
from pabee import AlbertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee
import torch
tokenizer = AlbertTokenizer.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
model = AlbertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee.from_pretrained('albert-base-v2')
input_ids = torch.tensor(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute")).unsqueeze(0) # Batch size 1
labels = torch.tensor([1]).unsqueeze(0) # Batch size 1
outputs = model(input_ids, labels=labels)
loss, logits = outputs[:2]
"""
logits = self.albert(
input_ids=input_ids,
attention_mask=attention_mask,
token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
position_ids=position_ids,
head_mask=head_mask,
inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
output_dropout=self.dropout,
output_layers=self.classifiers,
regression=self.num_labels == 1,
)
outputs = (logits[-1],)
if labels is not None:
total_loss = None
total_weights = 0
for ix, logits_item in enumerate(logits):
if self.num_labels == 1:
# We are doing regression
loss_fct = MSELoss()
loss = loss_fct(logits_item.view(-1), labels.view(-1))
else:
loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
loss = loss_fct(logits_item.view(-1, self.num_labels), labels.view(-1))
if total_loss is None:
total_loss = loss
else:
total_loss += loss * (ix + 1)
total_weights += ix + 1
outputs = (total_loss / total_weights,) + outputs
return outputs
@@ -1,342 +0,0 @@
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2020 The Google AI Language Team Authors, The HuggingFace Inc. team and Microsoft Corporation.
# Copyright (c) 2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""PyTorch BERT model with Patience-based Early Exit. """
import logging
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import CrossEntropyLoss, MSELoss
from transformers.file_utils import add_start_docstrings, add_start_docstrings_to_callable
from transformers.modeling_bert import (
BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING,
BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
BertEncoder,
BertModel,
BertPreTrainedModel,
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class BertEncoderWithPabee(BertEncoder):
def adaptive_forward(self, hidden_states, current_layer, attention_mask=None, head_mask=None):
layer_outputs = self.layer[current_layer](hidden_states, attention_mask, head_mask[current_layer])
hidden_states = layer_outputs[0]
return hidden_states
@add_start_docstrings(
"The bare Bert Model transformer with PABEE outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.",
BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class BertModelWithPabee(BertModel):
"""
The model can behave as an encoder (with only self-attention) as well
as a decoder, in which case a layer of cross-attention is added between
the self-attention layers, following the architecture described in `Attention is all you need`_ by Ashish Vaswani,
Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser and Illia Polosukhin.
To behave as an decoder the model needs to be initialized with the
:obj:`is_decoder` argument of the configuration set to :obj:`True`; an
:obj:`encoder_hidden_states` is expected as an input to the forward pass.
.. _`Attention is all you need`:
https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762
"""
def __init__(self, config):
super().__init__(config)
self.encoder = BertEncoderWithPabee(config)
self.init_weights()
self.patience = 0
self.inference_instances_num = 0
self.inference_layers_num = 0
self.regression_threshold = 0
def set_regression_threshold(self, threshold):
self.regression_threshold = threshold
def set_patience(self, patience):
self.patience = patience
def reset_stats(self):
self.inference_instances_num = 0
self.inference_layers_num = 0
def log_stats(self):
avg_inf_layers = self.inference_layers_num / self.inference_instances_num
message = f"*** Patience = {self.patience} Avg. Inference Layers = {avg_inf_layers:.2f} Speed Up = {1 - avg_inf_layers / self.config.num_hidden_layers:.2f} ***"
print(message)
@add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
def forward(
self,
input_ids=None,
attention_mask=None,
token_type_ids=None,
position_ids=None,
head_mask=None,
inputs_embeds=None,
encoder_hidden_states=None,
encoder_attention_mask=None,
output_dropout=None,
output_layers=None,
regression=False,
):
r"""
Return:
:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` comprising various elements depending on the configuration (:class:`~transformers.BertConfig`) and inputs:
last_hidden_state (:obj:`torch.FloatTensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.
pooler_output (:obj:`torch.FloatTensor`: of shape :obj:`(batch_size, hidden_size)`):
Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token)
further processed by a Linear layer and a Tanh activation function. The Linear
layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification)
objective during pre-training.
This output is usually *not* a good summary
of the semantic content of the input, you're often better with averaging or pooling
the sequence of hidden-states for the whole input sequence.
hidden_states (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_hidden_states=True``):
Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer)
of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.
Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
attentions (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_attentions=True``):
Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape
:obj:`(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.
Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
heads.
"""
if input_ids is not None and inputs_embeds is not None:
raise ValueError("You cannot specify both input_ids and inputs_embeds at the same time")
elif input_ids is not None:
input_shape = input_ids.size()
elif inputs_embeds is not None:
input_shape = inputs_embeds.size()[:-1]
else:
raise ValueError("You have to specify either input_ids or inputs_embeds")
device = input_ids.device if input_ids is not None else inputs_embeds.device
if attention_mask is None:
attention_mask = torch.ones(input_shape, device=device)
if token_type_ids is None:
token_type_ids = torch.zeros(input_shape, dtype=torch.long, device=device)
# We can provide a self-attention mask of dimensions [batch_size, from_seq_length, to_seq_length]
# ourselves in which case we just need to make it broadcastable to all heads.
extended_attention_mask: torch.Tensor = self.get_extended_attention_mask(attention_mask, input_shape, device)
# If a 2D ou 3D attention mask is provided for the cross-attention
# we need to make broadcastabe to [batch_size, num_heads, seq_length, seq_length]
if self.config.is_decoder and encoder_hidden_states is not None:
encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length, _ = encoder_hidden_states.size()
encoder_hidden_shape = (encoder_batch_size, encoder_sequence_length)
if encoder_attention_mask is None:
encoder_attention_mask = torch.ones(encoder_hidden_shape, device=device)
encoder_extended_attention_mask = self.invert_attention_mask(encoder_attention_mask)
else:
encoder_extended_attention_mask = None
# Prepare head mask if needed
# 1.0 in head_mask indicate we keep the head
# attention_probs has shape bsz x n_heads x N x N
# input head_mask has shape [num_heads] or [num_hidden_layers x num_heads]
# and head_mask is converted to shape [num_hidden_layers x batch x num_heads x seq_length x seq_length]
head_mask = self.get_head_mask(head_mask, self.config.num_hidden_layers)
embedding_output = self.embeddings(
input_ids=input_ids, position_ids=position_ids, token_type_ids=token_type_ids, inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds
)
encoder_outputs = embedding_output
if self.training:
res = []
for i in range(self.config.num_hidden_layers):
encoder_outputs = self.encoder.adaptive_forward(
encoder_outputs, current_layer=i, attention_mask=extended_attention_mask, head_mask=head_mask
)
pooled_output = self.pooler(encoder_outputs)
logits = output_layers[i](output_dropout(pooled_output))
res.append(logits)
elif self.patience == 0: # Use all layers for inference
encoder_outputs = self.encoder(
embedding_output,
attention_mask=extended_attention_mask,
head_mask=head_mask,
encoder_hidden_states=encoder_hidden_states,
encoder_attention_mask=encoder_extended_attention_mask,
)
pooled_output = self.pooler(encoder_outputs[0])
res = [output_layers[self.config.num_hidden_layers - 1](pooled_output)]
else:
patient_counter = 0
patient_result = None
calculated_layer_num = 0
for i in range(self.config.num_hidden_layers):
calculated_layer_num += 1
encoder_outputs = self.encoder.adaptive_forward(
encoder_outputs, current_layer=i, attention_mask=extended_attention_mask, head_mask=head_mask
)
pooled_output = self.pooler(encoder_outputs)
logits = output_layers[i](pooled_output)
if regression:
labels = logits.detach()
if patient_result is not None:
patient_labels = patient_result.detach()
if (patient_result is not None) and torch.abs(patient_result - labels) < self.regression_threshold:
patient_counter += 1
else:
patient_counter = 0
else:
labels = logits.detach().argmax(dim=1)
if patient_result is not None:
patient_labels = patient_result.detach().argmax(dim=1)
if (patient_result is not None) and torch.all(labels.eq(patient_labels)):
patient_counter += 1
else:
patient_counter = 0
patient_result = logits
if patient_counter == self.patience:
break
res = [patient_result]
self.inference_layers_num += calculated_layer_num
self.inference_instances_num += 1
return res
@add_start_docstrings(
"""Bert Model transformer with PABEE and a sequence classification/regression head on top (a linear layer on top of
the pooled output) e.g. for GLUE tasks. """,
BERT_START_DOCSTRING,
)
class BertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee(BertPreTrainedModel):
def __init__(self, config):
super().__init__(config)
self.num_labels = config.num_labels
self.bert = BertModelWithPabee(config)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
self.classifiers = nn.ModuleList(
[nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.config.num_labels) for _ in range(config.num_hidden_layers)]
)
self.init_weights()
@add_start_docstrings_to_callable(BERT_INPUTS_DOCSTRING)
def forward(
self,
input_ids=None,
attention_mask=None,
token_type_ids=None,
position_ids=None,
head_mask=None,
inputs_embeds=None,
labels=None,
):
r"""
labels (:obj:`torch.LongTensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size,)`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`None`):
Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss.
Indices should be in :obj:`[0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]`.
If :obj:`config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss),
If :obj:`config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
Returns:
:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` comprising various elements depending on the configuration (:class:`~transformers.BertConfig`) and inputs:
loss (:obj:`torch.FloatTensor` of shape :obj:`(1,)`, `optional`, returned when :obj:`label` is provided):
Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) loss.
logits (:obj:`torch.FloatTensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, config.num_labels)`):
Classification (or regression if config.num_labels==1) scores (before SoftMax).
hidden_states (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_hidden_states=True``):
Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer)
of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.
Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
attentions (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_attentions=True``):
Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape
:obj:`(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.
Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
heads.
Examples::
from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertForSequenceClassification
from pabee import BertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee
import torch
tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
model = BertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
input_ids = torch.tensor(tokenizer.encode("Hello, my dog is cute", add_special_tokens=True)).unsqueeze(0) # Batch size 1
labels = torch.tensor([1]).unsqueeze(0) # Batch size 1
outputs = model(input_ids, labels=labels)
loss, logits = outputs[:2]
"""
logits = self.bert(
input_ids=input_ids,
attention_mask=attention_mask,
token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
position_ids=position_ids,
head_mask=head_mask,
inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
output_dropout=self.dropout,
output_layers=self.classifiers,
regression=self.num_labels == 1,
)
outputs = (logits[-1],)
if labels is not None:
total_loss = None
total_weights = 0
for ix, logits_item in enumerate(logits):
if self.num_labels == 1:
# We are doing regression
loss_fct = MSELoss()
loss = loss_fct(logits_item.view(-1), labels.view(-1))
else:
loss_fct = CrossEntropyLoss()
loss = loss_fct(logits_item.view(-1, self.num_labels), labels.view(-1))
if total_loss is None:
total_loss = loss
else:
total_loss += loss * (ix + 1)
total_weights += ix + 1
outputs = (total_loss / total_weights,) + outputs
return outputs
@@ -1,703 +0,0 @@
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright 2020 The Google AI Language Team Authors, The HuggingFace Inc. team and Microsoft Corporation.
# Copyright (c) 2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" Training and inference using the library models for sequence classification on GLUE (Bert, Albert) with PABEE."""
import argparse
import glob
import json
import logging
import os
import random
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, RandomSampler, SequentialSampler, TensorDataset
from torch.utils.data.distributed import DistributedSampler
from tqdm import tqdm, trange
from pabee.modeling_pabee_albert import AlbertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee
from pabee.modeling_pabee_bert import BertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee
from transformers import (
WEIGHTS_NAME,
AdamW,
AlbertConfig,
AlbertTokenizer,
BertConfig,
BertTokenizer,
get_linear_schedule_with_warmup,
)
from transformers import glue_compute_metrics as compute_metrics
from transformers import glue_convert_examples_to_features as convert_examples_to_features
from transformers import glue_output_modes as output_modes
from transformers import glue_processors as processors
try:
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
except ImportError:
from tensorboardX import SummaryWriter
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
MODEL_CLASSES = {
"bert": (BertConfig, BertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee, BertTokenizer),
"albert": (AlbertConfig, AlbertForSequenceClassificationWithPabee, AlbertTokenizer),
}
def set_seed(args):
random.seed(args.seed)
np.random.seed(args.seed)
torch.manual_seed(args.seed)
if args.n_gpu > 0:
torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(args.seed)
def train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer):
""" Train the model """
if args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
tb_writer = SummaryWriter()
args.train_batch_size = args.per_gpu_train_batch_size * max(1, args.n_gpu)
train_sampler = RandomSampler(train_dataset) if args.local_rank == -1 else DistributedSampler(train_dataset)
train_dataloader = DataLoader(train_dataset, sampler=train_sampler, batch_size=args.train_batch_size)
if args.max_steps > 0:
t_total = args.max_steps
args.num_train_epochs = args.max_steps // (len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps) + 1
else:
t_total = len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps * args.num_train_epochs
# Prepare optimizer and schedule (linear warmup and decay)
no_decay = ["bias", "LayerNorm.weight"]
optimizer_grouped_parameters = [
{
"params": [p for n, p in model.named_parameters() if not any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)],
"weight_decay": args.weight_decay,
},
{"params": [p for n, p in model.named_parameters() if any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)], "weight_decay": 0.0},
]
optimizer = AdamW(optimizer_grouped_parameters, lr=args.learning_rate, eps=args.adam_epsilon)
scheduler = get_linear_schedule_with_warmup(
optimizer, num_warmup_steps=args.warmup_steps, num_training_steps=t_total
)
# Check if saved optimizer or scheduler states exist
if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(args.model_name_or_path, "optimizer.pt")) and os.path.isfile(
os.path.join(args.model_name_or_path, "scheduler.pt")
):
# Load in optimizer and scheduler states
optimizer.load_state_dict(torch.load(os.path.join(args.model_name_or_path, "optimizer.pt")))
scheduler.load_state_dict(torch.load(os.path.join(args.model_name_or_path, "scheduler.pt")))
if args.fp16:
try:
from apex import amp
except ImportError:
raise ImportError("Please install apex from https://www.github.com/nvidia/apex to use fp16 training.")
model, optimizer = amp.initialize(model, optimizer, opt_level=args.fp16_opt_level)
# multi-gpu training (should be after apex fp16 initialization)
if args.n_gpu > 1:
model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model)
# Distributed training (should be after apex fp16 initialization)
if args.local_rank != -1:
model = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(
model, device_ids=[args.local_rank], output_device=args.local_rank, find_unused_parameters=True,
)
# Train!
logger.info("***** Running training *****")
logger.info(" Num examples = %d", len(train_dataset))
logger.info(" Num Epochs = %d", args.num_train_epochs)
logger.info(" Instantaneous batch size per GPU = %d", args.per_gpu_train_batch_size)
logger.info(
" Total train batch size (w. parallel, distributed & accumulation) = %d",
args.train_batch_size
* args.gradient_accumulation_steps
* (torch.distributed.get_world_size() if args.local_rank != -1 else 1),
)
logger.info(" Gradient Accumulation steps = %d", args.gradient_accumulation_steps)
logger.info(" Total optimization steps = %d", t_total)
global_step = 0
epochs_trained = 0
steps_trained_in_current_epoch = 0
# Check if continuing training from a checkpoint
if os.path.exists(args.model_name_or_path):
# set global_step to gobal_step of last saved checkpoint from model path
global_step = int(args.model_name_or_path.split("-")[-1].split("/")[0])
epochs_trained = global_step // (len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps)
steps_trained_in_current_epoch = global_step % (len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps)
logger.info(" Continuing training from checkpoint, will skip to saved global_step")
logger.info(" Continuing training from epoch %d", epochs_trained)
logger.info(" Continuing training from global step %d", global_step)
logger.info(
" Will skip the first %d steps in the first epoch", steps_trained_in_current_epoch,
)
tr_loss, logging_loss = 0.0, 0.0
model.zero_grad()
train_iterator = trange(
epochs_trained, int(args.num_train_epochs), desc="Epoch", disable=args.local_rank not in [-1, 0],
)
set_seed(args) # Added here for reproductibility
for _ in train_iterator:
epoch_iterator = tqdm(train_dataloader, desc="Iteration", disable=args.local_rank not in [-1, 0])
for step, batch in enumerate(epoch_iterator):
# Skip past any already trained steps if resuming training
if steps_trained_in_current_epoch > 0:
steps_trained_in_current_epoch -= 1
continue
model.train()
batch = tuple(t.to(args.device) for t in batch)
inputs = {
"input_ids": batch[0],
"attention_mask": batch[1],
"labels": batch[3],
}
inputs["token_type_ids"] = batch[2]
outputs = model(**inputs)
loss = outputs[0] # model outputs are always tuple in transformers (see doc)
if args.n_gpu > 1:
loss = loss.mean() # mean() to average on multi-gpu parallel training
if args.gradient_accumulation_steps > 1:
loss = loss / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
if args.fp16:
with amp.scale_loss(loss, optimizer) as scaled_loss:
scaled_loss.backward()
else:
loss.backward()
tr_loss += loss.item()
if (step + 1) % args.gradient_accumulation_steps == 0:
if args.fp16:
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(amp.master_params(optimizer), args.max_grad_norm)
else:
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), args.max_grad_norm)
optimizer.step()
scheduler.step() # Update learning rate schedule
model.zero_grad()
global_step += 1
if args.local_rank in [-1, 0] and args.logging_steps > 0 and global_step % args.logging_steps == 0:
logs = {}
if (
args.local_rank == -1 and args.evaluate_during_training
): # Only evaluate when single GPU otherwise metrics may not average well
results = evaluate(args, model, tokenizer)
for key, value in results.items():
eval_key = "eval_{}".format(key)
logs[eval_key] = value
loss_scalar = (tr_loss - logging_loss) / args.logging_steps
learning_rate_scalar = scheduler.get_lr()[0]
logs["learning_rate"] = learning_rate_scalar
logs["loss"] = loss_scalar
logging_loss = tr_loss
for key, value in logs.items():
tb_writer.add_scalar(key, value, global_step)
print(json.dumps({**logs, **{"step": global_step}}))
if args.local_rank in [-1, 0] and args.save_steps > 0 and global_step % args.save_steps == 0:
# Save model checkpoint
output_dir = os.path.join(args.output_dir, "checkpoint-{}".format(global_step))
if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
os.makedirs(output_dir)
model_to_save = (
model.module if hasattr(model, "module") else model
) # Take care of distributed/parallel training
model_to_save.save_pretrained(output_dir)
tokenizer.save_pretrained(output_dir)
torch.save(args, os.path.join(output_dir, "training_args.bin"))
logger.info("Saving model checkpoint to %s", output_dir)
torch.save(optimizer.state_dict(), os.path.join(output_dir, "optimizer.pt"))
torch.save(scheduler.state_dict(), os.path.join(output_dir, "scheduler.pt"))
logger.info("Saving optimizer and scheduler states to %s", output_dir)
if args.max_steps > 0 and global_step > args.max_steps:
epoch_iterator.close()
break
if args.max_steps > 0 and global_step > args.max_steps:
train_iterator.close()
break
if args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
tb_writer.close()
return global_step, tr_loss / global_step
def evaluate(args, model, tokenizer, prefix="", patience=0):
if args.model_type == "albert":
model.albert.set_regression_threshold(args.regression_threshold)
model.albert.set_patience(patience)
model.albert.reset_stats()
elif args.model_type == "bert":
model.bert.set_regression_threshold(args.regression_threshold)
model.bert.set_patience(patience)
model.bert.reset_stats()
else:
raise NotImplementedError()
# Loop to handle MNLI double evaluation (matched, mis-matched)
eval_task_names = ("mnli", "mnli-mm") if args.task_name == "mnli" else (args.task_name,)
eval_outputs_dirs = (args.output_dir, args.output_dir + "-MM") if args.task_name == "mnli" else (args.output_dir,)
results = {}
for eval_task, eval_output_dir in zip(eval_task_names, eval_outputs_dirs):
eval_dataset = load_and_cache_examples(args, eval_task, tokenizer, evaluate=True)
if not os.path.exists(eval_output_dir) and args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
os.makedirs(eval_output_dir)
args.eval_batch_size = args.per_gpu_eval_batch_size * max(1, args.n_gpu)
# Note that DistributedSampler samples randomly
eval_sampler = SequentialSampler(eval_dataset)
eval_dataloader = DataLoader(eval_dataset, sampler=eval_sampler, batch_size=args.eval_batch_size)
# multi-gpu eval
if args.n_gpu > 1 and not isinstance(model, torch.nn.DataParallel):
model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model)
# Eval!
logger.info("***** Running evaluation {} *****".format(prefix))
logger.info(" Num examples = %d", len(eval_dataset))
logger.info(" Batch size = %d", args.eval_batch_size)
eval_loss = 0.0
nb_eval_steps = 0
preds = None
out_label_ids = None
for batch in tqdm(eval_dataloader, desc="Evaluating"):
model.eval()
batch = tuple(t.to(args.device) for t in batch)
with torch.no_grad():
inputs = {
"input_ids": batch[0],
"attention_mask": batch[1],
"labels": batch[3],
}
inputs["token_type_ids"] = batch[2]
outputs = model(**inputs)
tmp_eval_loss, logits = outputs[:2]
eval_loss += tmp_eval_loss.mean().item()
nb_eval_steps += 1
if preds is None:
preds = logits.detach().cpu().numpy()
out_label_ids = inputs["labels"].detach().cpu().numpy()
else:
preds = np.append(preds, logits.detach().cpu().numpy(), axis=0)
out_label_ids = np.append(out_label_ids, inputs["labels"].detach().cpu().numpy(), axis=0)
eval_loss = eval_loss / nb_eval_steps
if args.output_mode == "classification":
preds = np.argmax(preds, axis=1)
elif args.output_mode == "regression":
preds = np.squeeze(preds)
result = compute_metrics(eval_task, preds, out_label_ids)
results.update(result)
output_eval_file = os.path.join(eval_output_dir, prefix, "eval_results.txt")
with open(output_eval_file, "w") as writer:
logger.info("***** Eval results {} *****".format(prefix))
for key in sorted(result.keys()):
logger.info(" %s = %s", key, str(result[key]))
print(" %s = %s" % (key, str(result[key])))
writer.write("%s = %s\n" % (key, str(result[key])))
if args.eval_all_checkpoints and patience != 0:
if args.model_type == "albert":
model.albert.log_stats()
elif args.model_type == "bert":
model.bert.log_stats()
else:
raise NotImplementedError()
return results
def load_and_cache_examples(args, task, tokenizer, evaluate=False):
if args.local_rank not in [-1, 0] and not evaluate:
torch.distributed.barrier() # Make sure only the first process in distributed training process the dataset, and the others will use the cache
processor = processors[task]()
output_mode = output_modes[task]
# Load data features from cache or dataset file
cached_features_file = os.path.join(
args.data_dir,
"cached_{}_{}_{}_{}".format(
"dev" if evaluate else "train",
list(filter(None, args.model_name_or_path.split("/"))).pop(),
str(args.max_seq_length),
str(task),
),
)
if os.path.exists(cached_features_file) and not args.overwrite_cache:
logger.info("Loading features from cached file %s", cached_features_file)
features = torch.load(cached_features_file)
else:
logger.info("Creating features from dataset file at %s", args.data_dir)
label_list = processor.get_labels()
if task in ["mnli", "mnli-mm"] and args.model_type in ["roberta", "xlmroberta"]:
# HACK(label indices are swapped in RoBERTa pretrained model)
label_list[1], label_list[2] = label_list[2], label_list[1]
examples = (
processor.get_dev_examples(args.data_dir) if evaluate else processor.get_train_examples(args.data_dir)
)
features = convert_examples_to_features(
examples, tokenizer, label_list=label_list, max_length=args.max_seq_length, output_mode=output_mode,
)
if args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
logger.info("Saving features into cached file %s", cached_features_file)
torch.save(features, cached_features_file)
if args.local_rank == 0 and not evaluate:
torch.distributed.barrier() # Make sure only the first process in distributed training process the dataset, and the others will use the cache
# Convert to Tensors and build dataset
all_input_ids = torch.tensor([f.input_ids for f in features], dtype=torch.long)
all_attention_mask = torch.tensor([f.attention_mask for f in features], dtype=torch.long)
all_token_type_ids = torch.tensor([f.token_type_ids for f in features], dtype=torch.long)
if output_mode == "classification":
all_labels = torch.tensor([f.label for f in features], dtype=torch.long)
elif output_mode == "regression":
all_labels = torch.tensor([f.label for f in features], dtype=torch.float)
dataset = TensorDataset(all_input_ids, all_attention_mask, all_token_type_ids, all_labels)
return dataset
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
# Required parameters
parser.add_argument(
"--data_dir",
default=None,
type=str,
required=True,
help="The input data dir. Should contain the .tsv files (or other data files) for the task.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--model_type",
default=None,
type=str,
required=True,
help="Model type selected in the list: " + ", ".join(MODEL_CLASSES.keys()),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--model_name_or_path",
default=None,
type=str,
required=True,
help="Path to pre-trained model or shortcut name.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--task_name",
default=None,
type=str,
required=True,
help="The name of the task to train selected in the list: " + ", ".join(processors.keys()),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--output_dir",
default=None,
type=str,
required=True,
help="The output directory where the model predictions and checkpoints will be written.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--patience", default="0", type=str, required=False,
)
parser.add_argument(
"--regression_threshold", default=0, type=float, required=False,
)
# Other parameters
parser.add_argument(
"--config_name", default="", type=str, help="Pretrained config name or path if not the same as model_name",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--tokenizer_name",
default="",
type=str,
help="Pretrained tokenizer name or path if not the same as model_name",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--cache_dir",
default="",
type=str,
help="Where do you want to store the pre-trained models downloaded from s3",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--max_seq_length",
default=128,
type=int,
help="The maximum total input sequence length after tokenization. Sequences longer "
"than this will be truncated, sequences shorter will be padded.",
)
parser.add_argument("--do_train", action="store_true", help="Whether to run training.")
parser.add_argument("--do_eval", action="store_true", help="Whether to run eval on the dev set.")
parser.add_argument(
"--evaluate_during_training", action="store_true", help="Run evaluation during training at each logging step.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--do_lower_case", action="store_true", help="Set this flag if you are using an uncased model.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--per_gpu_train_batch_size", default=8, type=int, help="Batch size per GPU/CPU for training.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--per_gpu_eval_batch_size", default=1, type=int, help="Batch size per GPU/CPU for evaluation.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--gradient_accumulation_steps",
type=int,
default=1,
help="Number of updates steps to accumulate before performing a backward/update pass.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--learning_rate", default=5e-5, type=float, help="The initial learning rate for Adam.",
)
parser.add_argument("--weight_decay", default=0.0, type=float, help="Weight decay if we apply some.")
parser.add_argument("--adam_epsilon", default=1e-8, type=float, help="Epsilon for Adam optimizer.")
parser.add_argument("--max_grad_norm", default=1.0, type=float, help="Max gradient norm.")
parser.add_argument(
"--num_train_epochs", default=3.0, type=float, help="Total number of training epochs to perform.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--max_steps",
default=-1,
type=int,
help="If > 0: set total number of training steps to perform. Override num_train_epochs.",
)
parser.add_argument("--warmup_steps", default=0, type=int, help="Linear warmup over warmup_steps.")
parser.add_argument("--logging_steps", type=int, default=500, help="Log every X updates steps.")
parser.add_argument(
"--save_steps", type=int, default=500, help="Save checkpoint every X updates steps.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--eval_all_checkpoints",
action="store_true",
help="Evaluate all checkpoints starting with the same prefix as model_name ending and ending with step number",
)
parser.add_argument("--no_cuda", action="store_true", help="Avoid using CUDA when available")
parser.add_argument(
"--overwrite_output_dir", action="store_true", help="Overwrite the content of the output directory",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--overwrite_cache", action="store_true", help="Overwrite the cached training and evaluation sets",
)
parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=42, help="random seed for initialization")
parser.add_argument(
"--fp16",
action="store_true",
help="Whether to use 16-bit (mixed) precision (through NVIDIA apex) instead of 32-bit",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--fp16_opt_level",
type=str,
default="O1",
help="For fp16: Apex AMP optimization level selected in ['O0', 'O1', 'O2', and 'O3']."
"See details at https://nvidia.github.io/apex/amp.html",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--local_rank", type=int, default=-1, help="For distributed training: local_rank",
)
parser.add_argument("--server_ip", type=str, default="", help="For distant debugging.")
parser.add_argument("--server_port", type=str, default="", help="For distant debugging.")
args = parser.parse_args()
if (
os.path.exists(args.output_dir)
and os.listdir(args.output_dir)
and args.do_train
and not args.overwrite_output_dir
):
raise ValueError(
"Output directory ({}) already exists and is not empty. Use --overwrite_output_dir to overcome.".format(
args.output_dir
)
)
# Setup distant debugging if needed
if args.server_ip and args.server_port:
# Distant debugging - see https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/debugging#_attach-to-a-local-script
import ptvsd
print("Waiting for debugger attach")
ptvsd.enable_attach(address=(args.server_ip, args.server_port), redirect_output=True)
ptvsd.wait_for_attach()
# Setup CUDA, GPU & distributed training
if args.local_rank == -1 or args.no_cuda:
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() and not args.no_cuda else "cpu")
args.n_gpu = torch.cuda.device_count()
else: # Initializes the distributed backend which will take care of sychronizing nodes/GPUs
torch.cuda.set_device(args.local_rank)
device = torch.device("cuda", args.local_rank)
torch.distributed.init_process_group(backend="nccl")
args.n_gpu = 1
args.device = device
# Setup logging
logging.basicConfig(
format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(message)s",
datefmt="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S",
level=logging.INFO if args.local_rank in [-1, 0] else logging.WARN,
)
logger.warning(
"Process rank: %s, device: %s, n_gpu: %s, distributed training: %s, 16-bits training: %s",
args.local_rank,
device,
args.n_gpu,
bool(args.local_rank != -1),
args.fp16,
)
# Set seed
set_seed(args)
# Prepare GLUE task
args.task_name = args.task_name.lower()
if args.task_name not in processors:
raise ValueError("Task not found: %s" % (args.task_name))
processor = processors[args.task_name]()
args.output_mode = output_modes[args.task_name]
label_list = processor.get_labels()
num_labels = len(label_list)
if args.patience != "0" and args.per_gpu_eval_batch_size != 1:
raise ValueError("The eval batch size must be 1 with PABEE inference on.")
# Load pretrained model and tokenizer
if args.local_rank not in [-1, 0]:
torch.distributed.barrier() # Make sure only the first process in distributed training will download model & vocab
args.model_type = args.model_type.lower()
config_class, model_class, tokenizer_class = MODEL_CLASSES[args.model_type]
config = config_class.from_pretrained(
args.config_name if args.config_name else args.model_name_or_path,
num_labels=num_labels,
finetuning_task=args.task_name,
cache_dir=args.cache_dir if args.cache_dir else None,
)
tokenizer = tokenizer_class.from_pretrained(
args.tokenizer_name if args.tokenizer_name else args.model_name_or_path,
do_lower_case=args.do_lower_case,
cache_dir=args.cache_dir if args.cache_dir else None,
)
model = model_class.from_pretrained(
args.model_name_or_path,
from_tf=bool(".ckpt" in args.model_name_or_path),
config=config,
cache_dir=args.cache_dir if args.cache_dir else None,
)
if args.local_rank == 0:
torch.distributed.barrier() # Make sure only the first process in distributed training will download model & vocab
model.to(args.device)
print("Total Model Parameters:", sum(param.numel() for param in model.parameters()))
output_layers_param_num = sum(param.numel() for param in model.classifiers.parameters())
print("Output Layers Parameters:", output_layers_param_num)
single_output_layer_param_num = sum(param.numel() for param in model.classifiers[0].parameters())
print(
"Added Output Layers Parameters:", output_layers_param_num - single_output_layer_param_num,
)
logger.info("Training/evaluation parameters %s", args)
# Training
if args.do_train:
train_dataset = load_and_cache_examples(args, args.task_name, tokenizer, evaluate=False)
global_step, tr_loss = train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer)
logger.info(" global_step = %s, average loss = %s", global_step, tr_loss)
# Saving best-practices: if you use defaults names for the model, you can reload it using from_pretrained()
if args.do_train and (args.local_rank == -1 or torch.distributed.get_rank() == 0):
# Create output directory if needed
if not os.path.exists(args.output_dir) and args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
os.makedirs(args.output_dir)
logger.info("Saving model checkpoint to %s", args.output_dir)
# Save a trained model, configuration and tokenizer using `save_pretrained()`.
# They can then be reloaded using `from_pretrained()`
model_to_save = (
model.module if hasattr(model, "module") else model
) # Take care of distributed/parallel training
model_to_save.save_pretrained(args.output_dir)
tokenizer.save_pretrained(args.output_dir)
# Good practice: save your training arguments together with the trained model
torch.save(args, os.path.join(args.output_dir, "training_args.bin"))
# Load a trained model and vocabulary that you have fine-tuned
model = model_class.from_pretrained(args.output_dir)
tokenizer = tokenizer_class.from_pretrained(args.output_dir)
model.to(args.device)
# Evaluation
results = {}
if args.do_eval and args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
patience_list = [int(x) for x in args.patience.split(",")]
tokenizer = tokenizer_class.from_pretrained(args.output_dir, do_lower_case=args.do_lower_case)
checkpoints = [args.output_dir]
if args.eval_all_checkpoints:
checkpoints = list(
os.path.dirname(c) for c in sorted(glob.glob(args.output_dir + "/**/" + WEIGHTS_NAME, recursive=True))
)
logging.getLogger("transformers.modeling_utils").setLevel(logging.WARN) # Reduce logging
logger.info("Evaluate the following checkpoints: %s", checkpoints)
for checkpoint in checkpoints:
global_step = checkpoint.split("-")[-1] if len(checkpoints) > 1 else ""
prefix = checkpoint.split("/")[-1] if checkpoint.find("checkpoint") != -1 else ""
model = model_class.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
model.to(args.device)
print(f"Evaluation for checkpoint {prefix}")
for patience in patience_list:
result = evaluate(args, model, tokenizer, prefix=prefix, patience=patience)
result = dict((k + "_{}".format(global_step), v) for k, v in result.items())
results.update(result)
return results
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
import argparse
import logging
import sys
import unittest
from unittest.mock import patch
import run_glue_with_pabee
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logger = logging.getLogger()
def get_setup_file():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-f")
args = parser.parse_args()
return args.f
class PabeeTests(unittest.TestCase):
def test_run_glue(self):
stream_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
logger.addHandler(stream_handler)
testargs = """
run_glue_with_pabee.py
--model_type albert
--model_name_or_path albert-base-v2
--data_dir ./tests/fixtures/tests_samples/MRPC/
--task_name mrpc
--do_train
--do_eval
--output_dir ./tests/fixtures/tests_samples/temp_dir
--per_gpu_train_batch_size=2
--per_gpu_eval_batch_size=1
--learning_rate=2e-5
--max_steps=50
--warmup_steps=2
--overwrite_output_dir
--seed=42
--max_seq_length=128
""".split()
with patch.object(sys, "argv", testargs):
result = run_glue_with_pabee.main()
for value in result.values():
self.assertGreaterEqual(value, 0.75)
-23
View File
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
## MM-IMDb
Based on the script [`run_mmimdb.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/master/examples/contrib/mm-imdb/run_mmimdb.py).
[MM-IMDb](http://lisi1.unal.edu.co/mmimdb/) is a Multimodal dataset with around 26,000 movies including images, plots and other metadata.
### Training on MM-IMDb
```
python run_mmimdb.py \
--data_dir /path/to/mmimdb/dataset/ \
--model_type bert \
--model_name_or_path bert-base-uncased \
--output_dir /path/to/save/dir/ \
--do_train \
--do_eval \
--max_seq_len 512 \
--gradient_accumulation_steps 20 \
--num_image_embeds 3 \
--num_train_epochs 100 \
--patience 5
```
-570
View File
@@ -1,570 +0,0 @@
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
# Copyright (c) HuggingFace Inc. team.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" Finetuning the library models for multimodal multiclass prediction on MM-IMDB dataset."""
import argparse
import glob
import json
import logging
import os
import random
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from sklearn.metrics import f1_score
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, RandomSampler, SequentialSampler
from torch.utils.data.distributed import DistributedSampler
from tqdm import tqdm, trange
from transformers import (
WEIGHTS_NAME,
AdamW,
AutoConfig,
AutoModel,
AutoTokenizer,
MMBTConfig,
MMBTForClassification,
get_linear_schedule_with_warmup,
)
from utils_mmimdb import ImageEncoder, JsonlDataset, collate_fn, get_image_transforms, get_mmimdb_labels
try:
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
except ImportError:
from tensorboardX import SummaryWriter
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def set_seed(args):
random.seed(args.seed)
np.random.seed(args.seed)
torch.manual_seed(args.seed)
if args.n_gpu > 0:
torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(args.seed)
def train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer, criterion):
""" Train the model """
if args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
tb_writer = SummaryWriter()
args.train_batch_size = args.per_gpu_train_batch_size * max(1, args.n_gpu)
train_sampler = RandomSampler(train_dataset) if args.local_rank == -1 else DistributedSampler(train_dataset)
train_dataloader = DataLoader(
train_dataset,
sampler=train_sampler,
batch_size=args.train_batch_size,
collate_fn=collate_fn,
num_workers=args.num_workers,
)
if args.max_steps > 0:
t_total = args.max_steps
args.num_train_epochs = args.max_steps // (len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps) + 1
else:
t_total = len(train_dataloader) // args.gradient_accumulation_steps * args.num_train_epochs
# Prepare optimizer and schedule (linear warmup and decay)
no_decay = ["bias", "LayerNorm.weight"]
optimizer_grouped_parameters = [
{
"params": [p for n, p in model.named_parameters() if not any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)],
"weight_decay": args.weight_decay,
},
{"params": [p for n, p in model.named_parameters() if any(nd in n for nd in no_decay)], "weight_decay": 0.0},
]
optimizer = AdamW(optimizer_grouped_parameters, lr=args.learning_rate, eps=args.adam_epsilon)
scheduler = get_linear_schedule_with_warmup(
optimizer, num_warmup_steps=args.warmup_steps, num_training_steps=t_total
)
if args.fp16:
try:
from apex import amp
except ImportError:
raise ImportError("Please install apex from https://www.github.com/nvidia/apex to use fp16 training.")
model, optimizer = amp.initialize(model, optimizer, opt_level=args.fp16_opt_level)
# multi-gpu training (should be after apex fp16 initialization)
if args.n_gpu > 1:
model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model)
# Distributed training (should be after apex fp16 initialization)
if args.local_rank != -1:
model = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(
model, device_ids=[args.local_rank], output_device=args.local_rank, find_unused_parameters=True
)
# Train!
logger.info("***** Running training *****")
logger.info(" Num examples = %d", len(train_dataset))
logger.info(" Num Epochs = %d", args.num_train_epochs)
logger.info(" Instantaneous batch size per GPU = %d", args.per_gpu_train_batch_size)
logger.info(
" Total train batch size (w. parallel, distributed & accumulation) = %d",
args.train_batch_size
* args.gradient_accumulation_steps
* (torch.distributed.get_world_size() if args.local_rank != -1 else 1),
)
logger.info(" Gradient Accumulation steps = %d", args.gradient_accumulation_steps)
logger.info(" Total optimization steps = %d", t_total)
global_step = 0
tr_loss, logging_loss = 0.0, 0.0
best_f1, n_no_improve = 0, 0
model.zero_grad()
train_iterator = trange(int(args.num_train_epochs), desc="Epoch", disable=args.local_rank not in [-1, 0])
set_seed(args) # Added here for reproductibility
for _ in train_iterator:
epoch_iterator = tqdm(train_dataloader, desc="Iteration", disable=args.local_rank not in [-1, 0])
for step, batch in enumerate(epoch_iterator):
model.train()
batch = tuple(t.to(args.device) for t in batch)
labels = batch[5]
inputs = {
"input_ids": batch[0],
"input_modal": batch[2],
"attention_mask": batch[1],
"modal_start_tokens": batch[3],
"modal_end_tokens": batch[4],
}
outputs = model(**inputs)
logits = outputs[0] # model outputs are always tuple in transformers (see doc)
loss = criterion(logits, labels)
if args.n_gpu > 1:
loss = loss.mean() # mean() to average on multi-gpu parallel training
if args.gradient_accumulation_steps > 1:
loss = loss / args.gradient_accumulation_steps
if args.fp16:
with amp.scale_loss(loss, optimizer) as scaled_loss:
scaled_loss.backward()
else:
loss.backward()
tr_loss += loss.item()
if (step + 1) % args.gradient_accumulation_steps == 0:
if args.fp16:
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(amp.master_params(optimizer), args.max_grad_norm)
else:
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), args.max_grad_norm)
optimizer.step()
scheduler.step() # Update learning rate schedule
model.zero_grad()
global_step += 1
if args.local_rank in [-1, 0] and args.logging_steps > 0 and global_step % args.logging_steps == 0:
logs = {}
if (
args.local_rank == -1 and args.evaluate_during_training
): # Only evaluate when single GPU otherwise metrics may not average well
results = evaluate(args, model, tokenizer, criterion)
for key, value in results.items():
eval_key = "eval_{}".format(key)
logs[eval_key] = value
loss_scalar = (tr_loss - logging_loss) / args.logging_steps
learning_rate_scalar = scheduler.get_lr()[0]
logs["learning_rate"] = learning_rate_scalar
logs["loss"] = loss_scalar
logging_loss = tr_loss
for key, value in logs.items():
tb_writer.add_scalar(key, value, global_step)
print(json.dumps({**logs, **{"step": global_step}}))
if args.local_rank in [-1, 0] and args.save_steps > 0 and global_step % args.save_steps == 0:
# Save model checkpoint
output_dir = os.path.join(args.output_dir, "checkpoint-{}".format(global_step))
if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
os.makedirs(output_dir)
model_to_save = (
model.module if hasattr(model, "module") else model
) # Take care of distributed/parallel training
torch.save(model_to_save.state_dict(), os.path.join(output_dir, WEIGHTS_NAME))
torch.save(args, os.path.join(output_dir, "training_args.bin"))
logger.info("Saving model checkpoint to %s", output_dir)
if args.max_steps > 0 and global_step > args.max_steps:
epoch_iterator.close()
break
if args.max_steps > 0 and global_step > args.max_steps:
train_iterator.close()
break
if args.local_rank == -1:
results = evaluate(args, model, tokenizer, criterion)
if results["micro_f1"] > best_f1:
best_f1 = results["micro_f1"]
n_no_improve = 0
else:
n_no_improve += 1
if n_no_improve > args.patience:
train_iterator.close()
break
if args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
tb_writer.close()
return global_step, tr_loss / global_step
def evaluate(args, model, tokenizer, criterion, prefix=""):
# Loop to handle MNLI double evaluation (matched, mis-matched)
eval_output_dir = args.output_dir
eval_dataset = load_examples(args, tokenizer, evaluate=True)
if not os.path.exists(eval_output_dir) and args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
os.makedirs(eval_output_dir)
args.eval_batch_size = args.per_gpu_eval_batch_size * max(1, args.n_gpu)
# Note that DistributedSampler samples randomly
eval_sampler = SequentialSampler(eval_dataset)
eval_dataloader = DataLoader(
eval_dataset, sampler=eval_sampler, batch_size=args.eval_batch_size, collate_fn=collate_fn
)
# multi-gpu eval
if args.n_gpu > 1 and not isinstance(model, torch.nn.DataParallel):
model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model)
# Eval!
logger.info("***** Running evaluation {} *****".format(prefix))
logger.info(" Num examples = %d", len(eval_dataset))
logger.info(" Batch size = %d", args.eval_batch_size)
eval_loss = 0.0
nb_eval_steps = 0
preds = None
out_label_ids = None
for batch in tqdm(eval_dataloader, desc="Evaluating"):
model.eval()
batch = tuple(t.to(args.device) for t in batch)
with torch.no_grad():
batch = tuple(t.to(args.device) for t in batch)
labels = batch[5]
inputs = {
"input_ids": batch[0],
"input_modal": batch[2],
"attention_mask": batch[1],
"modal_start_tokens": batch[3],
"modal_end_tokens": batch[4],
}
outputs = model(**inputs)
logits = outputs[0] # model outputs are always tuple in transformers (see doc)
tmp_eval_loss = criterion(logits, labels)
eval_loss += tmp_eval_loss.mean().item()
nb_eval_steps += 1
if preds is None:
preds = torch.sigmoid(logits).detach().cpu().numpy() > 0.5
out_label_ids = labels.detach().cpu().numpy()
else:
preds = np.append(preds, torch.sigmoid(logits).detach().cpu().numpy() > 0.5, axis=0)
out_label_ids = np.append(out_label_ids, labels.detach().cpu().numpy(), axis=0)
eval_loss = eval_loss / nb_eval_steps
result = {
"loss": eval_loss,
"macro_f1": f1_score(out_label_ids, preds, average="macro"),
"micro_f1": f1_score(out_label_ids, preds, average="micro"),
}
output_eval_file = os.path.join(eval_output_dir, prefix, "eval_results.txt")
with open(output_eval_file, "w") as writer:
logger.info("***** Eval results {} *****".format(prefix))
for key in sorted(result.keys()):
logger.info(" %s = %s", key, str(result[key]))
writer.write("%s = %s\n" % (key, str(result[key])))
return result
def load_examples(args, tokenizer, evaluate=False):
path = os.path.join(args.data_dir, "dev.jsonl" if evaluate else "train.jsonl")
transforms = get_image_transforms()
labels = get_mmimdb_labels()
dataset = JsonlDataset(path, tokenizer, transforms, labels, args.max_seq_length - args.num_image_embeds - 2)
return dataset
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
# Required parameters
parser.add_argument(
"--data_dir",
default=None,
type=str,
required=True,
help="The input data dir. Should contain the .jsonl files for MMIMDB.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--model_name_or_path",
default=None,
type=str,
required=True,
help="Path to pretrained model or model identifier from huggingface.co/models",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--output_dir",
default=None,
type=str,
required=True,
help="The output directory where the model predictions and checkpoints will be written.",
)
# Other parameters
parser.add_argument(
"--config_name", default="", type=str, help="Pretrained config name or path if not the same as model_name"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--tokenizer_name",
default="",
type=str,
help="Pretrained tokenizer name or path if not the same as model_name",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--cache_dir",
default=None,
type=str,
help="Where do you want to store the pre-trained models downloaded from s3",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--max_seq_length",
default=128,
type=int,
help="The maximum total input sequence length after tokenization. Sequences longer "
"than this will be truncated, sequences shorter will be padded.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--num_image_embeds", default=1, type=int, help="Number of Image Embeddings from the Image Encoder"
)
parser.add_argument("--do_train", action="store_true", help="Whether to run training.")
parser.add_argument("--do_eval", action="store_true", help="Whether to run eval on the dev set.")
parser.add_argument(
"--evaluate_during_training", action="store_true", help="Rul evaluation during training at each logging step."
)
parser.add_argument(
"--do_lower_case", action="store_true", help="Set this flag if you are using an uncased model."
)
parser.add_argument("--per_gpu_train_batch_size", default=8, type=int, help="Batch size per GPU/CPU for training.")
parser.add_argument(
"--per_gpu_eval_batch_size", default=8, type=int, help="Batch size per GPU/CPU for evaluation."
)
parser.add_argument(
"--gradient_accumulation_steps",
type=int,
default=1,
help="Number of updates steps to accumulate before performing a backward/update pass.",
)
parser.add_argument("--learning_rate", default=5e-5, type=float, help="The initial learning rate for Adam.")
parser.add_argument("--weight_decay", default=0.0, type=float, help="Weight deay if we apply some.")
parser.add_argument("--adam_epsilon", default=1e-8, type=float, help="Epsilon for Adam optimizer.")
parser.add_argument("--max_grad_norm", default=1.0, type=float, help="Max gradient norm.")
parser.add_argument(
"--num_train_epochs", default=3.0, type=float, help="Total number of training epochs to perform."
)
parser.add_argument("--patience", default=5, type=int, help="Patience for Early Stopping.")
parser.add_argument(
"--max_steps",
default=-1,
type=int,
help="If > 0: set total number of training steps to perform. Override num_train_epochs.",
)
parser.add_argument("--warmup_steps", default=0, type=int, help="Linear warmup over warmup_steps.")
parser.add_argument("--logging_steps", type=int, default=50, help="Log every X updates steps.")
parser.add_argument("--save_steps", type=int, default=50, help="Save checkpoint every X updates steps.")
parser.add_argument(
"--eval_all_checkpoints",
action="store_true",
help="Evaluate all checkpoints starting with the same prefix as model_name ending and ending with step number",
)
parser.add_argument("--no_cuda", action="store_true", help="Avoid using CUDA when available")
parser.add_argument("--num_workers", type=int, default=8, help="number of worker threads for dataloading")
parser.add_argument(
"--overwrite_output_dir", action="store_true", help="Overwrite the content of the output directory"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--overwrite_cache", action="store_true", help="Overwrite the cached training and evaluation sets"
)
parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=42, help="random seed for initialization")
parser.add_argument(
"--fp16",
action="store_true",
help="Whether to use 16-bit (mixed) precision (through NVIDIA apex) instead of 32-bit",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--fp16_opt_level",
type=str,
default="O1",
help="For fp16: Apex AMP optimization level selected in ['O0', 'O1', 'O2', and 'O3']."
"See details at https://nvidia.github.io/apex/amp.html",
)
parser.add_argument("--local_rank", type=int, default=-1, help="For distributed training: local_rank")
parser.add_argument("--server_ip", type=str, default="", help="For distant debugging.")
parser.add_argument("--server_port", type=str, default="", help="For distant debugging.")
args = parser.parse_args()
if (
os.path.exists(args.output_dir)
and os.listdir(args.output_dir)
and args.do_train
and not args.overwrite_output_dir
):
raise ValueError(
"Output directory ({}) already exists and is not empty. Use --overwrite_output_dir to overcome.".format(
args.output_dir
)
)
# Setup distant debugging if needed
if args.server_ip and args.server_port:
# Distant debugging - see https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/debugging#_attach-to-a-local-script
import ptvsd
print("Waiting for debugger attach")
ptvsd.enable_attach(address=(args.server_ip, args.server_port), redirect_output=True)
ptvsd.wait_for_attach()
# Setup CUDA, GPU & distributed training
if args.local_rank == -1 or args.no_cuda:
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() and not args.no_cuda else "cpu")
args.n_gpu = 0 if args.no_cuda else torch.cuda.device_count()
else: # Initializes the distributed backend which will take care of sychronizing nodes/GPUs
torch.cuda.set_device(args.local_rank)
device = torch.device("cuda", args.local_rank)
torch.distributed.init_process_group(backend="nccl")
args.n_gpu = 1
args.device = device
# Setup logging
logging.basicConfig(
format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(message)s",
datefmt="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S",
level=logging.INFO if args.local_rank in [-1, 0] else logging.WARN,
)
logger.warning(
"Process rank: %s, device: %s, n_gpu: %s, distributed training: %s, 16-bits training: %s",
args.local_rank,
device,
args.n_gpu,
bool(args.local_rank != -1),
args.fp16,
)
# Set seed
set_seed(args)
# Load pretrained model and tokenizer
if args.local_rank not in [-1, 0]:
torch.distributed.barrier() # Make sure only the first process in distributed training will download model & vocab
# Setup model
labels = get_mmimdb_labels()
num_labels = len(labels)
transformer_config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(args.config_name if args.config_name else args.model_name_or_path)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
args.tokenizer_name if args.tokenizer_name else args.model_name_or_path,
do_lower_case=args.do_lower_case,
cache_dir=args.cache_dir,
)
transformer = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
args.model_name_or_path, config=transformer_config, cache_dir=args.cache_dir
)
img_encoder = ImageEncoder(args)
config = MMBTConfig(transformer_config, num_labels=num_labels)
model = MMBTForClassification(config, transformer, img_encoder)
if args.local_rank == 0:
torch.distributed.barrier() # Make sure only the first process in distributed training will download model & vocab
model.to(args.device)
logger.info("Training/evaluation parameters %s", args)
# Training
if args.do_train:
train_dataset = load_examples(args, tokenizer, evaluate=False)
label_frequences = train_dataset.get_label_frequencies()
label_frequences = [label_frequences[l] for l in labels]
label_weights = (
torch.tensor(label_frequences, device=args.device, dtype=torch.float) / len(train_dataset)
) ** -1
criterion = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=label_weights)
global_step, tr_loss = train(args, train_dataset, model, tokenizer, criterion)
logger.info(" global_step = %s, average loss = %s", global_step, tr_loss)
# Saving best-practices: if you use defaults names for the model, you can reload it using from_pretrained()
if args.do_train and (args.local_rank == -1 or torch.distributed.get_rank() == 0):
# Create output directory if needed
if not os.path.exists(args.output_dir) and args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
os.makedirs(args.output_dir)
logger.info("Saving model checkpoint to %s", args.output_dir)
# Save a trained model, configuration and tokenizer using `save_pretrained()`.
# They can then be reloaded using `from_pretrained()`
model_to_save = (
model.module if hasattr(model, "module") else model
) # Take care of distributed/parallel training
torch.save(model_to_save.state_dict(), os.path.join(args.output_dir, WEIGHTS_NAME))
tokenizer.save_pretrained(args.output_dir)
# Good practice: save your training arguments together with the trained model
torch.save(args, os.path.join(args.output_dir, "training_args.bin"))
# Load a trained model and vocabulary that you have fine-tuned
model = MMBTForClassification(config, transformer, img_encoder)
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(os.path.join(args.output_dir, WEIGHTS_NAME)))
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(args.output_dir)
model.to(args.device)
# Evaluation
results = {}
if args.do_eval and args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
checkpoints = [args.output_dir]
if args.eval_all_checkpoints:
checkpoints = list(
os.path.dirname(c) for c in sorted(glob.glob(args.output_dir + "/**/" + WEIGHTS_NAME, recursive=True))
)
logging.getLogger("transformers.modeling_utils").setLevel(logging.WARN) # Reduce logging
logger.info("Evaluate the following checkpoints: %s", checkpoints)
for checkpoint in checkpoints:
global_step = checkpoint.split("-")[-1] if len(checkpoints) > 1 else ""
prefix = checkpoint.split("/")[-1] if checkpoint.find("checkpoint") != -1 else ""
model = MMBTForClassification(config, transformer, img_encoder)
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(checkpoint))
model.to(args.device)
result = evaluate(args, model, tokenizer, criterion, prefix=prefix)
result = dict((k + "_{}".format(global_step), v) for k, v in result.items())
results.update(result)
return results
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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